Treatment of medium and late stage esophageal carcinoma with combined endoscop ic metal stenting and radiotherapy

Objective To evaluate clinical feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic metal stenting combined with radiotherapy for treatment of medium and late stages of esophageal carcinoma.Methods Thirty-four patients of late stage esophageal carcinoma were treated with endoscopic stent implantation in combination with radiotherapy.Evaluations of CES stainless steel metal stent on the effect of radiation,clinical symptom alleviation and complication and survival rates in both groups were made.Results ①CES stainless steel metal stent had no effect on radiation dosage distribution.②Dysphagia was markedly alleviated in both groups and different complication rates were observed between the two groups.③Six,nine and twelve month survival rates of inpatlents treated with comblned therapies were significantly higher than in simple stent implantation patlents.Conclusion Endoscopic metal stenting in combination with radotherapy was a feasible and practical management in treating medium and late stages esophageal carcinoma and was superior to simple metal stent implantation.     

Evaluation of a tubular mesh and a spiral stent woven from titanium nickel alloy for prostatic obstruction in patients at high risk for surgery. Report of 62 cases.

The use of two urethral stents woven from titanium nickel alloy(TiNi)in the form of a tubular mesh or a spiral stent (both made in China)is described.They were implanted in 62 patients with prostatic ourflow obstruction.All patients were considered contraindicated for surgery.They were divided into a spiral stent group(group 1)treated between March 1992 and May 1993,comprising 35 cases,and a tubular mesh group(group 2)treated between October 1993 and December 1994,comprising 31cases,including four failures in group 1.Thirty-theree out of the 35 patients in group 1were treated successfully.Good results were achieved in eight case(22.8%)and significant improvements occurred in 24(68.5%),giving a total effective rate of 91.3%,with a follow-up of 11to 27 months. Fourteen stents were removed within 6 months after the insertion aned six more were removed within 12 months.The mean effective time of the stent in situ was 10.8 months.All 31 cases in the mesh group were treated successfully.Dramatically goode effects were obtained in 28 cases(over 90%)and distinct improvenents were achived in two, giving a total effective rate of over 96.5%,with a follow-up of 6to 14 months(mean 10.5 months.)Cystoscopy was carried out in 12 patients afer 6 months following the imsertion.The major part of the meshes became covered by urothelium.Compared with the spiral,the mesh makes it possible to insert a prosthesis with a larger diameter and anti-pressure.The spiral,however,can be used as a temporary alternative for the relief of prostatic obstruction.A tubular mesh can work well for the relief of prostatic obstruction and remain in situ without causing major problems for at least 1 year.     

Long-term clinical outcomes after bioabsorbable polymer- and durable polymer-based sirolimus-eluting stents implantation: two-year follow-up results from a large single-center database

Background Several clinical trials have shown that sirolimus-eluting stents significantly reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The FIREBIRD stent （coated with durable polymer） and the EXCEL stent （coated with bioabsorbable polymer） are two different types of sirolimus-eluting stents made in China; both have been approved for clinical use in China by the State Food and Drug Administration. The mid-term （6-month） angiographic and clinical results of both stents have been confirmed exciting perspective outcomes. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in the long-term safety and efficacy between the two types of stents in daily practice.
Methods All consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI with EXCEL or FIREBIRD stents between June 1,2006 and December 31, 2006 at Fu Wai Hospital in Beijing were included. Patients were classified from the index admission according to stent types （EXCEL or FIREBIRD） used. Clinical and procedural risk factors were collected prospectively. With propensity score matching without replacement, the frequency of major adverse cardiac events （MACE, a composite of death, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization） and stent thrombosis during a 2-year follow-up period were compared between the two groups.
Results A total of 474 patients were treated with EXCEL, and 640 were treated with FIREBIRD. Three hundred and ninety-seven EXCEL patients were matched to 397 FIREBIRD patients, 2-year risk-adjusted MACE rates were 6.1% in EXCEL group and 7.6% in FIREBIRD group （HR 0.84, 95%CI0.50-1.43）, whereas the respective rates for mortality, myocardial infarction and target-vessel revascularization were 2.3% vs 2.8% （HR 0.74, 95%CI0.30-0.85）, 1.8% vs 1.3% （HR 1.41,95%CI 0.45-4.43） and 2.5% vs 4.0% （HR 0.62, 95%CI0.28-0.37）, respectively. Cumulative incidence of stent thrombosis at 2 years was 1.8% in the EXCEL group vs 1.3% in the FIREBIRD group （P=0.5610）, whereas the rate of very late stent thrombosis was 0.5% vs 1.3% （P=0.2550）.
Conclusions Results from this long-term, relatively large size, single-center study showed that both of the EXCEL and the FIREBIRD sirolimus-eluting stent had similar and lower incidence of MACE after PCI in daily practice.     

