体外应用不同方法培养破骨细胞的实验对比研究

目的:研究体外应用不同培养方法对所生成的破骨细胞数量及功能的影响?方法:体外采用3种方法培养破骨细胞:A组小鼠骨髓细胞中加入10 ng/ml 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)培养24 h,未贴壁细胞30 ng/ml M-CSF预诱导3 d后,50 ng/ml M-CSF + 100 ng/ml核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)继续诱导;B组小鼠骨髓细胞与小鼠颅骨成骨细胞以10∶1的比例混合培养,加入1 × 10-6 mol/L 前列腺素E2(PGE2)和1 × 10-8 mol/L 维生素D3(VitD3);C组小鼠单核巨噬细胞系RAW264.7中加入100 ng/ml RANKL诱导培养?检测每组细胞抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色情况及牙本质磨片吸收陷窝情况,Real-time PCR检测各组破骨细胞NFATc1?c-Fos表达情况?结果:各组细胞均有TRAP阳性多核破骨细胞生成,并在牙本质磨片上形成吸收陷窝?B组所形成的破骨细胞数量最多,C组次之,A组最少;B组骨吸收陷窝数目最多,陷窝总面积最大,A组其次,C组最差;B组NFATc1?c-Fos表达高于C组及A组,A组表达最差?结论:3种培养破骨细胞的方法相比较,B组在破骨细胞分化和吸收功能方面优于A?C组?A?C组相比较,A组培养的破骨细胞骨吸收功能更强,C组所培养的破骨细胞分化更佳?     

细菌脂多糖对破骨细胞发育的抑制作用研究

目的:寻找调节破骨细胞分化成熟的途径.方法:采用细胞核因子-KB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)体外诱导骨髓单核细胞分化为成熟破骨细胞的培养方法,在培养体系中加入不同浓度细菌脂多糖(LPS),用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色观察成熟破骨细胞形成情况;实时定量RT-PCR检测LPS处理后破骨细胞前体表达核因子-κB受体活化因子(RANK)和M-CSF受体mRNA.结果:LPS不能刺激骨髓单核细胞形成TRAP阳性的破骨细胞;减少了RANKL诱导的TRAP阳性破骨细胞形成数量;0.2ng/ml和20ng/ml LPS降低了30％和90％RANKL诱导TRAP阳性细胞形成数量(与未加LPS组比较,均P＜0.01);降低破骨细胞前体表达RANK和M-CSFR mRNA.结论:LPS能够抑制RANKL诱导的破骨细胞分化成熟,抑制破骨细胞前体表达RANK和M-CSFR,能够阻断其向成熟分化.     

小鼠破骨细胞骨髓诱导培养体系的建立

目的：建立一个有效的破骨细胞培养体系，为研究和防治骨溶解和骨质疏松症提供实验基础。方法：在无菌条件下取小鼠股骨、肱骨，收集骨髓细胞，分为对照组和实验组。对照组不加入细胞因子；实验组加入巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M-CSF）25ng／ml和骨保护素配体（RANKL）25ng／ml，进行破骨细胞骨髓诱导培养。观察比较两组抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）染色阳性细胞和骨吸收陷窝，并用扫描电镜观察骨吸收陷窝形态。结果：实验组破骨细胞数量多，功能活跃，与对照组比较，差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：本实验成功建立了小鼠破骨细胞骨髓诱导培养体系。     

两种不同细胞培养方法对破骨细胞分化及Notch2基因表达的影响

目的:探讨两种不同培养方法对体外破骨细胞分化的影响,分析破骨细胞分化过程中的关键信号Notch2分子的mRNA和蛋白表达水平的差异,为进一步破骨细胞功能实验奠定基础。方法:单独培养:从4周龄的小鼠腿骨骨髓腔分离骨髓细胞,巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)和破骨细胞生成因子(RANKL)诱导大鼠骨髓细胞形成破骨细胞;共培养:从4周龄的小鼠大腿骨骨髓腔分离骨髓细胞,与原代成骨细胞共培养,VitD3和前列腺素E2(PGE2)诱导。对获得的破骨细胞进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色和细胞计数,并测定破骨细胞分化过程中的关键信号Notch2分子的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:两种培养方法获得的破骨细胞均为TRAP染色阳性的多核巨细胞;共培养方法得到的破骨细胞数目为(240±36)个/孔,而单独培养法为(160±23)个/孔。共培养组Notch2分子mRNA表达水平为4.1±1.2,单独培养组为2.4±0.6,共培养组高于单独培养组(P<0.05),共培养组Notch2蛋白表达水平亦高于单独培养组。结论:与通过RANKL和M-CSF诱导破骨细胞分化的培养方法相比,利用成骨细胞和破骨前体共培养可诱导出更多的破骨细胞和高水平的Notch2表达。培养方法影响破骨细胞的数量和Notch2基因的表达水平。     

肿瘤坏死因子α对小鼠破骨细胞分化的影响

目的:在诱导破骨细胞分化的体外骨髓细胞培养系统中,研究破骨细胞分化因子(RANKL)存在和不存在的情况下,肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)对破骨细胞分化的影响.方法:选用小鼠巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)依赖性非附着性骨髓细胞,在含有25μg/L M-CSF和0,l,10,100μg/L TNF-α的α-MEM培养液中培养5 d后,观察抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色(TRAP)阳性多核细胞的形成;细胞在含有25 μg/L M-CSF和30μg/L sRANKL的α-MEM培养液中进行培养,比较加入和不加人10μg/L TNF-α培养4、5、6和9 d后,所形成的TRAP( )多核细胞的数目和骨吸收面积.结果:TNF-α在没有RANKL的情况下,不能诱导小鼠骨髓细胞形成破骨细胞.在RANKL存在的情况下,TNF-α可促进破骨样细胞的形成和骨吸收,但对破骨细胞分化的促进作用仅表现在培养的早期.结论:在RANKL存在的情况下TNF-α可促进破骨细胞的分化,但不能取代RANKL.TNF-α加速破骨细胞的形成,却并不延长其生存时间.     

