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1.
Objective: To observe the effects of Dachengqi Decoction (大承气汤, DCQD) on morphological changes in the network of enteric nerve-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs)-smooth muscle cells (SMC) of enteric deep muscular plexuses (DMP) in the rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Methods: One hundred Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 200 to 250 g were randomly divided into the control group, MODS group, and DCQD group. The morphologic changes of enteric nerve-ICC-SMC network in the DMP of intestine was observed using c-Kit and vesicular acetylcholine transporter/neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunohistochemical double-staining with whole-mount preparation technique, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and electron microscopy. Results: Compared with the control group, the distribution and densities of cholinergic/nitrergic nerves and ICC in the DMP (ICC-DMP) of intestine in the MODS group were significantly decreased (P0.01), and the network of cholinergic nerve-ICC-SMC was disrupted; and the ultrastructural features of ICC-DMP, enteric nerve, and SMC were severely damaged. After treatment with DCQD, the damage in the network of enteric nerve-ICC-SMC was significantly recovered. Compared with the MODS group, the distribution and densities of cholinergic/nitrergic nerves and ICC-DMP in the DCQD group were significantly increased (P0.01); and the ultrastructural features of ICC-DMP, enteric nerve, smooth muscle cells were significantly recovered. Conclusions: DCQD can improve the gastrointestinal motility in MODS. The mechanism may be related to the effect of repairing the damages in the network of enteric nerve-ICC-SMC.  相似文献   

2.
There is evidence that the cholinergic system positively modulates growth hormone (GH) secretion. In the present study, we observed the effects of cholinergic enhancement by pyridostigmine (PD), a cholinesterases inhibitor, on GH release in both normal (n = 13) and GH deficient children and adolescents (n = 10). Responses of GH to insulin hypoglycemia (Ins) were also observed. In the normal subjects, PD-induced serum GH peak level was significantly higher than that induced by Ins (P less than 0.01), while the GH level in the patients with pituitary dwarfism showed no increase in both tests. This study indicates that PD test may be considered a sensitive dynamic test in evaluating pituitary function of GH secretion in children and adolescents.
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3.
In view of the complex etiology and pathogenesis, the mortality of acute lung injury remains high, which seriously threaten human health and affect the quality of life. Studies in recent years found that cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) played an important role in the course of systemic inflammatory reaction. Its mechanism is related to inhibit the inflammatory response synthesis by suppressing vagus nerve to release proinflammatory cytokines. As a central player in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) can negatively regulate ALI caused by many factors. The present review focuses on the anti–inflammatory mechanism of acute lung injury.  相似文献   

4.
Background The nervous system, through the vagus nerve and its neurotransmitter acetylcholine, can down-regulate the systemic inflammation in vivo, and recently, a role of brain cholinergic mechanisms in activating this cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been indicated. Galanthamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor and one of the centrally acting cholinergic agents available in clinic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of galanthamine on circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis and the possible role of the vagus nerve in the action of galanthamine. Methods Rat models of lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis and bilateral cervical vagotomy were produced. In the experiment 1, the rats were randomly divided into control group, peritonitis group, and peritonitis groups treated with three dosages of galanthamine. In the experiment 2, the rats were randomly divided into sham group, sham plus peritonitis group, sham plus peritonitis group treated with galanthamine, vagotomy plus peritonitis group, and vagotomy plus peritonitis group treated with galanthamine. The levels of plasma TNF-α were determined in every group. Results The level of circulating TNF-α was significantly increased in rats after intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin. Galanthamine treatment decreased the level of circulating TNF-α in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis, and there was significant difference compared with rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis without treatment. The 3 mg/kg dosage of galanthamine had the most significant inhibition on circulating TNF-α level at all the three tested doses. Galanthamine obviously decreased the TNF-a level in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis with sham operation, but could not decrease the TNF-α level in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis with vagotomy. Conclusion Cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine has an inhibitory effect on TNF-α release in rats with Iipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis, and the vagus nerve plays a role in the process of the action of galanthamine.  相似文献   

