生化出水中各类有机污染物的特性及在混凝处理过程中的行为

以城市生活污水厂二级生化出水为研究对象,考察了生化出水中有机污染物中各组分含量、分子量分布特点等特性,以及各类有机物在三氯化铁混凝处理过程中的行为.实验结果表明:当生化出水中有机物浓度以DOC表征时,水中疏水性物质与亲水性物质各占50%,其中疏水酸浓度最高,约为42%,其次为亲水酸和非酸亲水物质,分别占26%和24%,非酸疏水物质仅为8%.其中疏水酸中的不饱和双键或芳香环有机物的含量较高.二级生化出水中的DOC主要集中在分子量大于10 000 D的有机物,占48.8%.在三氯化铁混凝过程中,能去除几乎所有的大分子量有机物以及大部分芳香族有机物(61%的UV254),对小分子、亲水性有机物基本没有去除效果.因此,混凝法需与其他能去除亲水性、小分子量有机物(＜3 000 D)的处理工艺结合,以进一步提高有机物的去除效率.     

DMAP治疗犬急性失血复合氰中毒的实验研究

本实验观察了DMAP治疗不同程度的急性失血复合致死量氰中毒的效果。犬分别经股动脉急性失血至动脉收缩压9.33、6.67和5.33kPa造成轻、中、重度急性失血后复合iv NaCN2.5mg/kg中毒。对照组为轻度失血复合氰中毒不治疗,全组动物均在5 min内死亡;DMAP治疗各组在复合氰中毒后3 min iv DMAP 2 mg/kg治疗,动态监测血流动力学变化并同步作血气分析及MHb测定。结果发现,DMAP用于轻度失血复合氰中毒的治疗,有快速强效的心血管功能兴奋作用,起到挽救生命的效果;随失血程度加重,抗氰治疗难以奏效。血气分析及MHb测定结果表明,急性失血复合氰中毒时应用DMAP治疗可因过高的MHb浓度形成而严重影响血液携氧功能,提示在急性失血复合氰中毒时不用MHb形成剂类抗氰药为宜。     

酚类化合物酶处理反应机理初探

研究了辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的反应机理和动力学特征。根据酶反应动力学特征判断辣根过氧化物酶催化酚和氯酚氧化耦合反应属于乒乓双双反应机制。阐明了Ｈ２Ｏ２抑制机理，测定了酶反应中Ｈ２Ｏ２抑制的动力学参数。通过测定不同底物酶反应的动力学参数，比较了取代基数目及取代位置对酶反应的影响。     

通宣理肺方不同剂型中总黄酮和生物碱含量测定

目的：比较各制剂中总黄酮和总生物碱的含量,研究制备工艺对含量的影响。方法：采用分光光度法对不同剂型中总黄酮和总生物碱含量进行测定,比较最优制剂工艺。结果：总黄酮与生物碱含量测定结果均为：浓缩丸〉片剂〉大蜜丸。结论：通宣理肺方不同制剂制备工艺对总黄酮和生物碱的含量存在较大影响,这为剂型工艺优化提供科学依据。     

水蛭地龙商品药材中总磷脂含量测定

目的:建立水蛭、地龙两种药材中总磷脂含量测定方法,以评价不同地区的药材商品质量。方法:采用Folch试剂超声提取,钼蓝试剂显色,分光光度法分别测定两种药材不同商品中总磷脂的含量。结果:样品中总磷脂含量以磷含量计算,在2.38～71.4μg范围内具有良好的线性关系,其回归方程Y=0.0238X-0.01(r=0.9994)。结论:采用钼蓝比色法,测定水蛭、地龙商品药材中总磷脂含量。方法简便、可靠,可作为两药材质量控制的方法。     

Composition of Ophiopogon Polysaccharide, Notoginseng Total Saponins and Rhizoma Coptidis Alkaloids Inhibits Myocardial Apoptosis in Diabetic Atherosclerosis Rabbits