核因子-κB受体活化因子配体诱导大鼠骨髓破骨细胞形成的实验研究

目的探讨核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)对成年大鼠破骨细胞生成的影响.方法培养依赖于巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)的大鼠骨髓巨噬细胞作为前体破骨细胞,观察在含RANKL和/或M-CSF的15%胎牛血清培养基中破骨细胞的生成情况.在盖玻片和牛股骨皮质片上培养1、3、5和7d后,利用形态学观察、TRAP染色以及骨吸收陷窝检测对破骨细胞的生成进行鉴定,并对生成的TRAP( )细胞进行计数和统计分析.结果当培养细胞在RANKL和M-CSF联合作用下,TRAP阳性染色的单核和多核破骨细胞可在3d内迅速形成,骨片吸收实验显示在第5天时骨片上出现明显的骨吸收征象;RANKL呈剂量依赖型诱导TRAP阳性细胞生成.结论在M-CSF的协同作用下,RANKL可明显诱导成年大鼠骨髓破骨细胞的生成.     

小鼠破骨细胞骨髓诱导模型的建立及功能观察

目的 获得大量高质量小鼠破骨细胞,为体外研究破骨细胞骨吸收功能提供丰富的细胞来源.方法 采用巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(maerophage colony stimulating factor,M-CSF)和破骨细胞分化因子(receptor activator of nuclearfactor-κB ligand,RANKL)诱导小鼠骨髓单核细胞分化为破骨细胞,并通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phos-phatase,TRAP)染色和骨吸收实验来鉴定破骨细胞及其噬骨能力.结果 诱导3 d后可见TRAP( )多核细胞出现,诱导5 d后骨片上可见蓝紫色的吸收陷窝.随着培养时间的延长,TRAP( )多核细胞数目和吸收陷窝呈现时间依赖性增长趋势(P<0.05).结论 M-CSF和RANKL诱导小鼠骨髓单核细胞可产生大量的具有活跃噬骨能力的破骨细胞.     

ODF诱导骨髓细胞向破骨细胞分化

目的:研究小鼠骨髓细胞在破骨细胞分化因子(ODF)和单核巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)的诱导刺激下向破骨细胞诱导分化的新方法。方法:分离小鼠骨髓细胞,ODF、M-CSF诱导培养,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(T-ACP)阳性表达。结果:小鼠骨髓细胞在ODF和M-CSF作用下,表现为长梭形和圆形细胞增多,增大。体外培养6d,有多核T-ACP阳性细胞产生。结论:小鼠骨髓细胞在ODF和M-CSF共同诱导作用下分化成破骨细胞,为体外研究破骨细胞的分化发育和功能调节提供新方法。     

阿仑膦酸钠对人工关节磨损微粒刺激破骨细胞分化形成的影响

目的:观察二磷酸盐类药物阿仑膦酸钠对人工关节磨损微粒刺激破骨细胞分化形成的影响,探讨二磷酸盐防治人工关节无菌性松动的可能机制.方法:体外用巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)诱导小鼠骨髓造血干细胞分化为破骨前体细胞(osteoclast precursors,OCPs),然后用核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)和M-CSF两种细胞因子协同诱导OCPs向成熟破骨细胞分化,同时在培养体系中加入高分子聚乙烯微粒(103/ml)和不同浓度的阿仑膦酸钠(0.4、2.0、10.0、50.0 μg/ml),对获得的各组破骨细胞行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色计数阳性破骨细胞(核≥3)的数目;提取总RNA用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测TRAP mRNA的表达.结果:高分子聚乙烯微粒组TRAP阳性破骨细胞数目和TRAP mRNA的表达显著高于空白对照组(P＜0.05);阿仑膦酸钠组TRAP阳性破骨细胞数目和TRAP mRNA的表达均显著低于高分子聚乙烯组(P＜0.05),且随着阿仑膦酸钠浓度增高TRAP阳性破骨细胞数目和TRAP mRNA的表达呈递减趋势,组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:阿仑膦酸钠可以抑制人工关节磨损微粒刺激破骨细胞分化形成.     

钛合金颗粒存在下破骨细胞的体外诱导培养

目的 探讨钛合金颗粒存在下小鼠巨噬细胞体外诱导培养为成熟破骨细胞的方法.方法 获取小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞,采用巨噬细胞集落刺激因子依赖性前体细胞诱导法,于钛合金Ti-6Al-4V颗粒存在条件下进行诱导培养,培养后细胞行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）染色,RT-PCR法检测破骨细胞特异性TRAP、CK、CR mRNA表达;采用相同方法于骨片上诱导培养细胞并观察骨吸收陷窝.结果 Ti-6Al-4V颗粒存在下培养第6天细胞开始出现融合,第9天出现多核巨细胞,TRAP染色阳性,细胞内有破骨细胞特异性TRAP、CK、CR mRNA表达;于骨片上诱导培养的细胞可形成骨吸收陷窝.结论 钛合金颗粒存在下,成功将小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞体外诱导培养为成熟破骨细胞.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…