急性脑血管意外合并肺部感染患者相关因素分析

目的：探讨急性脑血管意外合并肺部感染的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析840例急性脑血管意外患者临床资料,对合并肺部感染及无肺部感染患者可能影响肺部感染的相关变量进行单因素分析与Logistic回归分析。结果：840例急性脑血管意外患者,发生肺部感染60例（5.04%）;单因素分析结果显示年龄大、合并其他疾病、昏迷、夏季、出血性脑血管疾病、侵袭性操作、长时间应用糖皮质激素及抑酸剂、预防性应用抗生素、长时间卧床10个变量是肺部感染的危险因素（P〈0.05）,以肺部感染为应变量,其他统计量为自变量赋值后进行进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示肺部感染独立危险因素为：年龄大、合并意识障碍、实施侵袭性操作、预防性应用抗生素,其OR值分别为3.34、3.12、2.98、2.76。结论：急性脑血管意外患者合并肺部感发生率较高,是多因素综合作用的结果,应针对相关因素采取相应措施避免。     

急性脑血管病医院感染临床特征与预防

目的探讨急性脑血管病医院感染的临床特征及预防对策。方法回顾性分析338例急性脑血管病患者临床资料,统计急性脑血管病医院感染发生率、感染部位、高危因素对预后的影响。结果286例患者发生医院感染39例,感染率为13.36％。医院感染主要与高龄、住院时间、意识障碍、侵袭性操作等因素有关。预防性应用广谱抗生素,并不能降低感染率。主要感染部位为呼吸道,病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌和真菌为主。结论急性脑血管病为医院感染易感人群,高龄、住院时间、意识障碍、侵袭性操作是主要高危因素,应重点监控和防治。     

神经内科患者合并下呼吸道感染的因素研究

目的探讨神经内科合并下呼吸道感染患者的相关危险因素,为预防医院感染提供依据。方法对2008年1月-2010年12月在我院住院的268例神经内科合并下呼吸道感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性调查分析,并选择250例未感染的患者作为对照组,对两组患者可能感染的相关变量进行单因素分析与Logistic回归分析。结果相关变量的单因素检验10个变量是影响医院感染的危险因素（P〈0.05）,主要包括年龄、基础疾病、不良生活习惯、意识障碍、侵入性操作、抑酸剂、糖皮质激素、脱水剂、抗菌药物、住院时间等。神经内科医院感染的危险因素有严重的基础疾病、年龄大、意识障碍、侵入性操作、抗生素的不合理使用（OR值分别为3.356、2.853、2.564、2.313、2.142）等。结论对神经内科住院患者医院感染应采取综合预防措施,应针对危险因素重点处理。     

剖宫产术后切口感染危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨引起剖宫产术后切口感染的危险因素.方法 44例剖宫产切口感染产妇作为观察组,按1∶2随机选择无切口感染剖宫产产妇88例作为对照组.对相关感染危险因素先进行单因素χ2检验,然后进行非条件Logistic回归模型分析,从而进行危险因素多元分析.结果 单因素分析共筛选出15个因素与切口感染有关(P＜0.05);Logistic分析筛选出4个主要的危险因素:手术操作持续时间长、腹部脂肪厚度≥4 cm、合并其他基础疾病、生殖道感染,其OR值分别为3.48、3.13、2.97、2.67.结论 剖宫产术后切口感染是多因素综合作用的结果,应针对上述因素预防和控制切口感染的发生.     

急性阑尾炎术后切口感染危险因素的logistic回归分析

目的：探讨引起急性阑尾炎术后切口感染的相关因素及预防。方法：分析急性阑尾炎105例腹部手术切口感染患者和无感染的急性阑尾炎210例患者的临床资料,对可能影响切口感染的因素资料进行单因素分析与Logistic回归分析。结果：单因素分析共筛选出15个因素与切口感染有关;经过Logistic回归分析探查切口、皮下脂肪≥2cm、合并基础疾病、逆行法切除、阑尾化脓、坏疽、穿孔切口感染的危险因素。结论：急性阑尾炎术后切口感染是多因素综合作用的结果,应针对上述因素预防和控制切口感染。     

脑血管病患者医院感染分析

目的:了解脑血管病患者并发医院感染的危险因素,探讨脑血管病患者并发医院感染的相关危险因素.方法: 回顾性分析了2000年1月至2006年12月我院收治的脑血管病患者346例,选取其中出现医院感染的病例,分别记录相关资料.结果:脑血管病患者发生医院感染共61例(17.63%),感染菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主(59.02%),感染部位以下呼吸系统感染最常见(36.07%),其次是尿路感染(36.07%);年龄越大、意识障碍程度越重、住院天数越长、进行导尿等侵袭性操作的患者,越易出现医院感染.结论:医院感染是脑血管病患者医院感染的常见并发症之一,脑血管病患者医院感染的相关危险因素为年龄、意识障碍程度、导尿等侵袭性操作、住院天数等.患者一旦出现医院感染,其预后则差.     

