机器人单孔腹腔镜下行猪肾部分切除术及肾盂输尿管成形术的初步尝试

目的初步尝试机器人单孔腹腔镜下行猪肾部分切除术及肾盂输尿管成形术,评估机器人单孔腹腔镜下行泌尿外科重建手术的可行性和不同通道技术的人机工程学效果,总结操作经验。方法猪肾部分切除术:完全侧卧位,平脐水平,沿腹直肌外缘切开4 cm长皮肤切口,钝性分离皮下脂肪,以气腹针建立气腹。按菱形将4个套管置入腹腔,其中左右为8mm的达芬奇机器人金属套管,上下为Surgiquest 10 mm无阀套管。安装机器人臂后,按常规完成肾部分切除术,肾脏缺损采用"滑夹"的无结技术进行全层水平褥式缝合关闭。肾盂输尿管成形术(UPJ):改用Surgiquest新型无阀单孔通道,切口两侧置入8 mm的机器人金属套管。观察镜接12 mm普通腹腔镜套管后,置入单孔通道内,按常规完成UPJ成形术。结果完成肾部分切除术2例,通道建立时间分别为5、8 min,机器人系统安装时间为11、9 min,手术操作时间为55、42 min,温缺血时间23、18min,出血50、20 ml。完成肾盂输尿管成形术2例,通道建立时间为17、12 min,机器人安装时间为5、4 min,手术操作时间为32、25 min,出血均为0 ml。结论机器人单孔腹腔镜手术在合理安置通道后,能顺利完成泌尿外科高难度重建手术;专用机器人单孔通道可获得更理想的人机工程学效果。     

经腹单孔多通道联合末端可弯3D腹腔镜行猪肾部分切除术的初步尝试

目的 初步尝试经腹单孔多通道联合末端可弯3D腹腔镜行猪肾部分切除术,介绍用猪作为单孔腹腔镜肾部分切除术动物模型的经验和体会,探讨其可行性,总结操作难点,并总结末端可弯3D腹腔镜操作特点。 方法 雄性香猪1只,全麻后取平卧位。取经右侧腹直肌切口,长约3.5 cm,依次逐层切开至腹腔后,应用Olympus单孔多通道Port建立操作通道。以14 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）形成气腹,进入腹腔后打开侧腹膜,游离右肾下极及肾蒂。阻断肾动脉后切除右肾下极。间断“8”字全层缝合肾脏创面,开放血流后未见明显出血。将切除的右肾脏下极装入标本袋,从原切口取出。 结果 在不增加任何额外切口的情况下顺利完成手术,手术时间47 min,其中总阻断时间21 min（切除5 min,缝合16 min）,术中出血约20 mL。无任何术中并发症。 结论 单孔多通道经腹3D腹腔镜下肾部分切除术有一定难度,但手术总体安全、可行。联合末端可弯3D腹腔镜,使得手术图像立体感强,手术操作精确度高,能有效降低单孔器械“打架”及手眼协调难度。应用猪作为动物模型进行单孔多通道联合末端可弯3D腹腔镜肾部分切除术可以让外科医生有效积累手术经验及技巧。     

应用经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜技术切除猪肾的初步尝试及经验总结

目的尝试应用经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜技术切除猪肾,总结基本操作技巧,提高手术熟练程度,降低临床实践风险。方法采用Triport单孔系统完成10例次(5只)经腹单纯猪肾切除,总结手术操作经验,包括术中对Port的安置、左右手器械的选配、内镜的选择、基本操作手法的优化等,观察手术操作水平的变化。结果10例次手术均顺利完成,未另外增加工作通道,无周围脏器损伤等并发症发生;肾切除时间从75min缩短至23min。器械干扰是单孔腹腔镜肾切除术的难点,器械X型交叉可部分解决此问题,据此设计的4种基本操作模式避免器械干扰。结论单孔腹腔镜猪肾切除操作有助于初学者提高手术熟练程度,掌握手术技巧,缩短学习曲线,有利于降低临床实践风险。     

经膀胱和胃联合路径猪肾部分切除及V-loc线的应用

目的在猪模型实行经膀胱和胃联合路径下的肾部分切除术,并应用V-loc线缝合肾脏缺损,以进一步评估联合经膀胱和胃路径手术的安全性和可行性。方法利用雌香猪3只,在输尿管硬镜下剪开膀胱前壁,置入自制经膀胱Tro-car,建立经膀胱路径。在输尿管镜引导下,利用高频针状电刀穿刺胃壁,用球囊扩张后导入胃镜。在胃镜的引导下,经膀胱Trocar放入腹腔镜超声刀,游离肾脏动静脉,置入血管阻断夹阻断肾动脉血供后,利用末端可弯剪刀切除部分肾下极实质。经皮置入2-0V-loc线,连续缝合关闭肾脏缺损,恢复肾脏血供。置入拇指手套,装入标本并从膀胱取出。结果完成6例肾脏手术,其中第1例因血管阻断不全,术中严重出血失去视野而改传统腹腔镜术。余5例均顺利完成,平均手术时间174(140～220)min,温缺血时间21(17～28)min,未见明显出血。切除肾实质大小平均1.5cm×1.5cm。结论经膀胱和胃联合路径肾部分切除术难度极大,但在应用V-loc线和辅助针状腹腔镜器械后可以较方便地完成。其临床应用前景还需要进一步的研究验证。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术36例临床疗效分析

