基于核函数主元分析的SVM建模方法及应用

为有效克服线性建模方法在非线性建模方面的不足,将核函数思想引入到主元分析方法(PCA)中,有效提取实验数据中的非线性特征信息,并将其作为支持向量机(SVM)的输入变量,建立工业过程软测量模型。该方法应用于丙烯腈聚合过程中转化率的预报,结果表明:该方法的预测精度优于PCA-SVM方法和KPCA-NN方法。     

模式识别在白芍质量控制中的应用

目的旨在通过通用性强的中药色谱数据特征的抽取和神经网络识别,建立白芍的质量评价模式。方法首先通过实验获取同一品种不同质量29个白芍样本的高效液相色谱数据,然后依照非线性的核主成分分析(KP-CA)进行数学特征提取,将取得的压缩数据,输入BP神经网络进行学习,运用训练后的网络识别白芍的质量分类。并探讨了模式识别中人工神经网络的数据预处理、网络隐含层数、隐节点数、激励函数和过拟合现象等。结果通过改良后网络训练,已成功地识别白芍药材质量类别(识别率100%)。结论非线性特征提取KPCA法与人工神经网络结合适用于白芍整体质量分析。     

核主成分logistic回归模型在非线性关联分析中的应用

目的将核主成分分析(KPCA)与logistic回归模型相结合,提出一种核主成分logistic(KPCA-based logis-tic)回归模型,用于复杂疾病基因定位的非线性关联分析。方法针对病例对照研究设计的关联分析,对候选基因区域内的单核苷酸多肽性(SNPs)进行核主成分分析,以核主成分为自变量构建logistic回归模型,并对GAW16类风湿关节炎数据中PTPN22和RNF186两个基因区域进行分析,以验证KPCA-based logistic回归模型的有效性和实用性。结果对PTPN22和RNF186两个基因区域的分析结果显示,KPCA-based logistic回归模型既能够检测出单点检验所能发现的区域(PTPN22),也能检测出单点检验所不能发现的区域(RNF186)。结论 KPCA-based logistic回归模型是一种有效的非线性关联分析方法,能够发现更多的易感区域。     

模式分析的核函数设计方法及应用

利用卷积算子和H1(R)核函数给出了一种设计Hn(R)核函数的新方法,该方法简便易行。运用该方法设计的核函数,应用在轴承正常振动信号数据、轴承内圈、外圈以及滚动体故障振动信号数据进行核主成分分析(KPCA)中,仿真结果表明:该方法可以有效地识别轴承正常和内圈、外圈以及滚动体故障。     

基于核函数主元分析的软测量建模方法及应用

提出了基于核函数主元分析(PCA)方法提取变量的特征信息以有效处理非线性数据，并在此基础上进行软测量建模的方法。利用该方法建立了工业萘初馏塔酚油含萘量软测量模型，工业应用结果表明了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于文化算法的KPCA特征提取方法

如何选择最优或接近最优的核函数使分类错误率降低,是KPCA(Kenel Principle Com-portent Analysis)应用于特征提取的关键.本文在研究了文化算法(Cultural Algorithms,CA)相关文献的基础上,提出了一种训练核函数参数的文化算法流程,实现了KPCA和CA的集成,有效地提高了核函数的优化选择.仿真结果表明该方法具有较好的结果和更少的计算量.     

基于独立分量分析的肝纤维化超声图像研究

目的研究独立分量分析(ICA)方法在区别肝纤维化疾病中的应用.方法采用FastICA算法,在基于正常肝组织与纤维化肝组织可以看作是独立信源的前提下,对同一病人不同纤维化时期和正常人的超声图像选取局部区域后分别进行独立分量分离.结果FastICA算法可以较快的分离出各组的独立分量,且异常组的独立分量数明显多于正常组.结论对肝纤维化超声图像的独立成分进行分析,并与相应部位的正常肝组织超声图像的独立成分进行比较,是一种值得尝试的新的超声图像分析方法.     

permutation PCA方法在病例对照关联分析中不同遗传模型下的表现

目的提出一种基于置换检验(permutation test)和主成分分析(PCA)的检验方法 permutation PCA。探讨在病例对照关联分析中permutation PCA在不同遗传模型下的表现。方法基于“首吸飘感”对照组数据分别模拟产生7种不同遗传模型下的病例对照基因分型数据,采用permutation PCA方法对模拟数据进行检验,并进一步用permutation PCA方法检验“首吸飘感”基因分型实际数据。结果Permutation PCA方法对7种不同遗传模型假设下的模拟病例对照基因分型数据的检验结果差异均具有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。Permutation PCA方法对于“首吸飘感”基因分型实际数据的检验结果差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论Permutation PCA方法对不同遗传模型假设不敏感,适用于复杂疾病关联分析中病例对照基因分型数据的研究。     