5.
This study evaluated the oral toxicity of pyridostigmine bromide in Sprague-Dawley rats when administered for 13 weeks by daily gavage. Groups of 10 rats/sex received doses of 0, 5, 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg/day. Toxicity was limited to exaggerated cholinergic stimulation at doses of 15 mg/kg/day or greater. Significant findings included tremors and inhibition of RBC acetylcholinesterase. Thus, 5 mg/kg/day of pyridostigmine bromide appears to be the no observed toxic effect level under the conditions of the present investigation.  相似文献   

6.
7.
The cholinergic system plays an importantrole in the control of heart rate and myocardialcontractility[1] .The inotropic and chronotropic ef-fects are partly regulated by the cytosolic Ca2 + lev-el( [Ca2 + ]i) .Muscarine receptor agonist,Arecol-ine ( Are) ,is a kind of alkaloid extracted from theseeds of areca.It had been reported that Are hadnegative inotropic and negative chronotropic effectson isolated guinea pig atria[2 ] ,but its effects oncalcium mobilization was unclear. In order to i…  相似文献   

8.
The highly specific ligand of the N-acetylcholine receptor(N-AChR),alpha-bungarotoxin,was used to determine the effect of soman,sarin and VX onN-AChR of the diaphragm and extensor digitorum Iongus muscle of mice andrats.The effects of the three anti-cholinesterase agents on N-AChR weredifferent.Sarin did not act directly on N-AChR and cause a change in the numberof N-AChR.VX decreased the binding sites of the receptor by binding with N-AChRdirectly.The LD_(50)was 0.054mg/kg in mousse.Soman increased the binding sites,e.g.1~1.5 LD_(50)soman increased the number of N-AChR of mouse diaphragm by 25%.The peak increaseof N-AChR was reached 0.5 h after poisoning and could last 96h.The receptornumber was still 22% higher than that of the control on the fourth day aftersoman poisoning in rats.Soman mainly increased the number of extrasynapticN-AChR,leading to the enhancement of sensitivity of cholinergic effectors toacetylcholine(ACh),which is similar to the hypersensitiveness resulting fromdenervation.These findings are of significance in probing the receptor mecha-nisms and treatment of soman poisoning.  相似文献   

9.
Objective To better understand the cholinergic receptors in vestibular hair cells (VHC) an d their subtypes, and to investigate the effects of cholinergic agonists on intr acellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i) ) in guinea pig VHCs.Methods VHCs were isolated from guinea pig crista ampullaris by enzymatic and mechanical methods. The effect of cholinergic agonists on [Ca(2+)](i) was examined using laser scanning confocal microscopy and the Ca[2+] sensitive dye Fluo -3.Results The results showed that the addition of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol (CCh), muscarnic and nicotinic agonists, induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases in all th e VHCs, whereas acetylcholine bromide (ACh-Br), a nicotinic agonist, induced th e [Ca(2+)](i) increase in only a small percentage of VHCs. The ACh or CC h-induced Ca[2+] response could be partially suppressed by atropine. In th e presence of 0.1 mmol/L atropine, the amplitudes of ACh or CCh-induced [Ca(2+)](i) responses became significantly smaller than those in atropine free medium (P<0.01). Conclusions The results suggest the existence of cholinergic receptors in guinea pig VHCs. It is the muscarnic agonists rather than nicontic receptors that dominate [Ca(2+)](i) variation. Atropine can suppress muscarnic agonist-induced Ca[2 +] responses.  相似文献   

