Expression of Beclin1 in non small cell lung cancer and its clinical significance

Objective:To investigate the expression of autophagy related gene;Beclin1 in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)tissues.Methods:Protein expression of Beclin1 was determined by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot,mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR.Results:Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the level of Beclin1 expression in lung cancer was significantly lower than that in adjacent noncancerous tissues and normal tissues(expression rate 8.3%,P=0.000).The Beclin1 mRNA expression in lung cancer,adjacent noncancerous tissues and normal tissues was 1.372(±0.475)1.721(±0.521)and 1.553(±0.554)when F = 15.0,P < 0.01.Beclin1 protein expression in lung cancer,adjacent noncancerous tissues and normal tissues was 3.453(±0.852)5.423(±1.351)and 6.878(±0.997)F = 11.2,P < 0.01.Conclusion:The protein and mRNA expression of Beclin1 in lung cancer was much lower than those in and around cancer tissues and normal tissues,those differences having statistical significance.However in adjacent noncancerous tissues and normal tissues,the expression showed no difference.     

Clinical significance of PHPT1 protein expression in lung cancer

Background In our previous studies, we found the expression of 14-kD phosphohistidine phosphatase （PHPT1） was associated with lung cancer cells migration and invasion, and PHPT1 mRNA expression level in lung cancer tissues clinically correlated with lymph node metastasis. In the present study, we aimed to further investigate the expression of PHPT1 protein in lung cancer. Methods Expression of PHPT1 protein in tissue samples from 146 lung cancers and 30 normal tissues adjacent to lung cancers was assessed using immunohistochemical method. Fisher＇s exact test was used to analyze expression patterns of PHPT1 protein in these tissue types. Meanwhile, we studied the correlation between expression of PHPT1 protein and clinicopathological features in lung cancer. Results Significantly higher expression levels of PHPT1 protein were found in lung cancer samples （53.42%） than in normal tissues adjacent to lung cancer （23.33%） （P=0.003）. Fisher＇s exact test showed that lung cancer stage positively correlated with expression of PHPT1 protein （P=-0.02）, and lung cancer samples with lymph node metastasis showed higher PHPT1 protein expression （P=-0.016） than the samples without lymph node metastasis. Conclusions The results of this study agree with findings from our previous study of PHPT1 mRNA expression in lung cancer tissues, and strongly suggest that PHPT1 protein is closely associated with the carcinogenesis and metastasis of lung cancer. Thus, therapy targeting PHPT1 （inhibition or silencing） could be potentially benefited for lung cancer patients.     

GRP78 upregulation-induced increase in cisplatin sensitivity of SPCA1 lung cancer cells

Background  Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, plays a critical role in chemotherapy resistance in a variety of cancers. In this study, we investigated the up-regulation of GRP78 induced by A23187 and its association with the chemotherapeutical sensibility to cisplatin in human lung cancer cell line SPCA1.

Methods  SPCA1 cells were pretreated with A23187 at different concentrations. The expression of GRP78 at the mRNA level was analyzed by RT-PCR; the expression of GRP78 at the protein level was determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results  The expression of GRP78 at both the mRNA and protein levels was obviously induced by A23187 in SPCA1 cells, with an elevation of GRP78 by 2.1-fold at the mRNA level and by 3.8-fold at the protein level compared to the control. There was a dose-dependent response. Survival curve analysis demonstrated that A23187 induction caused a significant reduction of survival for the cells subjected to cisplatin treatment (P <0.05). After treatment by cisplatin, the percentage of apoptotic cells in the A23187 pretreated group increased about three fold compared with the control group ((27.53±4.32)% vs. (9.25±3.64)%, P <0.05).

Conclusions  A23187 treatment was fairly effective for the induction of GRP78 in SPCA1 cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. To a certain extent, GRP78 up-regulation by A23187 was associated with the enhancement of drug sensitivity to cisplatin in human lung cancer cell line SPCA1.

