地黄饮子对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及大脑皮层NO、NOS含量的影响

目的:观察地黄饮子对血管性痴呆(vascular denlentia,VD)大鼠学习记忆功能及其一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量的影响.方法:清洁级健康Wistar大鼠90只,雄性,体质量(200±20)g,随机平均分为6组:空白组、假手术组、模型组、安理申组、地黄饮子高剂量组、地黄饮子低剂量组.采用反复夹...     

盐酸甲氯芬酯对VD大鼠学习记忆及长时程增强的影响

目的:观察盐酸甲氯芬酯对血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠学习记忆能力的影响并探讨其神经生物学机制.方法:采用改良的4-VO法建立VD大鼠模型,用盐酸甲氯芬酯治疗,然后进行Morris水迷宫测试和在体海马齿状回长时程增强(LTP)检测.结果:盐酸甲氯芬酯组与模型组比,平均逃避潜伏期缩短、穿越平台次数增加,且高频刺激后的PS幅值、PS斜率明显增大,PS峰潜伏期缩短.结论:盐酸甲氯芬酯可改善VD模型大鼠学习记忆能力,易化VD模型大鼠海马齿状回LTP可能是其途径之一.     

化瘀通络灸对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力影响研究

目的:研究化瘀通络灸对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠的学习记忆能力的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为假手术组、VD模型组、西药组、艾灸组,每组12只。采用改良的2-VO法制备VD模型,造模7 d后,艾灸组大鼠"神庭""百会""大椎"悬灸20 min,西药组采用鼠神经生长因子腹腔注射,每日1次,7 d为1个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程;假手术组、VD模型组、时间与艾灸组平行但不做任何处理。3个疗程后采用Morris水迷宫实验评价各组大鼠的学习记忆能力。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠水迷宫实验第5天潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少,平台所在象限的时间所占比降低;与模型组比较,艾灸组和西药组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增多,平台所在象限的时间所占比增加。结果均有显著差异。结论:化瘀通络灸能够明显改善血管性痴呆大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

丁苯酞对血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能及海马细胞凋亡、磷酸化p38MAPK表达的影响

目的 观察应用丁苯酞对血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能、海马细胞凋亡及p38MAPK磷酸化的影响,以探讨其机制.方法 用两血管法（2VO）建立血管性痴呆（VD）模型.将60只3月龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成VD模型组、假手术组和丁苯酞组.丁苯酞组给予120 mg·kg-1·d-1的丁苯酞溶液2 ml灌胃,VD组和假手术组给予等量的2 ml植物油灌胃,1月后应用Morris水迷宫实验分别测试各组大鼠的学习记忆能力,TUNEL法检测海马CA1区细胞凋亡,蛋白印迹（Westem blot）法观察大鼠海马区p38MAPK磷酸化变化.结果 前3d丁苯酞组隐蔽平台逃避潜伏期[分别为（48.72±7.01）s,（42.41 ±4.06）s,（40.34±2.46）s],明显小于模型组隐蔽平台逃避潜伏期[（82.71±8.27）s,（80.36±9.65）s,（77.74±6.33）s],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;丁苯酞组原平台象限时间、穿越原平台次数[（26.45±4.66）s,（1.84±0.82）次],大于模型组原平台象限时间、穿越原平台次数[（18.67±5.39）s,（1.32±0.61）次],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.大鼠海马区细胞凋亡、磷酸化p38MAPK的表达（p-p38MAPK/β-action光密度值）的比较：丁苯酞组分别为[（153.65±9.85）个,（0.42±0.04）],明显低于VD模型组[（209.46± 11.49）个,（0.88±0.10）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 丁苯酞能显著改善VD大鼠的学习记忆能力,可能是通过抑制p38MAPK通路,进一步抑制海马区细胞凋亡而实现的,这可能是丁苯酞治疗血管性痴呆的作用机制之一.     

丹银提取物对VD大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的:探讨丹银提取物对血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠学习记忆的影响.方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为VD模型组、假手术组及丹银治疗组,采用改良的4-VO法建立VD模型大鼠,丹银治疗组术后给予丹银提取物灌胃治疗;用Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠的学习记忆功能,海马HE染色观察神经元变化.结果:与VD组比较,经丹银提取物治疗后,V...     

