关于银纳米颗粒增强脑胶质瘤细胞放射敏感性的研究

目的：通过制备3组尺寸的银纳米颗粒来研究其增强脑胶质瘤放射治疗的效果。方法：采用柠檬酸钠还原体系制备20、50和100nm尺寸的银颗粒,通过扫描电镜来表征;检测3种尺寸的银纳米颗粒的细胞毒性以及确定保证细胞活性的安全剂量;通过MTT比色法和集落形成实验检测3组尺寸的银纳米颗粒对脑胶质瘤细胞放射治疗的效果;通过流式细胞术检测银纳米颗粒对细胞周期以及细胞放疗后凋亡率的影响。结果：20nm的银颗粒能够显著增强脑胶质瘤细胞的放射敏感性,50nm的银颗粒次之,而100nm的银颗粒无明显效应。结论：小粒径的银纳米颗粒能够增强脑胶质瘤细胞的放射敏感性,为临床放射治疗提供新的前景。     

葛根素纳米晶的制备工艺及其表征

目的 研究葛根素纳米晶的制剂处方、制备工艺及其对粒径的影响,并对葛根素纳米晶进行表征.方法 采用高压均质法制备葛根素纳米晶,以粒径为指标,考察稳定剂、药辅比、投料量、制备温度等参数对纳米晶制备的影响.在此基础上,考察干燥工艺对葛根素纳米晶固化的影响.采用扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电镜(TEM)进行葛根素及纳米结晶形态学的观察.结果 采用聚维酮K30作为稳定剂、药辅比为1:2、制备温度43℃以上时,可制得粒径为20~50 nm的葛根素纳米晶.投药量对纳米晶粒径没有显著性影响,投药量为10%(w/v)时,采用700 bar 5次的高压均质条件即可制得所需的纳米晶.冷冻干燥可以用于纳米晶的干燥.将葛根素制成纳米结晶之后,其外观由不规则状态变为圆整的球形.结论 所确定的葛根素纳米晶制剂处方与制备工艺条件可行,可有效地制备100 nm以下的葛根素纳米晶.     

化学共沉淀法制备纳米In2O3粉末

纳米In2O3粉末是一种用途广泛的多功能材料。以金属铟为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制得了氢氧化铟沉淀物。经过干燥,并且在不同温度下煅烧,可以制得纳米In2O3粉末。运用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、电阻测试等观测手段对粉末进行了表征。比较系统地研究了热处理温度对粉末性能的影响,得出最适宜的热处理温度为700°C。     

纳米材料对新生血管生成的抑制作用

新生血管生成在肿瘤的发生与转移、糖尿病视网膜病变、关节炎等疾病中发挥着重要作用,血管生成过程涉及多种细胞因子与信号通路.纳米材料是一种新型材料,具有许多独特的理化性质,文献报道纳米材料还具有抗新生血管生成作用.本文介绍了新生血管的生成过程及其分子机制,并重点讨论了金纳米粒子、银纳米粒子、氧化铜纳米颗粒、氧化锌纳米颗粒、碳纳米颗粒等纳米材料抗血管生成活性的研究进展,旨在为临床上抗血管生成治疗提供更多药物选择.     

聚苯胺纳米颗粒的制备及其电化学性能

以乙醇和水为混合溶剂,采用氧化法制备了纳米尺度的聚苯胺颗粒。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、循环伏安、恒流充放电及交流阻抗等测试手段对其结构和电化学性能进行了测试。研究了混合溶剂的比例对产物电化学性能的影响。结果表明：聚苯胺颗粒大小为50~100 nm;以制备的聚苯胺纳米颗粒为活性物质,在1 mol/L 的H2SO4 电解液中,当电流密度为5 mA/cm2 时,PANI电极的最高比电容达到492 F/g;当乙醇的体积分数较低时,聚苯胺纳米颗粒分散性较好,具有较高的比电容;当乙醇的体积分数逐渐升高时,聚苯胺纳米颗粒的分散性变差,相应的比电容降低。     

环糊精原位还原法制备银纳米粒子及其催化性能

利用环糊精（CD）在碱性溶液中原位还原硝酸银制得环糊精包覆的银纳米粒子,并通过透射电镜、红外光谱和紫外分光光度计对其进行表征。实验结果表明,在适当的pH和环糊精浓度下制备得到的银纳米粒子的粒径很均一,但是碱性过强（pH>12）或环糊精浓度太低（c_CD<0.025 mmol/L）会导致银纳米粒子团聚。在对硝基苯酚的还原实验中发现环糊精包覆的银纳米粒子具有很好的催化活性,而且β-环糊精和γ-环糊精包覆的银纳米粒子的催化活性高于α-环糊精包覆的银纳米粒子。     

电解法制备纳米NiAl2O4粉体

讨论了温度、(Bu4N)Br浓度对电合成镍、铝醇盐配合物的影响,以金属阳极溶解法在乙醇和乙酰丙酮混合溶液中(按Ni与Al电量比为1∶3)依次电解铝片、镍片,制得复合氧化物纳米粉体NiO-Al2O3的前驱体NiAl2(OCH2CH3)(8-y)(acac)y[acac为乙酰丙酮基].将含有前驱体的电解液控制pH=8.5直接水解形成凝胶,凝胶经洗涤,干燥后在350°C煅烧2h,制得纳米NiAl2O4粉体.采用红外、差热-热重分析、X-射线衍射、电子透射技术等手段对前驱体和纳米NiAl2O4进行了表征.实验表明温度控制在54～60°C,导电盐Bu4NBr浓度为0.040～0.045mol/L较为适合;电解法可以在350°C下制备得到纳米NiAl2O4粉体,平均粒径在20～30nm.     

四氧化三铁磁性纳米颗粒对人角质形成细胞超微结构的影响

目的 研究四氧化三铁(磁性Fe3O4)纳米颗粒对人角质形成细胞(HaCaT)超微结构的影响。方法 将不同浓度的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒悬液加入培养的HaCaT细胞中,在37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中共同孵育4 h,收集细胞进行常规透射电镜制样,在透射电镜下观察纳米Fe3O4颗粒进入细胞的方式及细胞超微结构的改变。结果 Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒平均粒径为12 nm。在不同浓度下Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒均能以吞噬的方式进入细胞,进入细胞后再从吞噬泡中释出,主要对其附近的线粒体造成影响,线粒体出现肿胀,线粒体嵴溶解。 结论 Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒主要对HaCaT细胞中颗粒附近的线粒体结构有损伤,且存在浓度依赖性。     

基于二茂铁/纳米金修饰碳糊电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

在碳糊电极上利用溶胶-凝胶法固定葡萄糖氧化酶,并用金纳米颗粒进行修饰,二茂铁作为电子传递介质,制作用于测量人体血浆中葡萄糖的生物传感器。实验结果表明:制得的葡萄糖传感器的响应时间仅为3 s,线性测量范围为3.4~17.7 mmol/L,通过金纳米颗粒的修饰,增大了检测的线性范围,提高了传感器的灵敏度,葡萄糖传感器的灵敏度从42.48μA/(mol.L-1)提高到1.157 6 mA/(mol.L-1)。     

微波等离子体法制备纳米钼粉

阐述用微波等离子法制备纳米金属钼粉的原理，探讨了此法制备纳米钼粉颗粒的工艺与影响因素，并以羰基钼为原料制得纳米级钼粉，平均粒径小于５０ｎｍ，还研究了钼粉在空气中的热稳定性。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…