     

Expression and significance of SHP-2 in human papillomavirus infected cervical cancer

This study investigated the expression and prognostic value of SHP-2 in cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Forty-five specimens from patients with cervical can-cer (stageⅠ-Ⅲ), 32 specimens from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (Ⅰ, Ⅱ) and 20 normal cervical samples from patients with hysteromyoma were collected in Department of Pathol-ogy for comparison. The expression levels of SHP-2 and IFN-β proteins were detected by using immu-nohistochemistry. The mRNA expression level of SHP-2 was detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HPVs were detected by HPV GenoArray Test. The Spearman corre-lation was used to compare the expression level of SHP-2 in HPV infected cervical cancer vs non-HPV infected normal cervix. The level of SHP-2 protein expression in the cancer tissues (88.8%) was sig-nificantly higher than in CIN tissues (62.5%) and normal cervixes (45%) (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respec-tively). The SHP-2 mRNA levels in the cancer tissues were upregulated as compared with those in the normal cervixes (P<0.05). Twenty-one (46.7%) cervical cancers, 25 (78.1%) CINs and 17 (85%) normal cervixes showed IFN-β positive staining in cytoplasm. There was statistically significant difference in the expression rate of IFN-β between cervical cancer and normal cervix (χ2=8.378, P<0.05) as well as between cervical cancer and CIN (χ2=7.695, P<0.05). HPV16/18 infections could be found in normal cervixs (15%), CINs (68.7%) and cervical cancers (84.4%). There was a correlation between HPV in-fection and SHP-2 expression in cervical cancer (rs=0.653, P<0.05). SHP-2 may be a useful prognostic and diagnostic indicator for HPV infected cervical cancer. In cervical cancers, SHP-2 mRNA and pro-tein overexpression was associated with IFN-β lower-expression.     

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its significance

n order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma （LSCC） and its significance, the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues （both P〈0. 01）, and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage Ⅲ＋ Ⅳtissues of LSCC as compared with the stage Ⅰ ＋ Ⅱ tissues of LSCC （P 〈0.01）. There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC （r= 0. 756,P〈0.01）. These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.     

Expression of the novel gene NM23-H1B in ovarian cancer

Objective：To study the expression of the human novel gene NM23-H1B in ovarian cancer.Methods: Totally 24 samples from patients with epithelial ovarian tumor at different clinical stages and 4 from normal ovaries were examined for NM23-H1B mRNA expression by RT-PCR and Northern blot. Results: All samples expressed NM23-H1B mRNA through RT-PCR, while the level of expression in ovarian tumor was higher than that of normal ovary. The results of Northern blot showed that NM23-H1B was overexpressed in ovarian cancer while lowexpressed in normal ovary or low malignant potential (LMP).The level of expression at early stage cancer (stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ) was higher than those in advanced cancer(stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ ). In early stage carcinoma, the expression level was involved in the differentiation of tumor cell, and well-differentiated cancer expressed NM23-H1B mRNA in comparatively higher level. Conclusion: The novel gene NM23 N1B is closely correlated with the ovarian cancer.     

Expression of p57kip2 and cyclinE proteins in human pancreatic cancer

Objective To investigate the effects of p57kip2 and cyclinE proteins on the genesis and progression of human pancreatic cancer. Methods The expression of p57kip2 and cyclinE proteins in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of pancreatic cancer in 32 patients was detected by SP immunohistochemical technique. Results The p57kip2 protein positive-expression rate in tumor tissues of pancreatic cancer was 46.9%, which was lower than that in adjacent pancreatic tissue (P&lt;0.05). The p57kip2 protein positive-expression correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation (P&lt;0.05) and did not correlate significantly with lymph node metastasis (P&gt;0.05). The cyclinE positive-expression rate in tumor tissues was 68.8%, which was higher than that in adjacent pancreatic tissues (P&lt;0.05). The cyclinE positive-expression also correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P&lt;0.05). The cyclinE protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissues of the p57kip2 protein positive-expression group was lower than that in the p57kip2 protein negative-expression group, and there were no significant correlation between the two groups (r= -0.112, P＞0.05).Conclusion Decreased expression of the p57kip2 protein and/or over-expression of the cyclinE protein may play an important role in the genesis and progression of human pancreatic cancer.     

