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1.
目的探讨大学生锻炼行为与体育知识、态度和自我效能的关系。方法整群随机抽取在昆六所高校的1243名大学生(男654、女589) 进行体育认知及自我效能的自评调查。结果在锻炼的自我效能、态度和行为上存在着显著的性别差异。男生体育人口不仅高于女(51.22%>41.77%),其锻炼的自我效能13.87±2.95也显高于女12.35±3.41(P≤0.01),但无知识维度的性别差。运动习惯好的体育人口锻炼态度和自我效能的得分均显高于对照(P≤0.01)。大学生运动行为与态度、自我效能呈中度相关r=0.41和0.47,与知识呈低度相关(r=0.12)。结论大学生体育人口现状离全民健身和我国慢性病预防的公共卫生目标尚有较大差距。体育态度和自我效能是影响运动行为的重要中介变量,女生是锻炼行为的重点干预对象。  相似文献   

2.
目的 分析多种慢性病管理模式在社区老年高血压患者中综合应用的效果,为改进慢性病社区防控效果提供依据。 方法 按照简单随机抽样法从社区卫生服务中心初建慢性病管理档案的老年高血压患者中抽取120例,使用随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各60例。对照组依照《高血压患者健康管理服务规范》管理,干预组在此基础上融入自我管理、群组管理、家庭干预、同伴教育,6个月后使用《高血压患者自我管理行为测评量表》《高血压自我功效量表》《焦虑自评量表SAS》《高血压病相关知识调查表》对2组患者进行测评。 结果 干预组高血压病相关知识知晓率高于对照组,干预组自我管理行为测评总分(124.50±17.32)分、自我效能得分(63.33±7.02)分均高于对照组(113.77±20.65)分和(58.12±8.68)分,干预组的平均血压(132.63±7.14/74.40±7.46)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)低于对照组(140.48±10.69/78.53±7.58)mm Hg、干预组焦虑自评得分(54.15±8.40)分低于对照组(59.41±9.10)分,以上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组自我效能感与焦虑程度呈负相关(r=-0.288,P=0.026),与自我管理行为能力呈正相关(r=0.382,P=0.003)。对自我效能影响最大的因素是自我管理水平(P<0.01),其次是焦虑情绪(P<0.05)。 结论 多种慢性病管理模式综合应用于老年高血压患者的日常管理中有助于患者对疾病知识的掌握,促进其情绪改善,提高自我管理能力,通过自我效能感的提升,促进健康行为的长期改善。   相似文献   

3.
《皖南医学院学报》2020,(3):270-273
目的:探讨大学生熬夜与考试焦虑、学业自我效能感之间的关系,为改善大学生的熬夜情况,提高工作学习效率提供依据。方法:采用自编一般情况调查问卷、考试焦虑量表(TAI)和学业自我效能感量表调查605名在校大学生。结果:检出大学生熬夜发生率为92.2%,熬夜的大学生与不熬夜的大学生相比,TAI得分高,而学业自我效能感量表得分低(P<0.01);大学生熬夜程度、熬夜频率与TAI得分均呈正相关(r=0.417,r=0.219,P<0.01);与学业自我效能感量表得分均呈负相关(r=-0.389,r=-0.246,P<0.01)。TAI得分对大学生熬夜行为有正向预测作用,学业自我效能感量表得分对大学生熬夜行为有负向预测作用(P<0.05)。结论:大学生熬夜与考试焦虑之间存在正相关,与学业自我效能感之间存在负相关。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨临床护士压力负荷、心理韧性与情绪困扰三者之间的关系.方法 采用方便抽样的方式抽取广州市3所三级综合医院的449名一线临床护士,运用10条目韧性量表(CD-RISC-10)、一般自我效能量表(GSES)、中文版压力负荷量表(SOS)、凯斯勒10量表(K10)对其进行调查.结果 本护士群体SOS总分(63.27±16.62)分,处于中等压力水平,K10总分(24.44±8.19)分、情绪困扰有较高风险,CD-RISC-10总分(23.64±6.69)分、GSES总分(24.73±5.70)分,压力负荷得分与情绪困扰得分呈正相关(r=0.509,P<0.01),与心理韧性、自我效能得分呈负相关(r=-0.439、-0.349,P<0.01),情绪困扰与心理韧性、自我效能得分呈负相关(r=-0.496、-0.210,P<0.01),心理韧性在压力负荷与情绪困扰之间存在部分的中介效应,效应值为12.9%.结论 本护士群体的压力负荷对其情绪困扰有负性作用,心理韧性起中介作用.  相似文献   