Meta-analysis of stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation: 4-year follow-up

Background Drug-eluting stents （DES） are the most common device used in percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease. Recently, there has been an increased concern regarding their safety profile, in particular the late and very late stent thrombosis rate compared to bare metal stents （BMS）. The aim of the study was to compare the reported incidence of late and very late stent thrombosis of DES and BMS in patients from published clinical studies with an extended follow-up period to four years.Methods A search strategy was developed to identify publications reporting on late or very late thrombosis of BMS and DES available through MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. Two independent reviewers appraised eligible studies and extracted data. Odds ratios （OR） were calculated for each outcome and presented with 95% confidence intervals （CI）.Results Fourteen randomized controlled trials, which were at least single blinded, were identified. There was no difference in the incidence of late and very late stent thrombosis in patients treated with DES compared with patients treated with BMS （late OR 0.55, 95%Cl 0.23-1.31 and late/very late OR=1.08, 95%CI 0.61-1.91）.Conclusions The safety profile of DES was similar to BMS in terms of stent thrombosis. We found no evidence of increased risk of late and very late thrombosis for DES.     

Long-term outcomes following drug-eluting stent implantation in unprotected left main bifurcation lesions

Background The safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents （DES） implantation in unprotected left main （LM） bifurcation lesions has yet to be determined. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the long-term outcome following implantation of DES in unprotected LM bifurcation lesions. Methods We identified 70 consecutive patients treated with DES in unprotected LM bifurcation lesions from April 2003 to January 2005. Of them, 42 patients were treated with sirolimus-eluting stent （SES） and 28 patients were treated with paclitaxel-eluting stent （PES）. Results Stents to the left anterior descending and to the circumflex were implanted in 62 patients. During 1-year follow-up, 3 （4.3%） patients died of cardiac causes. One of them had myocardial infarction and adjudicated as possibly due to stent thrombosis. Angiographic follow-up was available in 80% of patients. The per lesion restenosis rate was 13.4% in the entire cohort, of which 10.7% occurred in lesions treated with SES and 16.1% in those treated with PES （P=0.58）. All restenosis was focal and occurred in the lesions treated with a stent with stent size to post-procedural reference vessel diameter ratio 〈1.0 （17.6% vs 0, P=0.04）. The per patient target lesion revascularization rate at 1 year was 17.1%. One year survival free from major adverse cardiac events was 77.1%. Conclusions Treatment of LM bifurcation lesions using DES is a safe and feasible way with a low one-year mortality. The need for revascularization in 17% of patients demands for improvement.     

Long term efficacy and safety of Chinese made sirolimus eluting stents: results, including off label usage, from two centres over three years

Background Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that drug eluting stents can significantly reduce the rates of restenosis and subsequent adverse events across lesion and patient. We investigated the medium term clinical efficacy and safety of Firebird sirolimus eluting stent （SES） in coronary artery disease. Methods The sample was 509 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） who were treated by Firebird SES and finished three-year clinical follow-up. The occurrences of major adverse cardiac events （MACE） and Academic Research Consortium defined stent thrombosis （ST） were evaluated in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Results Three hundred and thirty three patients （65. 4%） were treated by Firebird SES by off label indications. Angiographic success was achieved in 98.3% of the lesions. MACE and target vessel revascularization rates at 6-month, 1 year＇s and 3 years＇ clinical follow-up were 2.4% and 1.4%, 4.1% and 2.8%, 7.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The cumulative 3-year MACE free survival rate was 92.1%. After 3 years, DM patients had significantly higher rates of MACE （13.7% vs 6.4%, P 〈0.05） and TVR （9.8% vs 4.0%, P 〈0.05） and the cumulative MACE free survival rate was very significantly lower in the DM group （86.4% vs 93;6%, P 〈0.05）. ST occurred in 7 patients （1.4%） at the end of 3 years＇ follow-up, 5 of them had definite ST with 4 cases presenting with myocardial reinfarction and 1 with unstable angina, the other 2 with probable ST had reinfarction in the stented coronary territory without angiographic follow-up. There was no difference in occurrence of ST between off label （1.5%） and on label groups （1.1%, P=-0.07）. Conclusions In daily practice, about 2/3 of patients were treated by Firebird SES by off label indications. Medium term clinical follow-up of 3 years indicated CAD patients treated by Firebird SES had a low MACE and acceptable ST rate. DM patients had higher rates of adverse events and than non DM.     