目的：探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的方法、可行性与临床疗效。方法：36例胆囊疾病患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术。采用脐部做一道2 cm弧形的隐蔽手术切口,置入操作器械,建立腹腔镜操作通道完成胆囊切除。结果：36例手术均获成功。均未放置引流管,术后无出血、胆漏等并发症发生,手术时间40~90 min,术后2周复查,脐部无明显手术瘢痕。平均住院2~4 d。结论：经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可行的,临床疗效安全可靠。     

经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的初步应用

\[摘要\]目的尝试经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,总结应用体会和手术难点。方法2009年8月至9月对2例患者施行单孔多通道腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,均为右肾,总结手术经验和难点。结果2例手术均顺利完成,术中增加1个5 mm辅助通道以牵开肝脏。手术时间分别为255、240 min,肾动脉阻断时间分别是48、40 min,出血量分别为100、50 ml,术中术后均未输血,未使用镇痛剂,分别于术后9、5 d拔除引流管,术后住院天数分别为13、12 d。结论单孔多通道腹腔镜下肾部分切除技术可行、手术安全,且瘢痕小而隐蔽,美容效果好;但临床开展需要特殊的手术器械,缝合打结操作有一定难度;右侧肾脏手术常需要辅助通道牵拉肝脏以获得良好的显露效果。     

单孔腹腔镜下经膀胱根治性切除猪前列腺的初步尝试

目的尝试单孔腹腔镜下经膀胱根治性切除猪前列腺,探讨其可行性,总结操作难点,为后续临床应用奠定基础。方法采用雄性未阉割香猪,全麻下进行膀胱外翻皮肤造口;将TriPort单孔多通道系统经造口处置入膀胱并固定;建立气膀胱后,用传统腹腔镜器械模拟人经膀胱前列腺根治性切除术;经膀胱完成膀胱内口与尿道吻合,经皮肤造口取出前列腺标本后关闭膀胱和腹腔。结果共完成了6例动物实验,前3例失败,原因为膀胱操作空间无法保证、吻合操作失败等;后3例均顺利完成,手术时间分别是190、160、110min,前列腺完整切除,间断吻合6针恢复尿道连续性。结论单孔腹腔镜下经膀胱猪前列腺根治性切除技术可行,但操作难度较大,鉴于猪解剖结构与人存在较大差异,需进一步在尸体模型上进行类似尝试,目前尚不适合向临床阶段过渡。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术80例临床研究

目的探讨经脐进行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性临床价值.方法2009年5月—2011年9月,对80例慢性胆囊炎经脐部施行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,手术显露良好,器械操作相互无影响,手术过程顺利,术中出血少(<3ml),手术时间(51±10)min (40—70min),均未放置引流管.手术无出血、胆管损伤等并发症发生.术后1—2d出院.80例随访1—3个月,无腹痛等不适症状,腹壁无可见手术瘢痕.结论经脐进行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行,具微创及美容优势,使用多孔道套管和可弯曲的加长腹腔镜操作器械可以降低手术难度,具有临床推广价值.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术32例应用体会

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床应用和治疗体会。方法为32例急慢性阑尾炎患者行阑尾切除术,应用普通腹腔镜器械及改良Trocar,经脐单孔完成手术。结果28例成功完成经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术,手术时间25～55min,平均40min。4例转为三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术,无中转开腹。术后恢复顺利,无出血、肠漏等并发症出现,平均住院4d。术后随访3个月,无并发症发生,切口美容效果满意。结论经脐单孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有微创化、充分体现患者创伤小、痛苦少、恢复快、隐蔽性及美容效果好等特点。改良Trocar普通器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术安全可行,便于推广,但较高的操作难度要求在部分病例中选择应用。     

自制新型套管用于经膀胱自然腔道内镜手术的实验研究

目的 观察一种自制套管用于经膀胱途径的自然腔道内镜手术(NOTES)的效果.方法 结合经皮肾镜穿刺技术和腹腔镜套管的结构原理,利用Solidwork三维制图软件设计新型经膀胱NOTES手术套管.在器械厂商的协助下制成样品,使用香猪动物模型完成经膀胱途径腹腔探查术、肾脏活检术、经膀胱和经胃联合途径肾脏切除术、肾部分切除术.术毕进行问卷调查,以评估该套管的各项指标.结果 共完成10次动物实验,经膀胱通道均顺利建立,平均所需时间为5.6min.对套管置入便利性、套管气密性、器械置入便利性的评分均达到4分以上;而器械可选择范围和标本取出便利性的评分较低,分别为3.25分和1.75分.结论 这种经膀胱NOTES专用套管能够很好地用于手术操作通道的建立.除因解剖因素导致器械选择范围和标本取出受限之外,其他各项指标均得到术者的认可,值得进一步改进和推广.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.