代谢综合征的代谢组学研究进展

随着人们生活方式及饮食习惯的改变,代谢综合征的患病率不断升高,已成为主要公共卫生问题之一.代谢综合征是一种病理生理和发病机制复杂的疾病,涉及人体众多代谢途径.代谢组学通过研究由疾病引起的代谢产物的变化规律探索疾病的发病机制,为代谢综合征研究提供了新的研究方法.对代谢组学进行了简要介绍,并对代谢综合征的代谢组学研究进展进行了综述.代谢组学能够通过对由疾病引起的代谢产物的响应进行分析,为筛选MS的生物标志物提供了线索,有助于更好地理解病变过程及机体内物质的代谢途径,为进一步探索MS发病机制奠定了基础.代谢组学作为一种反映人体病理生理状况变化的独特方法,能够为临床诊断和治疗提供即时反馈和指导.考虑到MS临床特征的多样性和发病机制的复杂性,筛选出一组代谢组学标志物并与临床特征相结合更能够提升对MS的预测能力,同时在个体层面上应充分考虑个体遗传和环境因素对疾病的影响.     

应用代谢组学技术研究中医证候的思路

探讨了应用代谢组学技术研究中医证候的思路,并对近年中医学者应用代谢组学技术研究中医证候的成就进行了介绍.认为代谢组学作为后基因时代一种全新的组学技术,在方法学上具有融整体、动态、综合、分析于一体的特点.符合中医的整体观特点.中医"证"是辨证论治的起点和核心,应用代谢组学技术可以分析中医证候的特异性代谢产物标志物,进而促进中医证候的客观化和证本质的的研究.     

代谢综合征的代谢组学研究进展

随着人们生活方式及饮食习惯的改变,代谢综合征的患病率不断升高,已成为主要公共卫生问题之一.代谢综合征是一种病理生理和发病机制复杂的疾病,涉及人体众多代谢途径.代谢组学通过研究由疾病引起的代谢产物的变化规律探索疾病的发病机制,为代谢综合征研究提供了新的研究方法.对代谢组学进行了简要介绍,并对代谢综合征的代谢组学研究进展进行了综述.代谢组学能够通过对由疾病引起的代谢产物的响应进行分析,为筛选MS的生物标志物提供了线索,有助于更好地理解病变过程及机体内物质的代谢途径,为进一步探索MS发病机制奠定了基础.代谢组学作为一种反映人体病理生理状况变化的独特方法,能够为临床诊断和治疗提供即时反馈和指导.考虑到MS临床特征的多样性和发病机制的复杂性,筛选出一组代谢组学标志物并与临床特征相结合更能够提升对MS的预测能力,同时在个体层面上应充分考虑个体遗传和环境因素对疾病的影响.     

中医药对轻微型肝性脑病代谢组学影响的研究现状

本文从中医辨证与代谢组学、中医药防治机制与代谢组学及轻微型肝性脑病(MHE)与代谢组学三个方面,综述了中医药对MHE代谢组学影响的研究现状.并在此基础上,提出对MHE的代谢产物,包括尿液、血液进行代谢组学研究,将为MHE早期诊断、辨证分型、有效抗MHE中药的发现提供新的切入点,进而为其诊断、治疗提供新的客观依据.     

代谢组学分析技术及代谢物鉴定

近年来,代谢组学技术在众多科学领域得到了广泛的应用。代谢组学研究的关键在于对大量小分子代谢产物进行快速、准确的分析鉴定,这在很大程度上依赖于相关技术的进步。磁共振、质谱、色谱以及毛细管电泳等技术的发展和联用,使得代谢组学的广泛应用成为可能。磁共振和质谱是代谢组学研究中最重要的两个技术平台,对代谢产物进行明确的鉴定是代谢组学研究的根本任务。本文就代谢组学相关分析技术及代谢物鉴定的研究进展作一综述。     

关于代谢组学的整合化发展中的问题和对策解析

代谢组学指的是通过研究小分子代谢产物来研究机体代谢的学科,目前被广泛的应用在医学和生物学领域.近年来,代谢组学的发展很快,它历经了外部整合、内部整合等多个发展阶段,但它却仍然面临一定的问题,比如数据库的建立、技术的局限性、外界因素的影响等等.只有对这些问题进行了解决,才能更好的对代谢组学进行研究.     

代谢组学技术在肿瘤标志物筛选中的应用

代谢组学技术是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的,对某一生物或细胞中所有内源性小分子代谢物质进行动态分析和定性定量研究的技术.文章对代谢组学的概念、技术平台、技术路线、统计学方法及其在肿瘤标志物筛选中的应用进行综述.     