5.
目的:调查社区老年COPD患者自我管理现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法对广东、安徽和河南社区的206例老年COPD患者进行问卷调查。结果患者自我管理知识技能各维度中,疾病与吸烟的关系得分最高,康复锻炼相关知识技能得分最低,病情加重的预防、识别与应对次之;自我效能的各维度中,得分从高到低依次为:行为危险因素、强烈的情绪唤起、躯体活动、天气/环境、负面影响;自我管理各维度中,得分从高到低依次是:日常生活管理、情绪管理、自我效能管理、症状管理、信息管理。影响自我管理行为得分的因素有年龄、自我效能得分和有无病友交流。相关分析显示患者的知识技能与自我效能(r=0.266,P<0.01)、自我效能与自我管理行为(r=0.667,P<0.01)、知识技能与自我管理行为(r=0.488,P<0.01)之间均存在正相关。结论本组患者自我管理行为处于中等水平;影响因素较多;知、信、行三者之间存在正相关关系。应依据影响因素的不同进行针对性的护理干预,进一步提高患者自我管理能力。  相似文献   

6.
目的了解炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的自我管理现状并分析其影响因素。方法对185例诊断为IBD的患者采用一般情况调查表、慢性病自我管理行为量表、IBD自我效能量表及社会支持量表进行横断面调查并分析其影响因素。结果 185例IBD患者自我管理行为平均得分为(27.06±9.52)分,运动与锻炼部分、认知管理与实践部分以及与医生沟通部分,实际得分分别为(5.24±3.72)分、(13.56±6.58)分、(8.26±3.14)分。自我管理行为与社会支持、自我效能呈正相关。运动锻炼部分,文化程度和有无胃肠营养管进入回归方程(运动与锻炼部分得分=-4.223+1.279×文化程度+3.092×胃肠营养管);认知管理与实践部分,自我效能进入回归方程(认知与管理部分得分=1.926+0.058×自我效能);与医生沟通部分,自我效能和文化程度进入回归方程(与医生沟通部分得分=2.330+0.019×自我效能+0.704×文化程度)。结论 IBD患者自我管理处于中等偏下的水平,特别是运动锻炼部分,有较大的进步空间,自我效能、文化程度是影响IBD患者自我管理行为的主要因素。  相似文献   

7.
目的:了解大学生体力活动与自我效能及锻炼行为阶段变化的关系,为高校实施健康促进教育提供依据。方法利用国际体力活动问卷( IPAQ)、自编体育锻炼行为量表、体育锻炼行为阶段变化量表、自我效能量表,对浙江省504名大学生进行调查研究。结果高体力活动组男生(38.52%)、女生(27.27%)人数比例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男女生高体力活动组每周体力活动量分别为[(4608±872.07)分]MET和[(4361±674.03)分]MET,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男女生行为得分为(3.32±0.44)和(3.04±0.36),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男生(35.5%)处在变化阶段的行动期和维持期的人数比例明显高于女生(28.9%)。大学生自我效能、行为得分及锻炼阶段呈现明显的体力活动特征(F=18.38,F=15.08,F=34.71, F<0.01);体力活动与自我效能、行为得分及阶段变化存在正相关(r=0.336,r=0.36,r=0.46,F<0.01)。结论自我效能对大学生体力活动大小可能起着重要的作用,阶段变化、行为得分可以解释男女大学生体力活动的差异。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨社会支持和分娩自我效能增强干预对初产妇分娩自我效能、应对能力和产时疼痛的影响.方法 采用随机分组对照、双盲实验设计,招募106例初产妇分为干预组和对照组,每组53例.两组均给予常规产前护理;干预组在此基础上,由家属陪伴参加两次分娩自我效能增强干预课程.干预组采用简化中文版分娩自我效能量表(CBSEI)行干预前后比较;两组自然分娩孕妇采用分娩应对量表(CCB)和视觉模拟量表(VAS)比较干预效果;采用领悟社会支持量表(MSPSS)分析社会支持水平与分娩自我效能(CBSEI)和应对能力(CCB)之间相关性.结果 最终干预组有效样本52例,对照组51例.干预组干预后CB-SEI得分(282.04±27.38)高于干预前(236.69士45.39);干预组CCB得分(56.78±6.95)显著高于对照组(48.03±6.26),VAS得分(6.96士1.39)显著低于对照组(8.35±1.43),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组MSPSS得分与干预前结果期望(OE)、自我效能期望(EE)、CBSEI得分均呈正相关(r=0.269、0.289、0.317,P<0.01).结论 启动社会支持系统的分娩自我效能增强干预能有效提高初产妇分娩自我效能和应对能力、降低产时疼痛水平.  相似文献   

