无机陶瓷膜微滤耦合超声澄清痹通药酒提取液的研究

目的 研究无机陶瓷膜微滤耦合超声技术在痹通药酒澄清过滤中的应用。方法 以膜渗透通量、膜污染阻力分布等为指标,考察间歇超声、连续超声与未耦合超声在痹通药酒澄清滤过中的差异,进而对操作条件进行优化研究。结果 连续超声可显著增强膜的渗透性能,渗透通量高达173 L/(m2·h),通量提高率31.6%,同时还能有效降低膜污染阻力,尤其对膜表面沉积层,降幅达50%以上。一定范围内,超声对膜过程的强化与操作压力呈正比,与操作温度呈反比。结论 陶瓷膜微滤过程耦合超声技术是一种安全有效的膜分离手段。     

0.2μm Al2O3陶瓷膜微滤杞菊地黄丸水提液的污染机制研究

目的研究0.2μmAl2O3陶瓷膜微滤杞菊地黄丸水提液过程中的膜污染机制。方法以杞菊地黄丸水提液为研究对象,根据Darcy-Poiseuille定律确定滤过阻力分布情况,对污染膜表面沉积层的组成物质进行了傅里叶转换红外光谱分析和粒径分析,同时对污染膜表面和截面进行高分辨扫描电镜观测。结果膜滤过阻力主要集中在表面沉积层,膜本身的阻力及浓差极化层阻力起了次要作用,膜孔内部污染阻力所占比例最小。并且,这与通过SEM图像的分析所得到的结论大致相吻合。通过红外光谱对膜污染物进行定性分析可知膜污染物中分子主要具有肽键、羰基和羟基。污染膜表面沉积层的组成物质的粒径分布情况为占有较大体积百分数的粒子的半径集中在18.627μm左右,而占有较高数量的粒子的半径集中在0.424μm左右。结论研究微滤过程中的膜污染机制对于采用减缓膜通量减少的措施及寻找有效的膜再生方法有重要指导作用。     

陶瓷膜澄清糖渴清水提液的膜清洗研究

目的 研究孔径为0.2 μm的Al2O3陶瓷膜微滤澄清糖渴清复方水提液过程中的过滤阻力分布,在其指导下得到行之有效的膜清洗方法,从而丰富中药领域陶瓷膜清洗技术理论.方法 以Darcy-Poiseuille定律为过滤模型,确定过滤阻力分布,同时采用高分辨扫描电镜(SEM)对污染膜表面和断面进行微观分析.结果 糖渴清复方的膜阻力主要集中在沉积层和浓差极化层,分别占总阻力的52.5%和34.4%,膜本身的阻力和堵孔阻力在总阻力所占的份额很小,分别为8.8%和4.3%.该结论与SEM图结果一致.污染膜依次经自来水低压清洗和超声清洗,膜通量恢复率为95%.方法 重现性好.结论 根据过程中过滤阻力分布的不同,从而选用合适的清洗和再生方法,得到的结论对今后的工业化生产有一定的指导意义.     

无机陶瓷膜精制清络通痹颗粒的过程优化研究

目的 考察无机陶瓷膜在清络通痹水提液精制过程中，不同孔径的膜对该体系的适用性，药液温度、流速及操作压力等工艺参数对膜过程的影响及膜分离操作终点判定，进行膜过程优化设计。方法 以清络通痹水提液为研究对象，测定了3种不同孔径膜及不同操作参数下膜通量的变化、有效成分含量及固形物含量等。结果 对于本体系，孔径为0．2μm的氧化铝膜渗透通量最大，固形物去除率高；合适的操作压差为0．15-0．20MPa，操作温度60℃左右，膜面流速3m/s；微滤过程中，分次加入适量水洗，当微滤液收率达到原药液的100％以上时，有效成分转移率达80％，即可结束微滤。结论 采用0.2μm的氧化铝膜对清络通痹水提液进行微滤，在适当操作条件下可取得较好精制效果．为陶瓷膜分离用于中药精制领域的共性问题提供了依据。     

无机陶瓷膜精制清络通痹水提液的污染机制研究

目的研究无机陶瓷膜滤过中药水提液的污染机制，为进行膜污染的防治研究和膜分离技术在中药领域的产业化进行探索。方法采用氧化铝陶瓷微滤膜对清络通痹水提液进行滤过澄清，考察了不同孔径的氧化铝膜对该体系的适用性，通过扫描电镜对膜面切片污染物进行分析，同时结合膜过程中滤过阻力的测定，分析污染物的存在形态、位置与形成规律。结果对于清络痹水提液，0．2μm孔径的氧化铝膜较为适用，有较高的稳定通量和成分保留率，同时污染较轻；3种孔径的氧化铝膜，膜自身阻力和孔堵塞阻力在总阻力中所占比例较小，浓差极化阻力和表面沉积阻力等可逆阻力为主要阻力。结论优化膜过程工艺参数，采用适当预处理方法和清洗方法可以减少膜的污染，使膜的性能有较大恢复。     