浅谈代谢组学在中药现代化研究中的应用

代谢组学是在基因组学和蛋白质组学的基础上建立起来的、用于研究和分析生物系统的组学学科。近年来,使用代谢组学研究中药的方法逐渐得到了推广和使用。本文分析了代谢组学的概念和特点,并对代谢组学在中药现代化研究中的应用情况进行了探讨。     

基于LC-MS的代谢组学分析流程与技术方法

代谢组学是继基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学之后兴起的又一新的组学研究分支,但其研究技术方法一直以来都是影响代谢组学发展的瓶颈之一.超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS)技术结合化学计量学比较好地实现了对大量样品和微量代谢物的快速定性、定量分析,极大地推动了代谢组学的发展.本文按照代谢组学分析流程综述了LC-MS与化...     

基于代谢组学方法的中医证候研究进展

代谢组学方法是研究代谢组在某一时刻细胞内所有代谢物的集合并进行定性和定量分析,以寻找代谢物与生理病理变化的对应关系。中医证候是对机体病理状态的宏观概括,代谢组学研究内容则反映出宏观状态下机体的微观表现。近年来运用代谢组学方法对中医证候的研究取得了一定进展,现通过对近10年来国内外运用代谢组学方法对中医证候研究的文献进行综述,从运用代谢组学方法对中医证候进行的研究方向、成果与不足进行论述,并提出研究展望,为深入研究中医证候微观机制提供思路。     

Mucins and inflammatory bowel disease

There is a layer of mucus lining the gastrointestinal tract, which acts as both a lubricant and as a physical barrier between luminal contents and the mucosal surface. The mucins that make up this layer consist of a protein backbone with oligosaccharides attached to specific areas of the protein core. These areas are called the variable number tandem repeat regions. The degree of glycosylation of the mucins is central to their role in the mucus barrier. The oligosaccharides are variable and complex. It has been demonstrated that the degree of sulphation and sialylation and the length of the oligosaccharide chains all vary in inflammatory bowel disease. These changes can alter the function of the mucins. Mucins are broadly divided into two groups, those that are secreted and those that are membrane bound. The major mucins present in the colorectum are MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, and MUC4. Trefoils are a group of small peptides that have an important role in the mucus layer. Three trefoils have been demonstrated so far. They seem to play a part in mucosal protection and in mucosal repair. They may help to stabilise the mucus layer by cross linking with mucins to aid formation of stable gels. Trefoils can be expressed in the ulcer associated cell lineage, a glandular structure that can occur in the inflamed mucosa. There seem to be differences in the expression of trefoils in the colon and the small bowel, which may imply different method of mucosal repair.     

Congenital middle mesocolic hernia: A case report

Internal hernia is herniation of a viscus, usually in the small bowel, through a normal or abnormal aperture within the peritoneal cavity. Its incidence has been reported to be one to two per cent. Internal hernias are classified based on location, and the hernial orifice can be either congenital or acquired. Paraduodenal hernias are the most common type (53 per cent). Paraduodenal hernia is often a misnomer and is referred to as a mesocolic hernia. Left and right mesocolic hernias are common, while middle and transverse types are rare. We are reporting a rare congenital middle mesocolic hernia presenting as a complete transection of the small intestine due to blunt injury to the abdomen.     

The place of medicine in the American prison: ethical issues in the treatment of offenders.

In Britain doctors and others concerned with the treatment of offenders in prison may consult the Butler Report (see Focus, pp 157) and specialist journals, but these sources are concerned with the system in Britain only. In America the situation is different, both in organization and in certain attitudes. Dr Peter L Sissons has therefore provided a companion article to that of Dr Paul Bowden (page 163) describing the various medical issues in prisons. The main difference between the treatment of offenders in prisons in America and in Britain lies in the nature of the federal system which means that each state may operate a different system in a variety of prisons and prison medical services are as various. Nationally, the prison systems are 'structured to treat and cure the offender'. Therefore it follows that the prison medical officer is only one of the professionals concerned with this 'cure' of the offender. This principle also applies to any form of research: medical research in prisons is part of a programme which covers a wide field of social and judicial research. The prison medical officer (where there is one) has of course to look after sick prisoners, and the American idea of 'cure' is also expressed in the need for more corrective surgery where, for example, it is necessary to remove physical impediments to social rehabilitation. But a doctor is only found on the staff of those institutions which are large: in the smaller prisons there may be only first-aid facilities, and no specially appointed doctor in the community. Moreover medicines are often dispensed by medical auxiliaries who are sometimes prisoners themselves. Finally, in America prisoners are regularly invited to volunteer as subjects for medical and social research for which they are paid. In short, although it is hoped to 'cure' a prisoner he is a criminal first and a patient second.     

