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1.
李河  杨学宁  吴一龙 《循证医学》2011,11(3):173-175
在审阅临床医学科研设计或专业论文工作中,还是常会遇见有关“样本含量估计”处理不当、含糊不清、甚至错误等问题。还是有部分研究者在临床医学科研设计或专业论文中,将“样本含量估计”问题笼统叙述、一带而过,似乎就可以应付临床医学科研设计或专业论文的生物统计学审稿工作者了。  相似文献   

2.
调查中国知网人口与健康领域1978年以来的国家科技成果数据库、2000年以来的国家级科研项目库,对所查到的科技成果、科研项目的学科分布及经费来源进行描述性统计分析。在53393项科技成果中,排在前三位的依次是临床医学(59.2%)、中医药学(15.5%)及基础医学(9.2%)。在17343项科研项目中,排在前三位的依次是临床医学(49.3%)、基础医学(19.5%)及中医药学(16.5%)。人口与健康领域国家级科研项目主要由国家科技重大专项和基本计划组成,其中基本计划类占99.96%,在基本计划类中,又以主体计划为主,占基本计划的81.4%。主体计划类中居首位的是临床医学(占55.8%)。而中医药学则在基本计划类中的政策引导性计划项目和其他类中均居首位。科技成果、科研项目中。均以临床医学、基础医学及中医药学位居前三位,反映了在这三个领域有较丰富的科学数据资源,是今后进行共享数据遴选的重点:同时也反映出国家目前在人口与健康领域的主要科研投入方向。  相似文献   

3.
统计学是研究数据的收集、整理、分析与推断的科学。医学研究生研究的对象主要是人体及与人体健康有关的各种因素,由于生物现象的变异较大,各种影响因素又错综复杂,放需运用统计方法通过偶然现象来探测其规律性。卫生统计学则是把统计理论方法应用于人体健康状况研究、医疗卫生实践和医学科研的一门应用学科,它广泛应用于基础医学、预防医学,临床医学和卫生事业管理等各个领域。卫生统计学研究的主要内容包括三个方面:(1)卫生统计学的基本理论和方法。如医学科研中统计调查设计和实验设计,科学地、准确地、及时地搜集、整理统计资…  相似文献   

4.
李河  郭兰  孙家珍 《循证医学》2011,11(1):51-53
在临床医学科研中常会遇到生存数据的统计学处理分析问题,而比例危险率回归模型(简称COX回归模型)常用来进行影响生存时间的多因素分析;故在论文撰写中需根据科研设计类型和研究变量特征,进行合理的临床流行病学和医学统计学思维,以便得到正确结果。  相似文献   

5.
PBL教学模式对学生批判思维能力影响的研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
目的:探讨采用PBL教学模式对临床医学生提高批判性思维能力是否具有促进作用。方法:采用“加利福尼亚批判性思维技能测验(CCTST)”和“艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)”,对我校2005级临床医学专业PBL教学班进行了一年的跟踪比较研究,并统计分析。结果:学生的批判性思维能力水平在PBL实施前与实施后相比较具有显著提高(P〈O.05),而且这种差异与学生的人格特征有交互作用。结论:采用PBL教学模式有助于提高临床医学生的批评思维能力。  相似文献   

6.
目的:观察兔自体骨髓间充质干细胞(B腻s)体外诱导分化为心肌样细胞在房室传导阻滞(A、1B)模型中的治疗作用。方法:用Percoll密度梯度离心法分离培养兔BMSCs,用5.氮胞苷诱导BMSCs向心肌样细胞分化。在构建AVB模型后第10d实验组于房室结区移植自体心肌样细胞;对照组于房室结区注入培养液。2周后观察实验动物体表心电图,对比移植前后兔AVB的改善情况;冰冻切片观察移植区细胞存活情况。结果:实验组中AⅦ(.)组的Hit、P-P、P-R和R-R间期与AVB(+)组及对照组比有统计学意义(P〈0.05);对照组与AVB(+)比无统计学意义。移植区细胞能很好存活。结论:兔自体BMSCs经体外扩增诱导为心肌样细胞后对AVB有治疗作用。  相似文献   

7.
缓慢性心律失常老年患者冠状动脉造影分析   总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1  
目的:探讨选择性冠状动脉造影对Ⅱ度以上房室传导阻滞(AVB)和病态窦房结综合征(SSS)老年患者病因诊断的临床意义。方法:将70例因缓慢性心律失常已安装永久起搏器的患者分为AVB组(28例)和SSS组(42例),分别行选择性冠状动脉造影,分析左前降支(LAD)、左旋支(LCx)、右冠状动脉(RCA)的病变,血管内径狭窄达50%以上者为造影结果阳性。结果:AVB组造影结果阳性者21例(75.0%),SSS组造影阳性者13例(31.0%),两组比较差异有非常显著性意义(P〈0.01);同时AVB组病变血管主要是RCA(53.6%),SSS组主要是LAD(23.8%),两组RCA的累及率比较差异有显著性意义(P〈0.05)。结论:冠心病为Ⅱ度以上AVB老年患者的主要病因,但并非SSS的主要病因。对Ⅱ度以上AVB的老年患者,需行冠状动脉造影检查,以进一步指导治疗。而对SSS的老年患者,不宜轻易诊断为冠心病而给予不必要的治疗。  相似文献   