非小细胞肺癌中基质金属蛋白酶-10的表达

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)中基质金属蛋白酶-10(matrix metalloproteinase-10,MMP-10)的表达及其与临床参数间的关系.方法:使用RT-PCR法及免疫组化法,检测32对NSCLC癌组织及癌旁正常组织中MMP-10的表达水平,并分析其与性别、年龄、分期、分级、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移及病理类型之间的相关性.结果:MMP-10 的表达在mRNA水平与蛋白质水平表达有差异:MMP-10 mRNA在NSCLC癌组织中的表达要显著低于癌旁正常肺组织(P＜0.05),MMP-10蛋白在肺癌癌组织中的表达要显著高于癌旁正常肺组织(P＜0.01);在NSCLC癌组织中MMP-10 mRNA 的表达与MMP-10蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.4672, P＜0.05),而在癌旁正常肺组织中,两者表达相关性无显著统计学差异(r=-0.003022,P＞0.05).结论:MMP-10 mRNA在肺癌癌组织中表达要低于正常组织,MMP-10蛋白在肺癌癌组织中表达要高于正常组织.     

胃癌中葡萄糖调节蛋白78和葡萄糖调节蛋白94表达的临床意义及与预后的相关性

目的确定葡萄糖调节蛋白78（glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78）和葡萄糖调节蛋白94（glucose-regulated protein 94,GRP94）与胃癌（gastric cancer,GC）临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法应用Western blotting和免疫组织化学方法检测GC和切缘组织中GRP78和GRP94的表达;Kaplan-Meier或卡方检验GRP78、GRP94和临床病理资料与GC术后整体生存期相关性。结果 GRP78和GRP94蛋白主要表达于胃癌细胞的胞质及胞膜,其阳性表达与淋巴结转移、TNM分期呈负相关,与分化程度正相关（P〈0.05）;GRP78、GRP94高表达及低表达GC患者术后平均生存时间分别为（23.51±2.32）个月和（37.54±3.24）个月、（21.31±1.46）个月和（40.02±2.19）个月,5年整体生存率分别为21.23%和41.42%、20.73%和43.86%（log-rank test,P〈0.01）,TNM分期、GRP78和GRP94是影响GC预后的独立因素。结论 GRP78和GRP94高表达可能是GC预后不良的分子标志物之一。     

实时定量PCR方法检测宫颈癌组织中SNAIL mRNA的表达

目的研究锌指转录抑制因子SNAIL mRNA在宫颈癌组织和宫颈癌细胞系中的表达情况并探讨其意义。方法采用实时定量PCR方法检测5例宫颈原位癌、55例宫颈浸润癌、14例癌旁组织和3种宫颈癌细胞系HeLa、SiHa、C33A中SNAIL mRNA的表达,并分析其与宫颈浸润癌各临床病理指标的相关性。结果正常宫颈组织、宫颈原位癌和宫颈浸润癌SNAIL mRNA的相对表达水平分别为0.01±0.01、0.08±0.05、0.09±0.07;宫颈原位癌和浸润癌均高于正常宫颈组织(P<0.05)。但在不同FIGO分期、病理分级、浸润深度及淋巴结转移情况之间SNAIL mRNA水平无明显变化。3种宫颈癌细胞系中均有SNAIL mRNA的表达,分别为0.06±0.06、0.18±0.05、0.09±0.08,以SiHa细胞系最高(P<0.05)。结论SNAIL基因在宫颈原位癌和浸润癌中高表达,提示SNAIL可能与宫颈癌的发生和发展有关。     