10.
Astrocytes are implicated in the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen deprivation and oxidative stress act synergistically to accelerate the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Long-term D-galactose injection combined with ovariectomy may serve as a rodent model for Alzheimer's disease. To address the potential contribution of astroglia to the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, we investigated pathological and biochemical alterations of astrocytes under this animal model. Ovadectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 2 weeks showed extensive localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astrocytes and slightly elevated glutathione levels in the hippocampus without significant impairments in the water maze test and deficits of the cholinergic analyses, compared to the saline-injected rats. Ovariectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks, however, exhibited degeneration of astrocytes and decreased glutathione levels in the hippocampus, accompanied with severe dysfunction of behavioral test and deficiency of cholinergic terminals. Electron microscopy further confirmed the pathological changes of astrocytes, especially in the aggregated area of synapse and brain microvessels. Consistent with degeneration of perivascular astrocytic endfeet, analysis of the horseradish peroxidase demonstrated an impairment of the blood-brain barrier permeability. These findings indicate that biochemical and pathological alterations of astrocytes may partially contribute to exacerbating neuronal deficits in the course of Alzheimer's disease. Restoring neuroprotective potential of astrocytes may be a useful therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.  相似文献   

11.
近年新生儿、婴儿、成人麻疹患者逐年增加,临床表现一般仍较典型,成年人麻疹患者全身中毒症状较重。麻疹抗体检测结果阳性是主要的诊断依据。麻疹发病的双相移位的机理可能是,免疫保护力不足,婴儿出生时麻疹抗体力低。孕期母传胎的麻疹抗体减弱,母经乳汁传给婴儿的抗体减弱,成人麻疹抗体水平逐年下降。预防措施是怀孕前给予育龄妇女麻疹疫苗接种,鼓励母乳喂养,麻疹疫苗计划免疫适当提前,在成人追加麻疹疫苗的免疫,加强病毒变异的研究等。  相似文献   

12.
目的以研究方法LiPA(Line Probe Assay)分析VacA等位基因的表达,了解幽门螺旋杆菌致病机理的理解。方法从三个不同城市87位进行胃镜检查患者的胃粘膜中培养出幽门螺旋杆菌,提取DNA,用LiPA方法分析VacA等位基因。结果(1)87位患者以sic(88.5%)和m2a(63.2%)分布为主,未发现s1b和s2;(2)混合菌株感染率为41.4%,远远高于西方国家,其中上海的混合感染率最高(62.5%),与北京(41.0%)和南宁(20.8%)相比具有显著性差异,P〈0.01;(3)北京、海、南京三个不同城市s1、m等位基因亚型分布率存在差异;(4)溃疡病和非溃疡病患者m1和m2的分布率没有显著性差异。结论我国幽门螺旋杆菌多重菌株感染率较高,不同的m基因型与消化性溃疡的发生无显著性相关。  相似文献   

13.
《中国现代医生》2019,57(36):77-79
目的探讨对上颌骨牙源性囊肿患者进行囊肿彻底刮除手术的临床疗效。方法对我科在2010年1月~2017年9月收治的73例上颌骨牙源性囊肿患者行囊肿彻底刮除手术治疗,对患者术区肿胀消退、术后伤口感染、伤口愈合、牙龈再附着、术后复发、骨质改建、骨质修复等情况随访观察。结果 73例患者术后肿胀消退时间为1~4 d。73例患者术后均未发生伤口感染,伤口均一期愈合。所有患者牙龈再附着情况好,术后均未见复发。术后未见并发症。骨质改建效果好,骨质修复的效果因影像学资料过少,缺乏客观依据,暂不下有效结论。结论对上颌骨牙源性囊肿患者进行囊肿彻底刮除手术,术后患者的恢复情况良好,值得在临床治疗上进行推广。  相似文献   

14.
尿液pH值对红细胞检验影响的探讨   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
[目的 ]通过尿液 pH值对红细胞检验影响的观察 ,更加科学、准确地诊断血尿和血红蛋白尿。[方法 ]采用干化学分析仪检测和尿液显微镜红细胞计数 ,观察 180例正常人尿标本加入正常人血标本后 ,不同 pH值 ,不同时间内 ,观察红细胞溶解情况。 [结果 ]pH <5 .5以下时 ,随着时间的延长 ,红细胞溶解现象明显。 1h后观察有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;2h后有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。[结论 ]pH <5 .5时对红细胞计数影响较大 ,易致红细胞发生溶解现象 ,出现假性血红蛋白尿 ,对血尿和血红蛋白尿很难区分 ,给临床诊断造成不便 ,更易引起漏诊和误诊。  相似文献   

