儿童三种全麻方式麻醉苏醒期的比较

目的比较七氟烷吸入麻醉、七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉三种麻醉方式用于儿童全麻时的苏醒特征。方法将拟在全麻下手术的2～8岁ASAI级住院患儿60例,随机分为S组、SR组和PR组。S组患儿采用七氟烷吸入诱导及维持麻醉;SR组采用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼静脉诱导,术中七氟烷、瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉;PR组使用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼诱导及维持麻醉。三组患儿诱导成功后均给予肌松剂完成气管插管。评价三组患儿的拔除气管插管的时间、唤名睁眼时间及意识恢复时间的差异。并比较三组患儿的血流动力学特征及苏醒期的不良反应。结果 S组、SR组和PR组患儿的拔管时间、唤名睁眼时间和意识恢复时间上三组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。在苏醒及拔管过程中,S组发生心动过速12例（60%）、高血压1例（5%）;SR组发生心动过速2例（10%）,心动过缓2例（10%）、低血压6例（30%）;PR组发生心动过速2例（10%）,心动过缓4例（20%）、低血压9例（45%）。S组、SR组和PR组分别有16例（80%）、8例（40%）和6例（30%）出现苏醒期躁动,组间有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论七氟烷吸入麻醉、七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉,用于小儿全麻均安全、有效,苏醒迅速。与七氟烷吸入麻醉相比,七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉,血流动力学更加平稳,苏醒期躁动发生率较低。适用于儿童全麻。     

两种全麻方式用于小儿先天性唇腭裂修复术的比较

目的比较七氟烷吸入麻醉和丙泊酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉在小儿先天性唇腭裂修复术对术中维持、术后恢复情况的影响。方法 40例6个月～6岁择期行唇腭裂修复术患儿随机分为两组（n=20）：七氟烷吸入麻醉组（S组）和丙泊酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组（P-R组）。观察并比较两组患儿诱导前（T0）、插管时（T1）、手术即刻（T2）、手术15min（T3）、手术30min（T4）及清醒拔管（T5）时血流动力学变化;记录自主呼吸恢复时间、清醒及拔管时间,并观察术后恶心、呕吐（PONV）、苏醒期躁动（EA）、呼吸抑制及嗜睡等不良反应。结果两组患儿术中血流动力学稳定,均无严重不良反应发生。结论七氟烷吸入麻醉和丙泊酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉均适用于小儿先天性唇腭裂修复术。     

七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼在老年胆囊腹腔镜切除术中的应用

目的评价七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中麻醉效果。方法选择美国麻醉医师学会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,择期行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的老年患者60例,随机分为七氟烷＋瑞芬太尼（SR组,n=30）和异氟烷＋瑞芬太尼（1R组,n=30）组。麻醉诱导用药及方法相同,均于插管后即刻用微量泵连续恒速泵入瑞芬太尼[0.15μg/（kg.min）],同时吸入七氟烷或异氟烷。术中记录二组基础值（T0）、气腹后10min（T1）、结束人工气腹前（T2）、拔管后即刻（T3）、10min（T4）的SBp、DBp、HR。记录苏醒时间及拔管时间,并进行拔管后苏醒质量评分（OAAS）。结果二组术中各时点收缩压、舒张压,心率组间比较差异无统计学意义,但就手术维持过程而言,收缩压的波动SR组小于IR。七氟烷组苏醒时间、拔管时间显著短于异氟烷组,组间比较P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。拔管后患者苏醒质量评分逐渐增加,而拔管后即刻、10min组间比较P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼可以为老年胆囊腹腔镜切除提供满意的麻醉效果,麻醉可控性佳,可明缩短苏醒时间和拔管时间,苏醒质量恢复更好。     

两种全麻方式用于小儿腭裂整复术的比较

目的比较七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉两种麻醉方式用于小儿腭裂整复术对术中麻醉维持、苏醒及术中、术后并发症的影响。方法 60例2~6岁拟行腭裂整复术患儿随机分为两组（n=30）：异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组（P-R组）和七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉组（S-R组）,分别以异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉或七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉。观察并比较两组患儿诱导前（T1）、插管时（T2）、手术即刻（T3）、手术15min（T4）、手术30min（T5）及清醒拔管（T6）血流动力学变化;记录手术时间、清醒及拔管时间,并观察术后呕吐、呛咳及躁动等不良反应。结果术中S-R组患儿血流动力学相对平稳,P-R组患儿血流动力学变化较大,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;S-R组停药后患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间和清醒时间均较P-R组时间缩短,但组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后躁动S-R组12例（40%）P-R组3例（10%）,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉能安全、有效地用于小儿腭裂整复术,和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉比较,血流动力学更平稳,但是术后躁动发生比例更高。     

