手术创伤引起的海马炎症反应对老年小鼠术后认知功能的影响

目的:探讨手术创伤引起的海马炎症反应对老年小鼠术后认知功能的影响。方法:96只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组(NS组)、麻醉组(Ane组)、假手术组(Sham组)和手术组(Sur组)4组(n均为24)。使用Morris水迷宫进行认知功能测试。测试完毕后,采用Western blot和Real Time RT-PCR检测海马IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达水平。结果:术后第1、3、7天,4组动物目标象限停留时间百分比及1min内穿台次数差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且Sur组低于其他3组;4组动物海马IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α蛋白及mRNA的表达差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001),Sur组较其他3组表达上调。结论:手术创伤能够引起老年小鼠术后认知功能障碍,其机制可能与术后海马组织中IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α的表达上调有关。     

糖尿病大鼠认知功能及海马组织GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α和Aβ表达

目的 研究糖尿病大鼠认知功能的变化及其海马组织胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、IL-1β、TNF-α和β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的表达,探讨糖代谢异常在阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病中的可能作用.方法 30只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组和模型组.模型组大鼠腹腔注射链脉佐菌素诱导建立糖尿病大鼠模型,随后根据建模后时间分为模型4、6、8周组.穿梭箱实验、Morris水迷宫实验检测各组大鼠认知行为学改变;ELISA法、Western blotting和免疫组化法检测各组大鼠海马组织GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α和Aβ表达,并进行相关性分析.结果 与正常组和假手术组比较,各模型组大鼠遭受电击次数显著增加,而主动逃避次数显著减少;学习和记忆潜伏期显著增加;组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).模型组大鼠海马GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α、Aβ表达明显增加,与正常组和假手术组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).上述检测指标在各模型组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).相关性分析表明,Aβ表达与记忆潜伏期呈显著正相关;GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α表达与Aβ表达呈显著正相关.结论 糖尿病大鼠认知功能受损,其程度与Aβ表达呈正相关;糖尿病大鼠海马组织GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α表达与Aβ表达均显著增高,且呈正相关.糖代谢异常可能通过激活星形胶质细胞释放炎症因子使Aβ表达增加而参与AD的发病.     

糖尿病大鼠认知功能及海马组织GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α和Aβ表达

目的 研究糖尿病大鼠认知功能的变化及其海马组织胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、IL-1β、TNF-α和β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的表达,探讨糖代谢异常在阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病中的可能作用.方法 30只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组和模型组.模型组大鼠腹腔注射链脉佐菌素诱导建立糖尿病大鼠模型,随后根据建模后时间分为模型4、6、8周组.穿梭箱实验、Morris水迷宫实验检测各组大鼠认知行为学改变;ELISA法、Western blotting和免疫组化法检测各组大鼠海马组织GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α和Aβ表达,并进行相关性分析.结果 与正常组和假手术组比较,各模型组大鼠遭受电击次数显著增加,而主动逃避次数显著减少;学习和记忆潜伏期显著增加;组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).模型组大鼠海马GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α、Aβ表达明显增加,与正常组和假手术组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).上述检测指标在各模型组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).相关性分析表明,Aβ表达与记忆潜伏期呈显著正相关;GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α表达与Aβ表达呈显著正相关.结论 糖尿病大鼠认知功能受损,其程度与Aβ表达呈正相关;糖尿病大鼠海马组织GFAP、IL-1β、TNF-α表达与Aβ表达均显著增高,且呈正相关.糖代谢异常可能通过激活星形胶质细胞释放炎症因子使Aβ表达增加而参与AD的发病.     