基于虚特征分解的PQ图像隐写专用检测技术

提出了基于虚特征分解(IED)特征、针对抖动量化(PQ)隐写术的专用隐写分析方法。利用统计学理论,分析了JPEG图像经PQ嵌入秘密信息后,其空域行和列的线性相关性降低; 并在实验结果中得到验证。采用支持向量机(SVM)作为分类器,建立了一个测试数据库;对基于IED特征隐写分析方法进行了隐藏信息检测的仿真实验。实验结果表明：该方法比其他现有的隐写分析方法更有效,对PQ隐写术检测率超过70%,且该方法具有较好的盲检测性能。     

基于KPCA和离散Walsh变换的改进过程神经网络建模

针对过程神经网络在输入维数较高时存在时间代价过大的缺点,提出了基于核主元分析（KPCA）和离散Walsh变换的改进过程神经网络算法（IPNNKPW）。该算法结合KPCA和离散Walsh正交基变换,减少了过程神经网络的输入计算代价;引入动量因子和自适应学习率,加速了网络收敛并有效地抑制了网络震荡。应用该算法对聚合反应中聚丙烯腈平均分子量建模,仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性,它能以较少的时间代价得到较高的模型精度。     

A New Approach for Concealed Information Identification Based on ERP Assessment

Recently, numerous concealed information test (CIT) studies have been done with event related potential (ERP) for its sufficient validity in applied use. In this study, a new approach based on wavelet coefficients (WCs) and kernel learning algorithm is proposed to identify concealed information. Totally 16 subjects went through the designed CIT paradigm and the multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded. Then, the high-dimensional WCs of ERP in delta, theta, alpha and beta rhythms were extracted. For the analysis of the data, kernel principle component analysis (KPCA) and a support vector machines (SVM) classifier are implemented. The results show that WCs features are significant differences between concealed information and irrelevant information (P?<?0.05). The KPCA is able to effectively reduce feature dimensionalities and increase generalization performance of SVM. A high accuracy (93.6%) in recognizing concealed information and irrelevant information is achieved, which indicates the combination KPCA and SVM may provide a useful tool for detecting the concealed information.     

基于核函数PCA的非线性过程实时监控方法

为了克服基于主元分析的过程监控方法非线性处理能力弱的缺点和降低基于非线性主元分析的过程监控方法的计算复杂度，提出了将核函数PCA监控方法用于复杂工业过程实时监控系统的开发研究，并讨论了核函数参数选择对系统性能的影响。核函数PCA能有效地提取过程变量的非线性关系，而且计算复杂度低，便于在线实施。仿真结果表明该方法是一种有前途的复杂过程非线性实时监控技术。     

Classification of EMG Signals Using PCA and FFT

In this study, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis was applied to EMG signals recorded from ulnar nerves of 59 patients to interpret data. The data of the patients were diagnosed by the neurologists as 19 patients were normal, 20 patients had neuropathy and 20 patients had myopathy. The amount of FFT coefficients had been reduced by using principal components analysis (PCA). This would facilitate calculation and storage of EMG data. PCA coefficients were applied to multilayer perceptron (MLP) and support vector machine (SVM) and both classified systems of performance values were computed. Consequently, the results show that SVM has high anticipation level in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. It is proved that its test performance is high compared with MLP.     

Down Syndrome Diagnosis Based on Gabor Wavelet Transform

Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It has different facial symptoms. These symptoms contain distinctive information for face recognition. In this study, a novel method is developed to distinguish Down Syndrome in a custom face database. Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT) is used as a feature extraction method. Dimension reduction is performed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). New dimension which has most valuable information is derived with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Classification process is implemented with k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. The classification accuracy is carried out 96% and 97,34% with kNN and SVM methods, respectively. Different from the studies related with the Down Sydrome, feature selection process is applied before PCA according to the correlation between components of feature vectors. Best results are achieved with euclidean distance metric for kNN and linear kernel type for SVM. In this way, we developed an efficient system to recognize Down syndrome.     