趋化因子受体CXCR4在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨CXCR4在肺癌组织中的表达及意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测84例肺癌组织、20例正常肺组织中CXCR4的表达,其中84例肺癌中包括36例淋巴结转移。结果 CXCR4蛋白在肺正常组织表达较低,在84例肺癌组织中的阳性表达率高达60.7%(51/84)。CXCR4的表达与肺癌患者的年龄、性别无关,而与分化程度、TNM分期、病理类型和淋巴结转移有相关性。低分化组肺癌组织CXCR4阳性表达率(78.95%)明显高于高中分化组(45.65%)。临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期的肺癌组织CXCR4蛋白阳性表达率分别为50.81%和86.96%;伴淋巴结转移组肺癌CXCR4蛋白阳性表达率为77.78%,没有淋巴结转移组阳性表达率为47.92%;而病理类型中腺癌的阳性表达较高(86.36%)。结论肺癌组织中高表达的CXCR4很可能是促进肺癌侵袭和转移的一个重要分子。     

食管鳞癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶-10和Raf激酶抑制蛋白mRNA的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨食管鳞癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶-10(MMP-10)和Raf激酶抑制蛋白(RKIP)mRNA的表达及临床意义.方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测42例食管鳞癌患者的癌组织(食管鳞癌组)及其癌旁正常组织(癌旁组织组)中MMP-10 mRNA、RKIP mRNA的表达,分析其表达与患者临床病理学特征的关系.结果 食管鳞癌组织中MMP-10 mRNA相对表达量高于癌旁正常组织,RKIP mRNA相对表达量低于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、肿瘤分化程度的患者的MMP-10 mRNA、RKIP mRNA表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期及有淋巴转移的患者MMP-10 mRNA相对表达量分别高于Ⅰ 期+Ⅱ 期及无淋巴结转移患者,且RKIP mRNA相对表达量分别低于 Ⅰ期+Ⅱ 期及淋巴结转移患者(P<0.05).MMP-10 mRNA与RKIP mRNA的表达呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 MMP-10 mRNA高表达以及RKIP mRNA低表达可能与食管鳞癌的发生发展有关,并对患者预后判断有一定的价值.     

葡萄糖转运蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨葡萄糖转运蛋白（Glucose transporter，Glut）的两种异构体Glutl、Glut3及缺氧诱导因子-1（Hypoxia induciblefactor-1，HIF-1）的亚基HIF—1α，在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义。方法：选取34例手术切除非小细胞肺癌（包括癌组织和癌旁组织）和17例肺良性病变标本，用免疫组织化学法测定Glutl、Glut3及HIF-1α在肺组织中的表达；用RT—PCR半定量检测Glutl、Glut3及HIF-1α的mRNA表达；用Western Blot检测Glutl、Glut3及HIF-1α蛋白的表达，并测两者相关性。结果：Glutl、Glut3及HIF-1α在肺癌组织中mRNA相对含量为0．689&#177;0．245、0．506&#177;0．246、0．693&#177;0．248，对应癌旁组织为0．338&#177;0．157、0．482&#177;0．238、0．351&#177;0．184，Glutl和HIF-1α在肺癌组织中显著升高（P〈0．001），而Glut3差别无显著性（P〉0．05）。Glutl、Glut3、HIF—1α在癌组织中蛋白相对含量为0．582&#177;0．247、0．551&#177;0．251、0．525&#177;0．246，癌旁组织为0．288&#177;0．151、0．436&#177;0．224、0．261&#177;0．135，在肺良性病变中为0．291&#177;0．142、0．402&#177;0．206、0．271&#177;0．176，Glutl和HIF-1α在癌组织中的表达均明显高于癌旁组织（P〈0．001）和肺良性病变组织（P〈0．001）；而Glut3差别无显著性（P〉0．05）。Glutl和HIF-1α在低分化组明显高于中高分化组（P〈0．05），Ⅲ期明显高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期（P〈0．05），且HIF-1α的表达与Glutl明显相关（r=0．854，P〈0．01）。结论：在非小细胞肺癌中，Glutl和HIF-1a存在高表达，其表达与细胞分化程度、TNM分期密切相关，且Glutl和HIF-1α具有相关性。     