慢性捆绑应激致大鼠学习记忆受损及海马胶质细胞GFAP表达的变化

目的探讨星形胶质细胞在应激过程中的作用。方法大鼠随机分成应激组和正常组 ,应激组大鼠每天捆绑 6h ,持续 2 1d ,第 2 2d采用Y迷宫测试两组大鼠空间学习记忆能力 ,用免疫组织化学方法测定其海马胶质细胞GFAP的表达。结果应激组大鼠学习记忆能力下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其海马胶质细胞GFAP阳性细胞数比正常组显著增多 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论提示海马星形胶质细胞可能参与了学习记忆过程     

宁泌泰胶囊改善慢性前列腺炎引发疼痛的研究

  目的  研究宁泌泰(NMT)胶囊改善慢性前列腺炎引发疼痛的作用及潜在机制。  方法  将50只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、NMT低剂量组、NMT中剂量组、NMT高剂量组, 每组10只。造模后低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给药6、12、18 g·kg-1NMT溶液, 空白组、模型组灌胃等量的生理盐水。采用热辐射甩尾法和热板法进行行为学检测; 免疫组化法检测各组前列腺神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量; qPCR法检测前列腺组织中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β mRNA的相对表达量; ELISA法检测前列腺组织中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α表达水平; Western blot法检测p-ERK/ERK、p-JNK/JNK、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK蛋白表达水平。  结果  与模型组比较, NMT低、中、高3个剂量组小鼠的热板法和甩尾法所测定痛阈值均显著提高(P < 0.01,P < 0.001), 前列腺组织中GFAP和TNF-α表达量明显降低(P < 0.05),TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的mRNA水平均显著降低(P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.001), p-ERK/ERK、p-JNK/JNK、p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK蛋白水平显著降低(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。  结论  NMT胶囊可能通过抑制炎性介质的释放和星形胶质细胞的激活, 发挥对慢性前列腺炎引起小鼠疼痛的抑制作用。      

米诺环素对神经病理性疼痛大鼠海马促炎性细胞因子表达的影响

目的 观察米诺环素对腰5脊神经横断(L5-SNT)所致神经病理性疼痛大鼠模型海马水平TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达变化的影响。方法 将雄性SD大鼠36只完全随机法分成4组,即正常组(Z组)、假手术组(J组)、模型+生理盐水组(MS组)及模型+米诺环素组(MM组),每组9只。MS组、MM组进行SNT神经病理性疼痛大鼠模型建立,而后MM组每天给予米诺环素40mg/kg腹腔内注射,而MS组给予同等剂量的生理盐水腹腔内注射。术后观察各组大鼠行为学变化并于术前1天及术后1～11天测定大鼠机械缩足阈值(PWT);选择术后第2、7、11天随机取每组动物处死,应用实时PCR法检测大鼠海马水平TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6的表达。结果 (1)行为学检测:与术前1天比较,MS组与MM组大鼠出现明显的机械性痛觉过敏(P＜0.05),而与MS组比较,MM组大鼠机械性痛觉过敏得到明显改善(P＜0.05)。(2)促炎性细胞因子变化:与J组比较,MS组大鼠海马TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达上调(P<0.05),而与MS组比较,MM组大鼠海马TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达均有不同程度的下降(P＜0.05)。结论 米诺环素具有明显的镇痛作用,其作用机制可能与抑制海马中TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6的表达及释放有关。     