地黄饮子传统饮片汤剂与中药免煎颗粒冲剂对快速衰老小鼠行为学影响的实验研究

目的观察地黄饮子传统饮片汤剂与中药免煎颗粒冲剂对衰老肾虚处置小鼠学习记忆能力的影响,探讨地黄饮子免煎颗粒冲剂替代传统饮片的可能性。方法将小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组(D-半乳糖组)、地黄饮子饮片低、高剂量组(5,10 g·kg-1)、地黄饮子配方免煎颗粒低、高剂量组(5,10 g·kg-1),每日1次,连续6周。观察各组小鼠一般状态、检测其学习记忆能力。结果与正常组相比,模型组小鼠一般状态较差,地黄饮子饮片高剂量组和免煎中药颗粒高剂量组小鼠一般状态明显优于模型组;地黄饮子饮片高剂量组和免煎中药颗粒高剂量组小鼠学习记忆能力明显强于模型组(P0.01),且两组组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论地黄饮子免煎颗粒冲剂在减缓衰老肾虚处置小鼠学习记忆能力衰退方面与传统饮片汤剂相当,地黄饮子免煎颗粒可以替代其传统饮片。     

加减地黄饮子对Aβ1-40所致痴呆大鼠记忆能力和海马生长抑素水平的影响

目的 观察加减地黄饮子对β-淀粉样蛋白1-40(β-amyloid protein,Aβ1-40)诱导的老年性痴呆(Alzheimer's disease,AD)模型大鼠记忆障碍的改善作用及对海马组织生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)表达的影响.方法 采用SD大鼠大脑海马立体定向注射凝聚态Aβ1-40诱导AD动物模型.采用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠寻找平台所需时间以评价大鼠记忆能力及加减地黄饮子的干预作用.采用免疫组织化学染色和计算机图像分析技术测定海马区SS表达.结果 Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,与假手术组[(22.79±6.54)s]比较,模型组大鼠第6天平均逃避潜伏期[(38.52±9.97)s]明显延长(P＜0.05),而加减地黄饮子组大鼠潜伏期[(26.71±5.10)s]较模型组明显缩短(P＜0.05),但与盐酸多奈哌齐组[(24.49±5.57)s]比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).免疫组化结果显示,与假手术组比较(8.45±0.97),模型组大鼠海马区SS蛋白表达(2.98±0.14)明显减少(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,加减地黄饮子组大鼠SS蛋白表达(6.05±0.42)明显上调(P＜0.05),效应优于盐酸多奈哌齐组(3.79±0.29).结论 加减地黄饮子对AD模型大鼠的记忆功能减退具有改善作用,可能与增强海马神经元SS表达有关.     

邓铁涛教授健脑1方对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及NR2B mRNA表达的影响

【目的】探讨邓铁涛教授健脑1方对血管性痴呆（VD）大鼠学习记忆能力的影响,并从分子生物学角度探讨其作用机制。【方法】采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎法复制VD动物模型,将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、 VD模型组、中药高剂量组（剂量为57.6 g·kg－1·d－1）、中药低剂量组（剂量为14.4 g·kg－1·d－1）及尼莫地平组（剂量为5.4 mg·kg－1·d－1）,给药30 d后采用Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠的学习记忆能力,观察大鼠海马组织学改变,采用荧光定量法检测大鼠海马NR2B mRNA表达水平。【结果】水迷宫定位航行试验检测结果提示：第3天,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期显著延长（P<0.05）;第4天,中药高剂量组大鼠逃避潜伏期较模型组显著下降（P<0.05）。空间探索试验结果显示：60 s内中药高剂量组大鼠穿越平台的次数显著高于模型组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,各组停留在平台所在象限的时间与模型组比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。各组海马组织病理检查可见模型组大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞丢失,神经细胞核碎裂、核膜不清、核仁消失,神经细胞收缩,胞浆嗜酸性增强,胶质细胞反应性增生;中药高、低剂量组海马CA1区可见神经元细胞损伤,病变损伤程度均较模型组显著减轻。尼莫地平组、中药高剂量组NR2B mRNA的表达较模型组显著升高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;中药低剂量组有增高NR2B mRNA表达的趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。【结论】健脑1方可显著改善血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力,其作用可能与减少海马组织神经元损伤程度,上调海马NR2B mRNA表达有关。     