癌组织中KLF9、TFAP4基因表达在非小细胞肺癌患者预后中的应用价值

目的 探究癌组织中Kruppel样转录因子9（KLF9）、转录因子激活增强子结合蛋白4（TFAP4）基因表达在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者预后中的应用价值。方法选取NSCLC患者94例作为研究对象,检测癌组织及癌旁组织中KLF9、TFAP4 mRNA表达量。并以基因表达量均数为界分为低表达组、高表达组。比较两组年龄、性别、病理类型、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度、肿瘤最大径、癌组织中KLF9、TFAP4 mRNA表达量,采用Pearson分析癌组织中KLF9、TFAP4 mRNA与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度、肿瘤最大径的相关性,采用logistic多元回归方程行多因素分析,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线进行生存分析。结果癌组织KLF9 mRNA表达水平低于癌旁组织,TFAP4 mRNA表达水平高于癌旁组织（P<0.05）;KLF9、TFAP4 mRNA高表达组TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度、肿瘤最大径与低表达组相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;KLF9 mRNA与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤最大径呈负相关,与分化程度呈正相关,TFAP4 mRNA与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤最大径呈正相关,与分化程度呈负相关（P<0.05）;KLF9 mRNA、TFAP4 mRNA高表达与低表达患者生存曲线比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论NSCLC患者癌组织中KLF9、TFAP4基因表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤最大径、分化程度显著相关,可影响患者预后,靶向KLF9、TFAP4基因可能有助于预后的改善。     

胃癌组织中GRP78的表达与临床病理特征的相关性分析

目的探讨胃癌组织葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)的表达与临床病理特征的相关性及其与胃癌发生、发展的关系。方法收集临床资料完整的胃癌组织蜡块76例、胃正常组织蜡块(含正常胃黏膜组织及癌旁正常胃组织)20例制成组织芯片,免疫组化SP法检测其GRP78蛋白的表达。结果胃癌组织、胃正常组织中均有GRP78蛋白的表达,胃癌组织表达指数为(5.80±3.45),胃正常组织表达指数为(3.20±1.70),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。胃癌组织中GRP78蛋白的表达随肿瘤分化程度的降低而增强(P=0.001),但与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、有无淋巴结转移、浸润深度等无关。结论胃癌组织中GRP78蛋白的表达增高,并与胃癌的分化程度密切相关。     

Altered surfactant protein A gene expression and protein homeostasis in rats with emphysematous changes

Background The decrease of surfactant protein （SP） secreted by the alveolar type Ⅱ cell is one of the important causes of limiting air of pulmonary emphysema. However, the SP-A gene and protein changes in this disease are rarely studied. This study was undertaken to investigate alterations in SP-A gene activity and protein, and to explore their roles in the pathogenesis of emphysematous changes.
Methods Twenty Wistar rats were divided randomly into a normal control group （n=10） and a cigarette smoking （CS） ＋ lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group （n=10）. Ultra-structural changes were observed under an electron microscope. The number of cells positive for SP-A was measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression and protein level of SP-A in the lung tissues were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） and Western blot separately. The protein level of SP-A in lavage fluid was determined by Western blot.
Results The number of cells positive for SP-A of the CS＋LPS group （0.35±0.03） was lower than that of the blank control group （0.72±0.06, P 〈0.05）. The level of SP-A in the lung tissues of rats in the CS＋LPS group （0.2765±0.0890） was lower than that in the blank control group （0.6875±0.1578, P 〈0.05）. The level of SP-A in the lavage fluid of rats in the CS＋LPS group （0.8567±0.1458） was lower than that in the blank control group （1.3541±0.2475, P 〈0.05）. The lung tissues of rats in the CS＋LPS group showed an approximate increase （0.4-fold） in SP-A mRNA levels relative to β-actin mRNA （P 〈0.05）.
Conclusions The changes of SP-A may be related to emphysematous changes in the lung. And cigarette smoke and LPS alter lung SP-A gene activity and protein homeostasis.