应用抑制消减杂交技术构建肝癌差异表达基因消减cDNA文库

目的 构建肝癌及癌旁肝细胞差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库。方法 采用新近建立的抑制消减杂交方法,以肝癌组织及癌旁肝组织作为对比材料,分离肝癌组织中差异表达基因的cDNA片段,将其与T载体进行T／A连接构建文库,将连接产物用电穿孔法转化大肠杆菌进行文库扩半后,随机挑取100个白色克隆及菌落PCR进行鉴定。结果 扩增消减cDNA文库获得3000余个白色阳性克隆,随机挑取100个白色克隆用PCR进行扩增,95％的克隆中均有100－600bp的插入片段,这些片段可能是肝癌差异表达基因的cDNA片段。结论 用SSH法及T／A克隆技术成功构建了肝癌与癌旁肝组织差异表达基因消减cDNA文库,该消减cDNA文库的建立为进一步筛选,克隆肝癌差异表达的新基因奠定了基础。     

高胆固醇血症小鼠相关基因消减文库的建立

目的 构建高胆固醇血症小鼠cDNA消减文库.方法 以高胆固醇血症小鼠肝组织的eDNA为Teste,以正常小鼠肝组织的cDNA为Driver,应用抑制消减杂交技术(Suppression subtractive hybridization).构建正向消减文库,反之构建反向消减文库.结果 成功构建高胆固醇血症cDNA正.反向消减文库,利用葛落PCR技术鉴定文库的阳性克隆.结论 用SSH技术成功构建了高胆固醇血症小鼠差异表达基因消减cDNA文库,该消减cDNA文库的建立为进一步筛选.克隆高胆固醇血症小鼠差异表达的基因奠定了基础.     

肺癌诊断基因的初步筛选

目的 筛选肺癌细胞恶性转化不同时期差异表达的基因，以期用于肺癌的诊断。方法 应用抑制消减杂交技术(SSH)、测序、cDNA芯片(cDNA Miemarray)、northern blot。结果 利用SSH建立了永生化人支气管上皮细胞(BEP2D)恶性转化不同时期差异表达基因的cDNA文库，其中，A消减文库(BEP2D细胞的cDNA为tester，α粒子照射BEP2D细胞后35代恶性转化细胞R15Hp35的cDNA为driver)有416个克隆，B消减文库(α粒子照射BEP2D细胞后20代转化细胞R15Hp20的cDNA为tester，BEP2D和R15Hp35细胞的cDNA混合后为driver)有301个克隆，C消减文库(R15Hp35细胞的cDNA为tester，BEP2D细胞的eDNA为driver)有586个克隆。对文库中107个克隆单向测序发现：19个克隆在GenBank中没有查到对应的同源序列，其它88个克隆共代表了76个不同的已知基因。然后，将3个文库中全部克隆的cDNA制作成cDNA芯片，用该芯片筛选了15例肺癌组织、5例肺癌旁组织和其他8种癌组织(肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、白血病、子宫内膜癌、脑神经角质瘤和结肠癌)中mRNA的表达差异。结果，获得肺癌组织高于肺癌旁组织表达的eDNA26个，肺癌旁组织高于肺癌组织表达的31个，2者高于其他8种癌组织的分别为：肺癌旁组织中63个，肺癌组织中87个。将这208个具较大差异表达的基因重新制作成cDNA芯片，再选用临床上同一鳞癌病人鳞癌和鳞癌癌旁组织各1例与该芯片杂交，发现这些筛选出的基因的确在癌组织和癌旁组织中存在较大差异。结论 这些初步筛选出的差异表达基因有望成为肺癌诊断的侯选基因。     

高脂血症敏感兔肝组织差减cDNA文库的构建

目的：构建高脂血症敏感兔肝组织表达基因的抑制差减cDNA文库。方法：分别从兔高脂血症敏感组和非敏感组肝组织分离mRNA，合成双链cDNA，酶切后将敏感组cDNA分成两组，分别与不同的接头连接，再通过再轮差杂交和两次抑制PCR得到两者之间差异表达的cDNA，将PCR产物与T／A载体连接构建差减cDNA文库，挑取克隆进行PCR扩增鉴定，结果：建的差减cDNA文库包含500个克隆，其中463个有插入片段，大小范围在250－700bp之间。结论：用抑制性差减杂交及T／A克隆技术成功构建了高脂血症敏感免疫差异表达基因差减cDNA文库。     