阿尼西坦对VD大鼠学习记忆功能和海马齿状回长时程增强的影响

目的:研究阿尼西坦(Ani)对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆功能和海马齿状回长时程增强(LTP)的影响.方法:设对照组、VD模型组、Ani组,改良Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法建立VD大鼠模型,Ani组在模型制备成功后用Ani 300 mg/(kg*d)连续灌胃4 w,3组大鼠水迷宫实验检测学习记忆能力,在体海马齿状回记录LTP观察学习记忆的电生理改变.结果:与VD模型组比较,Ani组平均逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P＜0.01),原站台象限活动时间明显延长(P＜0.01),穿越站台次数明显增多(P＜0.01);高频刺激(HFS)后PS潜伏期缩短程度明显增大(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),EPSP斜率、 PS幅值明显增大(P＜0.05或P＜ 0.01).结论:阿尼西坦通过影响突触可塑性的某些环节易化在体海马齿状回LTP的诱导和维持,这可能是其改善VD大鼠学习记忆能力的作用机制之一.     

乙酰胆碱对大鼠海马学习和空间记忆的影响(英文)

目的 探讨侧脑室注射乙酰胆碱对大鼠海马学习和空间记忆能力的影响. 方法 15只雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分为实验组、假手术组和对照组,每组5只.实验组和假手术组动物麻醉后经立体定位侧脑室注射分别给予乙酰胆碱和生理盐水,对照组则只对动物进行麻醉.术后4周观察在Morris水迷宫试验中动物平台逃避潜伏期时间和穿越平台的次数. 结果 在定位航行试验中,实验组、假手术组和对照组大鼠的逃避潜伏期分别为(6.06±0.85)s、(13.15±2.73)s和(11.77±2.00)s,实验组明显低于假手术组和对照组(P<0.05).在空间搜索试验中,实验组、假手术组和对照组在60 s内穿越平台次数分别为(7.4±0.51)次、(4.2±0.37)次和(3.6±0.51)次,实验组高于假手术组和对照组(P<0.05). 结论 侧脑室给予乙酰胆碱可提高成年大鼠海马的学习和空间记忆能力.     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of Careya arborea Roxb.

Objective

To study detailed pharmacognostic profile of leaves and stem of Careya arborea (C. arborea) Roxb. (Lecthyidaceae), an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine.

Methods

Leaf and stem samples of C. arborea were studied by macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical, fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO.

Results

Macroscopically, the leaves are simple, broadly obovate in shape, acuminate apex with crenate, dentate margin, petioles (0.1–1.8 cm) long. Microscopically, the leaf showed the presence of median large size vascular bundle covered with fibrous bundle sheath, arrangement of xylem in cup shape and presence of cortical vascular bundle, patches of sclerenchyma, phloem fibers in groups and brown pigment containing cells in stem are some of the diagnostic features noted from anatomical study. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells, xylem with pitted vessels and epidermis with anisocytic stomata. The investigations also included leaf surface data; quantitative leaf microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying, swelling index, extractive values and ash values were also determined and results showed that total ash of the stem bark was about two times higher than leaf and water soluble extractive value of leaf and stem bark was two times higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids.

Conclusions

The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

Phytochemical and anti-bacterial activity of epidermal glands extract of Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev.

Objective

To study the morphology, biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica (C. parasitica) (L.) H. Lev.

Methods

Morphological studies on epidermal glands were carried out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. To prepare the extract, the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone. For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.

Results

Detailed micromorphological, phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. showed its intraspecific variation in antibacterial activity. The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species. The epidermal glands were orange-coloured, stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2 µm × 45 µm, and distributed on the undersurface of costa, costules and veins in croziers, young and mature leaves. Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers. The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids in it.

Conclusions

The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. have several bioactive compounds and such rare morphovariant should be conserved in nature. The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.