15.
目的:提高十二指肠损伤的诊治水平,方法:回顾总结该院1999年-2001年间收治的十二指肠损伤7例临床经验。结果:合并其他腹部脏器损伤86%(6/7),单纯十二指肠损伤14%(1/7)。损伤部位以十二指肠降部为多占71%(5/7),水平部和球部各占14%(1/7),术后并发症发生率28%(2/7)、病死率14%(1/7)。结论:掌握十二指肠损伤的特点,早诊断、早手术、术中认真探查,掌握好检查指征,选择合理恰当术式,加强术后管理,可提高治愈率。  相似文献   

16.
醋柳黄酮缓释片的药动学初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:研究醋柳黄酮缓释片在家犬体内的药动学过程,测定其药动学参数,计算缓释片相对于普通片的生物利用度。方法:将实验动物分为两组,分别用醋柳黄酮缓释片和普通片进行口服给药,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆药物浓度,应用3P97软件求算药动学参数。结果:醋柳黄酮缓释片及普通片的tm ax分别为4.87 h和2.87 h,Cm ax分别为每小时0.46μg.L-1和每小时0.56μg.L-1,缓释片的相对生物利用度为111.7%。结论:醋柳黄酮缓释片与普通片均符合一室模型,缓释片与普通片具有生物等效性,且醋柳黄酮缓释片有明显的缓释效果。  相似文献   

17.
目的解决腰椎间盘突出症手术中神经压迫。方法对1980~1998年再手术资料进行统计分析,讨论分析再手术原因,再次手术前影像学检查,观察病理变化以确定再手术方法。结果对11例随访6个月~1年,优7例(68.4%),良3例(36.8%),差1例(2.8%)。结论初次手术前详细查体和分析X线片,术中用导尿管和神经剥离探查,尽量避免髓核遗留,手术范围不宜太大,尽量减少对软组织和脊柱结构的破坏,避免形成硬膜囊与神经根粘连而致单纯形疤痕。  相似文献   

18.
扩张兔皮肤超微结构的变化   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
目的:动态观察扩张兔皮肤超微结构的变化。方法:选用2--3kg新西兰大白兔64只,分为2大组,快速扩张组和常规扩张组,每组32只,每大组再分为4组,为扩张完成后即时、1周、12周、24周组。每组8只,其中4只为实验组,另4只植入扩张器不扩张作为对照组。透射电子显微镜观察各组皮肤超微结构的变化。结果:表皮扩张后经历--由扩张刺激引起的创伤至完全修复的过程。扩张后即时真皮中成纤维细胞大量增生,功能由静止转向活跃,胶原纤维碎裂成片,弹力纤维部分断裂,炎症细胞浸润;扩张后1周常规扩张组基底膜连续性基本恢复。显示成纤维细胞合成功能活跃。扩张后12周、24周,成纤维细胞趋于稳定、形态狭长,部分胶原排列紊乱,部分有似癜痕样改变。结论:扩张刺激可致兔皮肤创伤。扩张后真皮不可完全修复。  相似文献   

19.
目的观察芹黄素对大鼠缺血视网膜功能恢复的作用。方法30只Long-Evans大鼠用动脉结扎法造成视网膜缺血模型,其中治疗组20只腹腔注射芹黄素,对照组10只注射溶媒二甲基亚酚。用视觉电生理仪检查视网膜功能恢复情况。结果芹黄素治疗组视网膜功能恢复明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。结论芹黄素能促进大鼠缺血视网膜的功能恢复。  相似文献   

20.
阴道炎1236例病原检查分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对1236例阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物作直接镜检和病原菌分离培养检查;结果,细菌感染900例,念珠菌234例,滴虫102例。900例细菌经鉴定;葡萄球菌300例,阴道加特纳菌276例,淋病奈瑟菌170例,其它细菌124例。结果表明,葡萄球菌,阴道加特纳菌,淋病奈瑟菌是细菌性阴道炎最常见的致病菌。  相似文献   

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