两种全麻方式用于小儿扁桃体和增殖体切除术的比较

目的比较七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉两种麻醉方式用于小儿扁桃体和增殖体切除术对术中维持、术后恢复情况的影响。方法40例2～6岁择期行扁桃体和增殖体切除术患儿随机分为两组（n=20）：异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组（P-R组）和七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉组（S-R组）,分别以异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉或七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉。观察并比较两组患儿诱导前（T1）、插管时（T2）、手术即刻（T3）、手术15min（T4）、手术30min（T5）及清醒拔管（T6）血流动力学变化;记录手术时间、清醒及拔管时间,并观察术后呕吐、呛咳及躁动等不良反应。结果两组患儿术中血流动力学稳定。两组均无严重不良反应发生。结论七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉均适用于小儿扁桃体和增殖体切除术。     

瑞芬太尼联合七氟烷对小儿麻醉苏醒期躁动的效果

目的：探讨瑞芬太尼联合七氟烷复合麻醉方法对小儿全麻苏醒期躁动的效果。方法：择期行扁桃体切除术患儿60例,年龄4~7岁,ASAⅠ级,按病例资料中麻醉方法分为瑞芬太尼组和对照组,观察组给予瑞芬太尼泵注和吸入七氟烷复合麻醉;对照组给予吸入七氟烷全凭麻醉;记录两组手术时间、麻醉苏醒时间、躁动评分。结果：瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷组在患儿躁动评分比例、躁动例数及躁动时间大于15 min患儿例数明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组手术时间和麻醉苏醒时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷麻醉方法可以明显减少全麻苏醒期躁动,效果优于全凭七氟烷吸入。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚或七氟烷全麻维持效果的比较

目的观察比较瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚或七氟烷两种麻醉维持方式在全身麻醉手术中的应用效果。方法择期全麻手术患者40例,随机分成瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉组（P组）和瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷麻醉组（S组）。P组术中以瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2μg/（kg.min）与丙泊酚4～6mg/（kg.h）微量泵持续静脉输注维持麻醉,S组术中则以瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2μg/（kg.min）微量泵持续静脉输注和2%～4%七氟烷持续吸入维持麻醉,术中通过麻醉意识深度指数CSI（cerebral state index）监测调控维持麻醉深度在45±5。记录入室稳定15min时（T0）、麻醉诱导时（T1）、气管插管后（T2）、切皮时（T3）、手术进行30min时（T4）、手术刺激最强时（T5）、拔管（T6）和出手术室时（T7）的HR、SBP、DBP和SpO2,停止麻醉至拔管的时间、拔管时的清醒程度和术后并发症情况。结果两组间HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2比较,差异无统计学意义,手术时间和术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义,拔管时间及拔管时清醒程度两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚或七氟烷两种麻醉方式用于全麻手术维持,麻醉效果满意,血流动力学稳定,苏醒快速,尤以瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷麻醉方式更佳,术后并发症发生率低,具有可控性强、安全有效的特点。     

三种全麻方式用于儿童耳鼻喉科手术的比较

目的 比较七氟烷吸入麻醉、七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉三种麻醉方式用于儿童腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术的诱导、维持和苏醒特征.方法 拟行腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术的ASA Ⅰ级住院患儿60例,随机分为S组、SR组和PR组.S组患儿采用七氟烷吸入诱导及维持麻醉;SR组采用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼静脉诱导,术中七氟烷、瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉;PR组使用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼诱导及维持麻醉.三组患儿诱导成功后,均给予肌松剂完成气管插管.评价三组患儿的诱导时间、气管插管时间、拔除气管插管的时间、唤名睁眼时间及意识恢复时间的差异,并比较三组患儿的血流动力学特征及诱导和苏醒期的不良反应.结果 S组、SR组和PR组患儿的诱导时间分别为(90±16)s、(46±22)s和(51±14)s,P＜0.01.在气管插管时间、拔管时间、唤名睁眼时间和意识恢复时间上三组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).在诱导及插管过程中,S组发生心动过速12例(60%)、高血压1例(5%);SR组和PR组共发生心动过速2例(5%,明显低于S组(P＜0.01),心动过缓4例(10%)、低血压9例(22.5%).三组患儿术中心率均较基础值增快(P＜0.01),以S组最为显著.S组、SR组和PR组分别有16例(80%)、10例(50%)和6例(30%)出现苏醒期躁动,组间有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 七氟烷吸入麻醉、七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉,用于儿童腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术均安全、有效,诱导和苏醒迅速.与七氟烷吸入麻醉相比,七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉,术中血流动力学更加平稳,苏醒期躁动发生率较低,更适用于儿童腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术.     