Advance directives in psychiatric care: a narrative approach

Advance directives for psychiatric care are the subject of debate in a number of Western societies. By using psychiatric advance directives (or so-called "Ulysses contracts"), it would be possible for mentally ill persons who are competent and with their disease in remission, and who want timely intervention in case of future mental crisis, to give prior authorisation to treatment at a later time when they are incompetent, have become non-compliant, and are refusing care. Thus the devastating consequences of recurrent psychosis could be minimised. Ulysses contracts raise a number of ethical questions. In this article the central issues of concern and debate are discussed from a narrative perspective. Ulysses contracts are viewed as elements of an ongoing narrative in which patient and doctor try to make sense of and get a hold on the recurrent crises inherent in the patient's psychiatric condition.     

Factors Influencing Computer Literacy of Taiwan and South Korea Nurses

Healthcare is experiencing a major transformation in its information technology base. Hospitals are adopting information technology (IT) to reduce costs and increase competitiveness. IT applications in healthcare are trending towards electronic patient records and even health records. Therefore, practices in nursing are also affected by IT. Many researchers have studied what computer literacy a nurse should possess, but have focused less on factors that actually impact computer literacy. The purposes of this study are to examine current computer literacy levels of nurses, and to indicate what variables influence their computer literacy. Taiwan and South Korea both implemented a national health insurance system, and used state-of-the art IT to provide higher volume and better quality of services. The data were collected from two case hospitals which are located in Taiwan and South Korea, respectively. By using a structured questionnaire, a total of 203 nurses responded; 104 from Taiwan and 99 from South Korea. The results revealed that personal innovativeness in IT, computer education, and age are significant factors that affected computer literacy levels. These factors serve as reference for administrators and executives in hospitals, or nursing educators seeking the data necessary to make decisions on curriculum.     

252例住院儿童麻疹临床流行病学特征分析

目的:探讨2年来儿童麻疹的流行、临床及实验室检查的特点,以期更好的预防和治疗麻疹。方法:对汕头潮南民生医院自2006年2月至2008年1月收治的252例麻疹的流行病学及临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:252例住院儿童麻疹中,男162例,女90例,男孩显著多于女孩,年龄3月-14岁,以幼儿及学龄前儿童发病率较高,1岁以内主要集中在5-9月龄;以农村人口及流动人口为主,占79.37%;有免疫接种史者仅34例,占15.08%,无免疫接种史者206例,占81.75%;有明确麻疹接触史者212例,占84.13%,反复到医院就诊而先后被确诊为麻疹者76例,占30.16%;临床以典型麻疹为主,并发症以麻疹肺炎最常见。结论:切实搞好计划免疫,消除免疫空白,保证免疫接种有效率,及时进行复种,在流行前期强化应急接种,加强隔离管理,是控制麻疹暴发流行、消除麻疹的有效措施。     

检验医学在亚健康诊疗中的应用展望

随着现代生活节奏的加快和生活压力的增大，越来越多的人处于一种介于健康与疾病之间的状态，现代医学称之为"亚健康"。亚健康状态如果持续时间过长且未被及时干预最终会发展成为疾病，因此识别亚健康状态并尽早干预对于预防疾病、保持机体健康状态具有重要意义。亚健康的检测方法有多种，利用医学检验技术通过实验室指标评估机体的健康状态是较为客观的评价方法。目前针对亚健康状态的实验室检测参数及参考值范围尚无明确标准，未来有望通过大数据分析结合机器学习实现对亚健康状态的科学评估。     

The ethics of experimental heroin maintenance.

In response to widespread concern about illegal drug use and the associated risk of the spread of HIV/AIDS, a study was undertaken to examine whether it was, in principle, feasible to conduct a trial providing heroin to dependent users in a controlled manner. Such a trial involves real ethical issues which are examined in this paper. The general issues examined are: should a trial be an experiment or an exercise in public policy?; acts and omissions; countermobilization; termination of a trial, and payment for drugs and for a trial. The specific issues examined are: selection of trial participants; privacy; issues for staff working on a trial; coupling the trial with other treatment, and issues for researchers. A number of alternative approaches to the various ethical issues are presented and discussed.     

Hepatic abscesses

Hepatic abscesses are potentially lethal diseases if early diagnosis and treatment are not instituted. They are prevalent all over the globe and pyogenic abscesses are predominant over amoebic. With better control of intra abdominal and systemic infections by a spectrum of antibiotics, aetiology of pyogenic abscesses are secondary to interventions and diseases in the biliary tree to a large extent today. The common organisms isolated are the Gram negative group. Amoebic abscesses continue to plague some regions of the world where hygiene and sanitation are questionable.