9.
【】目的:了解实习阶段医学生沟通技能态度的现状,探讨一般自我效能感与沟通技能态度的相关性。方法:以上海三所高校医学院临床医学专业实习阶段575名医学生为研究对象,采用医学生沟通技能态度和一般自我效能感量表进行问卷调研。结果:实习阶段医学生积极态度维度得分均值为(51.88±7.003),消极态度维度得分均值为(31.55±5.839),一般自我效能感量表得分为(26.23±4.820)。一般自我效能与沟通技能积极态度呈显著的正相关(r=0.165, P<0.01)。分层回归结果表明:学校、认为沟通技能重要性和一般自我效能感水平对沟通技能积极态度有正向预测作用,共能解释方差变异量的21.8%。在控制了相关变量之后,一般自我效能感所解释的方差变异量为2.1%。性别、是否当医生、沟通技能自评和认为沟通技能重要性这四个方面对沟通消极态度具有显著的负向预测作用,共能解释方差变异量的17.0%。在控制了相关变量之后,一般自我效能感对沟通消极态度的预测作用不显著。结论:实习阶段医学生沟通技能态度总体是积极的,提高一般自我效能感水平对医学生积极的沟通态度有促进作用。  相似文献   

10.
目的考察大学生自我效能感、道德行为与幸福感的关系。方法采用一般自我效能感问卷、道德行为问卷和幸福感指数问卷对609名大学生进行调查分析。结果男女生道德行为情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男生的幸福感高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男生的自我效能感高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。来自城市的大学生自我效能感高于来自农村的大学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。道德行为和幸福感存在显著正相关(r=0.329,P<0.05)。诚实守信、文明礼貌、爱心奉献与自我效能感均呈正相关(r=0.090,P<0.05;r=0.122,P<0.001;r=0.314,P<0.001)。幸福感和自我效能感呈正相关(r=0.259,P=0.000)。自我效能感在道德行为与幸福感之间有中介效应。结论自我效能感在道德行为和幸福感之间起中介作用。  相似文献   

11.
Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P< 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P< 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P < 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (>0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P <0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P < 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.  相似文献   

13.
Objective: To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods: SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer's was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results: Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion: This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.  相似文献   

14.
Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.  相似文献   

15.
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.  相似文献   

16.
A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care(~'4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.  相似文献   

17.
Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.  相似文献   

18.
Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.  相似文献   

19.
Objective To measure Derpl and Blot5 allergen levels in asthmatics' homes in Hongkong.Methods Seventy houses were enrolled for a mite indoor environment study. Dust samples were obtained from two sites of each patients' house: bed and floor. Derpl and Blot5 levels were quantified by a two-site monoclonal antibody-based ELISA technique.Results The levels of Derpl allergens found in bed (geometric mean (GM) 3.43 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 1.89-4.96 μg/g)and on the floor (GM 1.12 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.71-1.53 μg/g) indicated significant differences (P=0.005). However, the levels of Blot5 allergens found in bed (GM 19.00 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.89-38.90 μg/g) and on the floor (GM 6.14 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.40-11.90 μg/g) showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, in regards to the exposure index for Derpl and Blot5 allergens found in bed and on the floor, 17.6% in bed and 8.6% on the floor had levels of Blot5 ≥ 10 μg/g of dust, higher than those obtained for Derp1 (7.2% and 0% in bed and on the floor respectively, P< 0.05); higher percentages in bed and on the floor (25.0% and 35.7%) were observed for levels of Blot5 =0 μg/g of dust as compared with Derpl in bed and on the floor (4.3% and 14.5% respectively, P< 0.05).Conclusions Derpl and Blot5 are the major allergens found in this regional study, Blot5 is a more potent allergen in Hongkong, probably reflecting the high level of exposure to Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Bt and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergens should be included for precise diagnosis and effective immuno-therapeutic treatment of mite allergy in Hongkong.  相似文献   

20.
ANTI-PROLIFERATION EFFECT OF ORIDONIN ON HL-60 CELLS AND ITS MECHANISM   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Objcetive To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of oridonin on leukemic HL-60 cells and its mechanism. Methods HL-60 cells in vitro in culture medium were given different concentrations of oridonin. The inhibitory rate of cells were measured by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, and the activity of telomerase was detected using telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) PCR-ELISA before and after apoptosis occurred. Results Oridonin could decrease telomerase activity, inhibit growth of HL-60 cells, and cause apoptosis significantly. The suppression was both in time- and dose-dependent manner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis including condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were observed clearly by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining especially after cells were treated 48-60 hours by oridonin. Conclusions Oridonin has apparent anti-proliferation and apoptotic effects on HL-60 cells in vitro, decreasing telomerase activity of HL-60 cells may be one of its most important mechanisms. These results will provide strong laboratory evidence of oridonin for clinical treatment of acute leukemia.  相似文献   

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