七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼或芬太尼用于小儿腭裂手术的比较

目的比较七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼和七氟烷复合芬太尼用于小儿腭裂手术的维持,苏醒特征。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期行单纯腭裂手术患儿40例,年龄2—12岁,随机分为芬太尼组（F组）和瑞芬太尼组（R组）,每组20例,两组麻醉诱导,气管插管后接麻醉机行机械控制通气,维持七氟烷Fet浓度（2．4±0．2）％（1L／min）,R组采用0．1～0．2μg／（kg·min）瑞芬太尼静脉泵注维持麻醉,F组采用1～2μg／kg芬太尼间断推注维持麻醉。分别记录诱导前基础值,插管后,手术开始后5、15、30min的MAP,HR以及自主呼吸恢复时间,拔管时间,睁眼时间,需使用纳络酮和躁动的例数。结果两组患儿术中心率均较基础值增快（P〈0．05）,F组明显快于R组（P〈0．05）;两组患儿术中MAP均有降低,R组明显低于F组（P〈0．05）。两组患儿在自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、睁眼时间、需使用纳络酮和躁动的例数差异无统计学意义。结论七氟烷复合术中早期使用芬太尼和七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼在腭裂手术都是安全,有效的。与七氟烷复合术中早期使用芬太尼相比,七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼能提供更良好的血流动力学,在该类手术使用是更好的选择。     

观察瑞芬太尼和七氟烷停药方式对拔管时的影响

目的：观察拔管期瑞芬太尼和七氟烷停药方式对血流动力学和苏醒的影响。方法：40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术患者,随机分为瑞芬太尼组（R组）与七氟烷组（S组）,每组20例。麻醉诱导用咪唑安定0.08～0.1mg/kg、芬太尼0.02mg/kg、丙泊酚1.5～2.5mg/kg、司可林0.8～1.0mg/kg行气管插管,接麻醉机控制呼吸,麻醉维持采用持续吸入七氟醚（1.5%～2.5%）复合静脉泵注瑞芬太尼0.05～0.2μg/（kg.分）,术中根据情况调整两药剂量并间断静脉注射维库溴胺0.05mg/kg（术毕前40分钟不再追加）。观察记录麻醉前、拔管前1分钟、拔管即刻、拔管后1,3,5分钟的SBP,DBP及HR。观察记录两组苏醒指标时间以及拔管时躁动。结果：两组病人术前一般情况、血压及心率差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。R组拔管后心血管反应稳定,S组血压、心率在拔管前1分钟、拔管即刻及拔管后1分钟均较手术前和R组升高（P〈0.05）。结论：术毕停瑞芬太尼能减轻七氟烷痛敏反应,镇痛效果优,能明显减轻血液动力学波动,躁动发生率低,达到拔除气管导管舒适的目的。     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

A preliminary screening study on the associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technologies

Objective：To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods：Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results ：Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion：The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.     

A CASE OF HUGE GASTRIC DISOPYROBEZOAR

PYTOBEZOARS are common bezoars in gastrontestinal tract, commonly seen in stomach and mall intestine,1but huge disopyrobezoars are     

Acupuncture Treatment of Chest Bi Syndrome

CASE HISTORY A male,a retired officer of 61 years old,paid his first visit on May 12,2006.The patient stated that 2 weeks before he suddenly got paroxysmal precordial choking pain,with irregular attacks.Each attack would last several seconds to several minutes.The attack was accompanied with heavy oppressed sensation in the precordial region,palpitation,lassitude,and in severe cases,sweating,which was once diagnosed by a hospital as'coronary heart disease'.Recalling the case history,the patient said that several days before he got angry with others because of some affairs in work,and he was not so used to the life pattern since he had just retired from his busy working post.At usual times,he was quick tempered and peevish.In recent days,he had poor appetite,and loose stool.     

Instructions to Contributors

The English edition of Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine is edited and published by the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press.Original scientific papers of advanced clinical and experimental medicine in the field of complementary/alternative medicine or integrative medicine are expected.     

Development Is A High Level Inheritance for China Time-honored Brand Products

<正>As culture is the soul of a nation,the three books,"History of Chinese Philosophy,""History of Chinese Culture"and"History of Chinese Science and Technology"have demonstrated the superiority of our great Chinese culture,and its significant impact in the field of international culture.Both core value and practical value of the Chinese culture are very clear,reflected in the views of universe,nature,life,health,disease,and therapy and related considerations,concepts,and technical methods.