8.
在临床医学和科研中,经常有大量的实验数据需要用高级统计分析软件SAS进行各种统计分析。但是,使用者需具有一定的统计学知识,并熟悉SAS设计语言,故医学工作者使用时困难很多。为了让医学科研工作者不需编程,又能在实验数据的统计分析过程中学习统计学的基础知识,作者开发了一个通用的、有医学物色的医学数据综合处理实用系统,为用户以好的使用界面,使统计学知识更好地于医学科研中。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨情景式追溯法在生理学教学中的应用效果。方法以遵义医学院2009级本科临床医学专业学生219人为研究对象,按班级随机分为对照组(n=111)和实验组(n=108)。对照组采用传统教学方法,实验组联合应用情景式和追溯法教学(简称“情景式追溯法”)。通过问卷调查和期末考试成绩进行教学效果评价。应用SPSS15.0软件进行数据统计分析,定性资料采用完全随机设计两组频数分布的矿检验,定量资料采用两组独立样本t检验,P〈O.05为差异有统计学意义。结果学生对2种教学方法的满意度差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),在生理学教学中采用情景式追溯教学更让学生满意。实验组学生的期末考试平均成绩(79.90±14.25)分和及格率(90.74%)均高于对照组[(72.35±17.09)分,83.78%1。结论在生理学教学中应用情景式追溯教学有利于提高学生学习能动性,从而提高其学习成绩。  相似文献   

10.
医学论文是临床医学工作者对其研究成果进行理论分析和科学总结的载体,是反映临床科研研究方法及成果的一种外在表达形式.进而又指导医学实践.而临床研究中错误的设计和应用了错误的统计学方法得出结论的论文发表后会对医学实践产生误导.因此,科学、严谨的实验设计及应用正确的统计学方法对其结果进行分析,才有可能得出正确的结论进而对临床医学实践起指导作用.本文分析了目前我国医学论文中科研设计及统计学的误用现状,探讨正确的科研设计和统计学方法必须遵循的基本原则和改变现状的建议及对策.  相似文献   

11.
Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P< 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P< 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P < 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (>0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P <0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P < 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.  相似文献   

13.
Objective: To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods: SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer's was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results: Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion: This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.  相似文献   

14.
Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.  相似文献   

15.
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.  相似文献   

16.
A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care(~'4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.  相似文献   

17.
Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.  相似文献   

18.
Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.  相似文献   

19.
Objective To measure Derpl and Blot5 allergen levels in asthmatics' homes in Hongkong.Methods Seventy houses were enrolled for a mite indoor environment study. Dust samples were obtained from two sites of each patients' house: bed and floor. Derpl and Blot5 levels were quantified by a two-site monoclonal antibody-based ELISA technique.Results The levels of Derpl allergens found in bed (geometric mean (GM) 3.43 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 1.89-4.96 μg/g)and on the floor (GM 1.12 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.71-1.53 μg/g) indicated significant differences (P=0.005). However, the levels of Blot5 allergens found in bed (GM 19.00 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.89-38.90 μg/g) and on the floor (GM 6.14 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.40-11.90 μg/g) showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, in regards to the exposure index for Derpl and Blot5 allergens found in bed and on the floor, 17.6% in bed and 8.6% on the floor had levels of Blot5 ≥ 10 μg/g of dust, higher than those obtained for Derp1 (7.2% and 0% in bed and on the floor respectively, P< 0.05); higher percentages in bed and on the floor (25.0% and 35.7%) were observed for levels of Blot5 =0 μg/g of dust as compared with Derpl in bed and on the floor (4.3% and 14.5% respectively, P< 0.05).Conclusions Derpl and Blot5 are the major allergens found in this regional study, Blot5 is a more potent allergen in Hongkong, probably reflecting the high level of exposure to Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Bt and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergens should be included for precise diagnosis and effective immuno-therapeutic treatment of mite allergy in Hongkong.  相似文献   

20.
ANTI-PROLIFERATION EFFECT OF ORIDONIN ON HL-60 CELLS AND ITS MECHANISM   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Objcetive To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of oridonin on leukemic HL-60 cells and its mechanism. Methods HL-60 cells in vitro in culture medium were given different concentrations of oridonin. The inhibitory rate of cells were measured by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, and the activity of telomerase was detected using telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) PCR-ELISA before and after apoptosis occurred. Results Oridonin could decrease telomerase activity, inhibit growth of HL-60 cells, and cause apoptosis significantly. The suppression was both in time- and dose-dependent manner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis including condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were observed clearly by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining especially after cells were treated 48-60 hours by oridonin. Conclusions Oridonin has apparent anti-proliferation and apoptotic effects on HL-60 cells in vitro, decreasing telomerase activity of HL-60 cells may be one of its most important mechanisms. These results will provide strong laboratory evidence of oridonin for clinical treatment of acute leukemia.  相似文献   

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