重型颅脑损伤患者医院感染危险因素分析

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤患者医院感染的特点和危险因素。方法对284例住院的重型颅脑损伤患者发生医院感染及危险因素进行回顾性分析。结果 284例患者中发生医院感染52例(发生率为18.31%)、79例次(例次发生率为27.82%),医院感染发生率与患者年龄、侵袭性操作、合并慢性基础疾病及使用抗生素、激素、抑酸剂关系密切。结论患者年龄、侵袭性操作、合并慢性基础疾病及使用抗菌药物、激素、抑酸药物是重型颅脑损伤患者医院感染的危险因素,控制危险因素是预防医院感染的有效方法。     

血流感染的危险因素分析及其与早期炎症因子相关性研究

目的 分析血流感染(BSI)流行病学的独立危险因素并探究炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8与BSI早期的关系,为BSI的预防和临床诊疗提供参考依据.方法 采用临床病例对照研究方法,用ELISA法测定BSI患者早期血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1 β、IL-8水平,并采用SPSS软件和多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析BSI与侵袭性治疗、合并严重基础疾病以及患者年龄、性别、住院天数、免疫力的关系.结果 患者进行侵袭性治疗,合并严重基础疾病,以及年龄、住院天数、免疫力均是BSI的危险因素.进行侵袭性治疗及合并严重基础疾病的患者发生BSI的几率更大(P＜0.01);患者的年龄越大,住院时间越长,免疫力越低,发生BSI的几率越大(P＜0.05);而性别与BSI无相关性(P＞0.05).与正常对照组比较,炎症因子TNF-d、IL-6、IL-1 B和IL-8水平在BSI早期明显提高(P＜0.05).结论 侵袭性治疗、合并严重基础疾病以及患者年龄大、住院时间长、免疫力低均是BSI流行病学的危险因素,为BSI的预防提供重要的参考依据;炎症因子TNF-d、IL-6、IL-1 β和IL-8在BSI早期起重要作用,可作为BSI早期诊疗的参考依据.     

引起ICU患者院内感染相关因素的多元回归分析

目的探讨ICU患者合并院内感染的影响因素。方法回顾性分析380例ICU患者的临床资料;以院内感染的患者为观察组,无院内感染者为对照组,比较两组患者年龄、性别、病程、合并其他疾病、急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅲ(APACHEⅢ)评分、血浆白蛋白水平、卧床时间;侵袭性诊治措施、抑酸剂应用、预防应用抗生素、住院时间等变量上的差异。结果 380例患者发生院内感染60例,单因素χ2、t检验10个变量是影响院内感染危险因素(P0.05),与性别构成无关,Logistic回归分析影响院内感染因素:年龄大、实施侵入性操作、APACHEⅢ评分高、预防性抗生素。结论 ICU患者院内感染发生率较高,是多种因素作用的结果,应积极治疗原发病;高龄患者加强支持治疗;掌握抗生素的应用指征;严格医疗器械的灭菌质量和无菌技术操作,尽量减少侵袭性操作。     

急性脑血管意外合并肺部感染的相关危险因素分析

目的:调查本院近年来临床急性脑血管意外合并肺部感染患者的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析本院就诊的急性脑血管意外同时伴有肺部感染的患者38例,同时匹配同一时段仅有急性脑血管意外的患者38例作为对照组,通过调查两组患者一般情况与可能影响发生肺部感染的相关因素。采用Logistic回归分析可造成急性脑血管意外后发生肺部感染的独立危险因素。结果:单因素Logistic回归分析,初步筛选出急性脑血管意外合并肺部感染与年龄、性别、吸烟、既往肺部疾病、吞咽困难、卒中累及脑区等因素相关性较高(P<0.05)。进一步采用多因素Logistic回归分析,最终进入模型的因素有年龄、吞咽困难、既往肺部疾病和卒中累及脑区(P>0.05)。结论 :年龄、吞咽困难、既往肺部疾病和卒中累及脑区是导致急性脑血管意外合并肺部感染的独立危险因素,临床上应密切关注,以防感染。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.