0.2μm Al2O3无机陶瓷膜微滤技术精制清络通痹颗粒的研究

目的：考察0.2μm Al2O3无机陶瓷膜精制复方清络通痹颗粒的可行性与有效性。方法：测定以0.2μm Al2O3无机陶瓷膜精制前后各样品的总黄酮含量、总固含物量、浊度等指标。结果：3批试验中总黄酮量，膜后分别为膜前的83．52％、85．48％、85．03％，截留液中总黄酮分别为5．4％、4．8％、5．2％；膜滤后总固含物量平均下降4．0％，浊度由膜前800 NTU 下降至膜后的约35NTU,而截留液的浊度上升至近4000NTU。结论：采用0.2μm Al2O3无机陶瓷膜精制清络通痹颗粒，有效地简化了工艺,在保证其有效性的前提下，可节约成本，提升产品质量。     

中药水提液中可溶性有机物分子量分布及其对陶瓷膜通量的影响

目的 初步研究生地等7种药材和清络通痹复方8种中药水提液中可溶性有机物分子量分布的特点，以及与0．2μm孔径Al2O3陶瓷膜稳定通量的相关性。方法 原水提液经0．45μm孔径混合纤维素微滤膜过滤，所得滤液作为初始液。初始液依次经截留分子量为14万、10万、5万、1万和4000的超滤膜逐级超滤，得一系列滤液，采用紫外分先光度计法测定其在254nm处的吸光值，与初始液在该波长处的吸光值对比，可得分子量分布的结果。结果 ①除半夏和生地外，水提液中分子量小于4000的溶解性有机物所占比例均超过30％，金银花和清络通痹复方达到50％左右；②膜稳定通量近似的体系，则其分子量分布变化规律基本一致。结论 膜稳定通量与中药水提液中可溶性有机物分子量分布情况存在一定的相关性。     

田基黄水提液的陶瓷膜微滤工艺研究

目的 考察不同孔径陶瓷膜微滤在田基黄水提液纯化中的应用,确定最佳微滤用膜.方法 取1.8 kg田基黄水煎煮提取后,分别取水提液25 L.选择0.1、0.2、0.5、0.8 μm四种不同孔径的陶瓷膜室温下进行循环微滤,操作压力为0.15MPa.当原液太少不能循环微滤或太稠微滤速度太小时,加8 L纯水顶洗.继续微滤.收集4种不同孔径膜各部分滤液,取样,测定.结果 0.1、0.2、0.5、0.8 μm各孔径陶瓷膜微滤液中槲皮苷转移率分别为82%、87%、80%、86%;总黄酮转移率分别为85%、82%、79%、79%;除固率都在20%左右;其HPLC指纹图谱中峰数没有缺失或增加.结论 利用陶瓷膜微滤技术可有效除去田基黄水提物中的不溶性或大分子杂质,并保留了有效成分;0.2μm孔径陶瓷膜较适用于田基黄水提液的纯化精制.     

ZrO2陶瓷膜微滤增液口服液机理的初步研究

目的 研究0.2 μm、50 nm ZrO2陶瓷膜微滤增液口服液过程中体系物理化学参数及指标性成分的变化,探索陶瓷膜微滤过程中体系的微观变化.方法 依法测定分离过程中复方溶液环境的pH、电导率、浊度、黏度等参数及指标性成分哈巴俄苷的透过率,观察膜过程中稳定通量变化.结果 2种孔径的ZrO2膜对增液口服液的分离过程中,膜通量的变化基本平稳.pH值均呈现一定的下降趋势,最大波动分别为0.343、0.459;电导率的最大降幅分别为0.463 μs/cm、0.079 μs/cm,50 nm ZrO2微滤结束后药液的电导率略有升高;微滤后药液浊度骤降,最大降幅分别为95.2 NTU、110.2 NTU;体系的黏度在微滤过程改变不明显,分别下降了0.12 mPa·s、0.05 mPa·s,两截留液的值与原液相比也未见显著变化.哈巴俄苷的瞬时透过率的变化基本一致,50 nm ZrO2的累积透过率略低.结论 不同孔径ZrO2陶瓷膜微滤增液口服液时其物理化学参数的变化产生不同的影响,体系中主要成分透过率的不同亦有一定的关联.     

0.2μm无机陶瓷膜微滤对黄芩等7种中药主要指标性成分转移率的影响

目的 通过研究无机陶瓷膜微滤前后药液各主要指标性成分的转移率，探索中药水提液复杂体系在无机陶瓷膜分离过程中的微观表现。方法 以HPLC法测定0．2μm无机陶瓷膜微滤前后黄芩等7种中药水提液中主要指标性成分含量及固含物。结果 各主要指标性成分微滤前后相对含量提高率及转移率分别为4％—9％和70％—80％左右。结论0．2μm无机陶瓷膜对黄芩等7种中药水提液有较好的精制效果，但其对有关成分的截留机理值得深入探讨。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.