Objective: To investigate the effects of Composition of Ophiopogon polysaccharide, Notoginseng total saponins and Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids (CONR) on myocardial apoptosis of diabetic atherosclerosis (DA) rabbits Methods: Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups [control group, model group, CONR high-dose group (450 mg/kg), CONR medium-dose group (150 mg/kg), CONR low-dose group (50 mg/kg), and simvastatin group] by using a completely random method, 10 in each group. DA model was established by intravenously injected alloxan combined with high-fat diet and abdominal aortic balloon injury. After mediation for 10 weeks, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), fructoseamine (FRA), aldose reductase (AR), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method; the expression of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) in myocardial tissue were observed by immunohistochemical method; and p-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) protein expression in myocardial tissue were measured by Western blotting. The myocardial apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTPnick-end labeling (TUNEL)method, and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Results: Compared with the control group, serum FBG, GHB, GSP, FRA, AR, AGEs and the expression of myocardium RAGE, p-JNK, caspase-3 proteins, as well as apoptosis index (AI) were significantly increased and bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum FBG, GHB, GSP, FRA and AR showed a significant decline in CONR high- and medium-dose groups (P<0.01). FBG and GHB showed a significant decline in CONR low-dose group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of serum AGEs and myocardium RAGE, p-JNK and caspase-3 protein as well as AI were significantly decreased and bcl-2 protein was significantly up-regulated in all treatment groups (P<0.01); high-dose CONR had the most significant effect on abovementioned indices compared with other treatment groups (P<0.01). Middle-dose CONR had better effect on serum AGEs compared with the low-dose group (P<0.01); middle-dose CONR and simvastatin groups had better effect on the expression of caspase-3, bcl-2 protein, myocardium apoptosis compared with the CONR low-dose group (P<0.01). Conclusion: CONR may effectively inhibit myocardial apoptosis on DA rabbits by intervening AGEs-RAGE and JNK, caspase-3, and bcl-2 protein expressions.     

天龙咳喘灵中总黄酮和槲皮素含量测定简

目的：测定名医验方天龙咳喘灵复方制剂中总黄酮和槲皮素的含量。方法：采用紫外一可见分光光度法测定天龙咳喘灵中总黄酮的含量;RP—HPLC测定其槲皮素的含量。结果：分光光度法测定总黄酮时,其在0．008-0．048mg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1）,平均回收率为98．98％,RSD为1．65％;RP—HPLc测定槲皮素时,其在0．0168-4）．0840mg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好（r=O．9999）,平均回收率为99．83％,RSD为2．03％。结论：确定了复方天龙咳喘灵总黄酮和槲皮素的含量,建立了可靠、稳定易行并且重复性较好的测定方法,可作为该方剂的质量控制标准。     

慢阻肺普查人群中血清唾液酸检测分析

结合慢阻肺（ＣＯＰＤ）的普查，对普查人群中血清总唾液酸（ＴＳＡ）水平进行了检测分析。结果，肺功能异常人群的血清ＴＳＡ水平显著升高，以老年组表现最明显；青年组和老年组的血清ＴＳＡ水平高于中年组。由于慢性咳嗽人群处于缓解期，未发现这部分人群血清ＴＳＡ水平的改变。提示性别和吸烟对血清ＴＳＡ水平无明显影响。     

复方雄蚕蛾胶囊中总多糖和蛋白质含量测定

目的:建立复方雄蚕蛾胶囊质量控制的定性定量方法。方法:总多糖含量测定采用苯酚-硫酸显色法[1],在490nm波长处测定吸收度,在0.02~0.1g.L-1范围内,其质量浓度与吸光度线性关系良好(r=0.9984);蛋白质含量测定采用凯氏定氮法[2]。结果:复方雄蚕蛾胶囊中总多糖的平均含量为5.9%,蛋白质平均含量为51.3%。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高和重复性好,可以作为复方雄蚕蛾胶囊的质量控制的定性定量方法。     

广西产野生与栽培鸡血藤的总黄酮含量研究

[目的]研究广西产野生和栽培鸡血藤干燥藤茎的总黄酮含量差异.[方法]用50％乙醇超声提取广西产野生和栽培鸡血藤药材的总黄酮,采用紫外-可见分光光度法对总黄酮进行含量测定.[结果]广西产野生鸡血藤总黄酮含量较高,人工栽培的鸡血藤药材的总黄酮含量较低.[结论]本实验结果可为鸡血藤的研究及其人工栽培提供参考依据.     

浅谈生物安全实验室化学淋浴系统的设计及选用

化学淋浴系统作为生物安全四级实验室的关键设备,在国标《实验室生物安全通用要求》GB19489-2008对其提出了明确要求,但国内现在并无相关的产品。因而对化学淋浴系统的作用、工艺过程、关键设计部分作详细的介绍。