抑制性消减杂交法构建甲状腺癌差异表达基因文库

目的：筛选并克隆在甲状腺癌组织与正常甲状腺组织之间差异表达的基因。方法：(1)应用抑制性消减杂交(SSH)进行基因差示表达分析,构建人甲状腺癌组织与正常甲状腺组织之间差异表达的cDNA消减文库;(2)克隆、鉴定甲状腺癌组织特异性高／低表达的基因;(3)登录Genbank,运用Blastn程序进行同源性分析。结果：成功构建了高消减效率的人甲状腺癌cDNA消减文库,对其中数个克隆的插入cDNA片段进行测序,经检索Genbank表明,正向SSH产物中有3个片段与来源于结肠上皮腺癌和Lung Epidermoid carcinoma的EST有100％同源性,提示它们来自恶性肿瘤相关基因。反向SSH产物中有5个片段为未知新序列,提示它们可能来自于在甲状腺癌中特异性低表达的新基因。结论：通过抑制性消减杂交技术,构建了人甲状腺癌cDNA消减文库,为下一步筛选鉴定甲状腺癌特异性基因及其全长克隆、功能研究等工作打下了基础。     

乳腺癌相关差异表达基因的筛选及分析

目的构建乳腺癌组织与癌旁正常乳腺组织差异表达的cDNA消减文库,筛选乳腺癌相关基因并进行分析。方法应用抑制性消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术对15对乳腺癌组织及正常癌旁乳腺组织进行差异基因的消减,构建cDNA消减文库,并转化大肠杆菌进行文库扩增,采用数字表法随机挑选克隆经PCR鉴定后,对200个阳性克隆插入片段的序列进行测定及同源性分析。结果建立了乳腺癌差异表达片段cDNA消减文库;通过测序和同源性分析,得到173个差异表达基因,其中26个与肿瘤发生发展相关;26个基因中有15个已被文献明确报道在乳腺癌组织或细胞中有差异表达。结论应用SSH技术成功建立了乳腺癌差异表达基因cDNA消减文库,为乳腺癌的发病机制研究及寻找潜在的治疗靶点提供了有力的支持。     

肝癌cDNA文库的构建和IGF—Ⅱ基因的克隆

以5例原发性肝癌组织的pay(A~+)RNA构建一个1×10~6的混合肝癌cDNA文库,并以正常人肝IGF-Ⅱ基因片段为探针筛选此文库,得到多个阳性克隆,从中再以一个较长片段的克隆作为探针对其它组织作Northern杂交分析,发现胎脯、胎肝及其它肝癌组织中的IGF-Ⅱ基因都有过量表达,而正常成年肝组织无明显表达。     

川北地区胃癌特异性表达基因的克隆

目的：构建胃低分化腺癌组织cDNA消减文库,筛选胃癌特异表达基因。方法：取胃低分化腺癌组织和癌旁正常黏膜组织,提取总RNA,逆转录cDNA,进行SSH构建消减文库获得序列标签,与载体连接、克隆、筛选、测序及同源性检索。结果：以癌旁正常黏膜组织为driver、胃低分化腺癌组织为tester成功构建cDNA消减文库,测序结果与公共数据库中已知基因和人类EST比较,获得5个特异性序列标签（NBPF1、FAM48A、RXFP2、ACTB和QDPR）。结论：应用SSH法成功构建胃低分化腺癌组织cDNA消减文库,初步筛选胃癌部分表达基因,为寻找川北地区胃癌发生发展的特异性基因奠定基础。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测原发性肝癌中CDK4基因的表达

目的：应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测原发性肝细胞癌中CDK4基因的表达。方法：提取手术切除人肝癌和癌旁组织总RNA并逆转录为cDNA。应用实时荧光定量PCR法观察人肝细胞癌组织及癌旁组织中cDK4的表达水平。结果：20例肝细胞癌标本中有18例肿瘤组织中CDK4基因表达明显高于癌旁肝组织，其中7例高出4倍以上。结论：实时荧光定量PCR可以准确定量测定基因的表达；CDK4基因在肝细胞癌的发生、发展中可能起重要作用。     

SSH和cDNA chip筛选辐射致气管上皮细胞恶转不同时期差异表达的基因

目的 筛选并鉴定α粒子辐射诱发永生化人支气管上皮细胞(BEP2D)恶性转化不同时期差异表达的基因。方法抑制消减杂交(SSH)，cDNA芯片。结果 利用SSH构建了BEP2D细胞3个恶性转化不同时期差异表达基因的文库，BEP2D细胞的文库有416个克隆，R15H20细胞的文库有301个克隆，R15H35细胞的文库有586个克隆，经cDNA Microarray验证发现：BEP2D细胞文库来源的芯片与3代细胞探针杂交后的阳性信号率为90、4％、21．6％和19、7％；R15H20细胞文库来源的芯片的阳性信号率为8．6％、93．8％和31．6％；R15H35细胞文库来源的芯片的阳性信号率为23．5％、18．2％和90、7％。结论 联合应用SSH和cDNA Microarray是筛选和鉴定不同样本中差异表达基因的快速和有效方法；经cDNA Microarray鉴定出的3个文库中差异表达的cDNA可能代表了α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化相关的基因。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.