鞘内注射AG-490对骨癌痛小鼠脊髓水平星形胶质细胞活化和热痛觉的影响

目的：探讨脊髓水平IL-6-酪氨酸激酶-2( Janus kinase 2,JAK2)信号通路调控星形胶质细胞活化的机制及其 对骨癌痛的影响。方法：将NCTC 2472纤维肉瘤细胞注入C3H/HeNCrlVr雄性小鼠股骨骨髓腔制作骨癌痛模型,以 不含纤维肉瘤细胞的等体积α-MEM培养基行骨髓腔内注射制作假手术模型。采用热缩足反射潜伏期(paw withdrawal latency,PWL)评估疼痛水平。取腰段脊髓组织(L3~L5水平),分别应用Real-time RT-PCR和Western印迹检测脊髓水平 星形胶质细胞中纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)和JAK2 mRNA与蛋白表达变化。鞘内注射给予JAK2 拮抗剂AG-490,观察小鼠痛行为学及脊髓水平GFAP mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果：骨癌痛模型组小鼠术后10, 14,21 d的PWL均较假手术组显著缩短(P<0.05);骨癌痛模型组的脊髓组织GFAP和JAK2 mRNA和蛋白表达显著增加 (P<0.05);鞘内注射30或90 nmol AG-490可以显著缩短骨癌痛模型组小鼠PWL,同时可以抑制脊髓组织GFAP mRNA和 蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。结论：脊髓水平IL-6-JAK2信号通路可能在骨癌痛的维持中发挥重要作用;IL-6-JAK2信号转导通 路可能通过抑制星形胶质细胞的活化来发挥镇痛作用。     

胆南星拮抗热性惊厥模型小鼠脑组织损伤及炎症的作用研究

  目的  研究胆南星拮抗热性惊厥模型小鼠脑组织损伤及炎症的药效作用。  方法  采用干酵母混悬液及戊四氮溶液构建热性惊厥小鼠模型, 考察不同剂量胆南星水提物对模型小鼠肛温、惊厥潜伏期及惊厥持续时间的影响, HE染色观察小鼠海马神经元形态, ELISA法检测小鼠血清cAMP、PGE₂水平, Western blot法检测脑组织COX-2、iNOS、γ-氨基丁酸A型受体(GABAAR)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)蛋白表达, qPCR法检测海马组织炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α mRNA表达。  结果  与模型组比较, 胆南星高剂量组能够降低模型小鼠肛温(P < 0.05), 延长惊厥潜伏期(P < 0.05), 缩短惊厥持续时间(P < 0.01), 上调GABAAR蛋白表达(P < 0.05);同时降低血清cAMP、PGE₂水平(P < 0.01), 改善海马神经元细胞形态学变化, 下调脑组织COX-2、iNOS、GFAP蛋白表达(P < 0.05), 降低海马组织炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α mRNA表达水平(P < 0.05)。  结论  胆南星具有良好的抗热性惊厥作用, 其机制可能与解热、拮抗脑组织炎症有关。      

P物质对脊髓星形胶质细胞活化和炎性因子IL-1β、TNF-α分泌的影响

目的探讨P物质(P substance,SP)对脊髓星形胶质细胞活化和分泌炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β的影响.方法 体外培养脊髓星形胶质细胞,施加SP刺激后分别应用RT-PCR和Western blot测定胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)mRNA和蛋白的表达,ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)分泌的变化.结果10-7mol/L SP的作用下,星形胶质细胞GFAP mRNA和蛋白的表达在0～72 h逐渐升高,与正常对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.01);SP在10-9～10-6mol/L浓度范围内呈浓度依赖性促进星形胶质细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-1β(12 h),与对照组有显著差异(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),但IL-1β在SP 10-6mol/L作用组下降,与对照组无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 SP刺激下脊髓星形胶质细胞明显活化,分泌炎性致痛因子TNF-α、IL-1β增多,表明周围慢性疼痛可能通过致痛递质SP介导下星形胶质细胞的活化引起脊髓中枢神经炎性痛.     

酒精中毒对小鼠海马星形胶质细胞表达GFAP及学习记忆的影响

目的:研究不同剂量酒精组小鼠海马胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达并探讨其意义。方法:用不同剂量的酒精(12.5%、25%和50%)灌喂8周龄雌性小鼠,用Morris水迷宫测试小鼠学习记忆功能,用免疫组织化学染色观察星形胶质细胞表达GFAP的状态。结果:高、中剂量组小鼠游泳轨迹为随机性,潜伏期延长;高、中剂量组海马GFAP表达增强,星形胶质细胞数目增多及面密度升高。结论:GFAP表达增强、胶质细胞增生可能与酒精中毒引起的学习记忆减退有关。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…