Automated Screening of Arrhythmia Using Wavelet Based Machine Learning Techniques

Arrhythmia is one of the preventive cardiac problems frequently occurs all over the globe. In order to screen such disease at early stage, this work attempts to develop a system approach based on registration, feature extraction using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), feature validation and classification of electrocardiogram (ECG). This diagnostic issue is set as a two-class pattern classification problem (normal sinus rhythm versus arrhythmia) where MIT-BIH database is considered for training, testing and clinical validation. Here DWT is applied to extract multi-resolution coefficients followed by registration using Pan Tompkins algorithm based R point detection. Moreover, feature space is compressed using sub-band principal component analysis (PCA) and statistically validated using independent sample t-test. Thereafter, the machine learning algorithms viz., Gaussian mixture model (GMM), error back propagation neural network (EBPNN) and support vector machine (SVM) are employed for pattern classification. Results are studied and compared. It is observed that both supervised classifiers EBPNN and SVM lead to higher (93.41% and 95.60% respectively) accuracy in comparison with GMM (87.36%) for arrhythmia screening.     

补骨脂酚启动自噬减轻β-GP诱导的小鼠主动脉中膜钙化

目的：在选定的36种中药单体中筛选能够启动细胞自噬的药物;探究补骨脂酚对小鼠血管平滑肌细胞自噬的影响以及对血管平滑肌细胞钙化的影响。方法：从中草药中提取的黄酮类化合物以不同浓度处理人脑胶质瘤细胞(human glioma cells,U87)72 h,用MTT法得到药物对U87细胞的半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀),并以小于IC₅₀浓度的条件下以不同浓度梯度处理U87细胞,观察U87细胞GFP-LC3(微管相关蛋白1轻链3(Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3,LC3)的荧光信号和Western blot检测自噬指标LC3从而观察细胞自噬活动激活情况,以筛选出能够启动自噬的药物。后续选取补骨脂酚进行进一步实验,探究药物启动自噬后对血管平滑肌细胞钙化的影响。使用β-GP构建小鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)钙化模型,分为对照组(C-CTR组)和钙化组(C-CAL组),并通过...     

Study on Contribution of Biological Interpretable and Computer-Aided Features Towards the Classification of Childhood Medulloblastoma Cells

Diagnosis and Prognosis of brain tumour in children is always a critical case. Medulloblastoma is that subtype of brain tumour which occurs most frequently amongst children. Post-operation, the classification of its subtype is most vital for further clinical management. In this paper a novel approach of pathological subtype classification using biological interpretable and computer-aided textural features is forwarded. The classifier for accurate features prediction is built purely on the feature set obtained by segmentation of the ground truth cells from the original histological tissue images, marked by an experienced pathologist. The work is divided into five stages: marking of ground truth, segmentation of ground truth images, feature extraction, feature reduction and finally classification. Kmeans colour segmentation is used to segment out the ground truth cells from histological images. For feature extraction we used morphological, colour and textural features of the cells followed by feature reduction using Principal Component Analysis. Finally both binary and multiclass classification is done using Support Vector Method (SVM). The classification was compared using six different classifiers and performance was evaluated employing five-fold cross-validation technique. The accuracy achieved for binary and multiclass classification before applying PCA were 95.4 and 62.1% and after applying PCA were 100 and 84.9% respectively. The run-time analysis are also shown. Results reveal that this technique of cell level classification can be successfully adopted as architectural view can be confusing. Moreover it conforms substantially to the pathologist’s point of view regarding morphological and colour features, with the addition of computer assisted texture feature.     

Statistical Analysis of Textural Features for Improved Classification of Oral Histopathological Images

The objective of this paper is to provide an improved technique, which can assist oncopathologists in correct screening of oral precancerous conditions specially oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) with significant accuracy on the basis of collagen fibres in the sub-epithelial connective tissue. The proposed scheme is composed of collagen fibres segmentation, its textural feature extraction and selection, screening perfomance enhancement under Gaussian transformation and finally classification. In this study, collagen fibres are segmented on R,G,B color channels using back-probagation neural network from 60 normal and 59 OSF histological images followed by histogram specification for reducing the stain intensity variation. Henceforth, textural features of collgen area are extracted using fractal approaches viz., differential box counting and brownian motion curve . Feature selection is done using Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence criterion and the screening performance is evaluated based on various statistical tests to conform Gaussian nature. Here, the screening performance is enhanced under Gaussian transformation of the non-Gaussian features using hybrid distribution. Moreover, the routine screening is designed based on two statistical classifiers viz., Bayesian classification and support vector machines (SVM) to classify normal and OSF. It is observed that SVM with linear kernel function provides better classification accuracy (91.64%) as compared to Bayesian classifier. The addition of fractal features of collagen under Gaussian transformation improves Bayesian classifier’s performance from 80.69% to 90.75%. Results are here studied and discussed.