Surgical selection for late pancreatic head carcinoma without gastric outlet obstruction

The effects of different surgical procedures for late pancreatic head carcinoma without gas- tric outlet obstruction were explored in order to provide theoretical basis to select a suitable operation for these patients. The clinical data of 441 cases of late pancreatic head carcinoma without gastric outlet obstruction were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into 4 groups based on different surgical procedures： group A （101 cases） subjected to Roux-en-Y cholecystojejunostomy; group B （133 cases） undergoing Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy; group C （83 cases） given Roux-en-Y chole- cystojejunostomy combined with gastrojejunostomy; group D （124 cases） receiving Roux-en-Y chole- dochojejunostomy combined with gastrojejunostomy. Therapeutic efficacy in each group was evaluated comparatively. Both groups B and D had a lower rate of postoperative obstructive jaundice than groups A and C separately （P〈0.05 for all）. The data of mean life span showed that both groups B and D had a lower survival rate than groups A and C separately （P〈0.05 for all）. The incidence of postoperative gas- tric outlet obstruction in groups A and B was higher than that in groups C and D separately （P〈0.05 for all）. The gastrojejunostomy had no impacts on the mean life span, and there was no statistically signifi- cant difference in complications, average hospital stay （days） and median survival among four groups （P〉0.05）. For the late pancreatic head carcinoma without gastric outlet obstruction, Roux-en-~ chole- dochojejunostomy is effective for the reduction of icteric index and the incidence of recurrent jaundice, also offers an opportunity for prolonged survival. Combined use of prophylactic Roux-en-Y gastrojeju- nostomy during surgical biliary drainage is safe for advanced pancreatic carcinoma with obstructive jaundice, which can decrease the incidence of postoperative gastric outlet obstruction, and has important implications for improving outcomes.     

Kidney,ureter,bladder

<正>209255 Minimally invasive surgical procedures treated urinary calculi caused by melamine in infants/Wang Xiang(Dept Urol,Children’s Hosp Fudan Univ,Shanghai 210102)…∥Chin J urol.-2009,30(2).-103~106Objective To report experience of minimally invasive surgery of urinary calculi caused by melamine in infants.Methods Retrospectively reviewed the treatments and outcomes of 36 cases with urinary calculi caused by melamine from November 2007 to October 2008.13 girls and 23 boys aged 8 to 36 months after daily consumption for six month or more of milk products tainted with melamine.These infants underwent MPCNL,ureteroscopic lithortipsy and placement of ureteral stent,respectively.Results The operations were performed successfully in all patients.Five cases underwent MPCNL.Urteroscopic lithotripsy were performed in fourteen cases.Seventeen cases were placed of ureteral stents.No major complications like hemorrhea,perforation and organic injury were noted.The postoperative hospital stays were 3 to 10 days.All cases were follwed up for 1 to 12 months.Calculus had no recurence.Hydronephrosis and hydroureterosis disappeared or lightened.Growth and development were normal.Conclusion Various kinds of minimally invasive surgical procedures is safe and effective treatments for urinary caused by melamine in infants,applicable in calculi with urinary obstruction especially.8 refs.     

Assessment of multimodality therapy for thymoma

Background This study was designed to analyze the accuracy and reliability of several prognostic indicators for long-term survival of thymoma patients. Methods Data from 142 patients treated for thymoma at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 1954 to January 2001 were retrospectively analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox＇s proportional hazards model test were used for single and multi-variable analyses respectively. The Log-rank test was used to compare survival between groups. Results The sizes and extent of the tumors were classified as I-IV according to the Masaoka clinical staging scale. Respective 5- and 10-year survival rates were： 93.8% and 79.2% in stage I, 79.3% and 55.2% in stage II, 53.1% and 34.4% in stage III, and no survivors in stage IV. Among 30 patients with associated myasthenia gravis, 19 had generalized myasthenia gravis and 11 had ocular myasthenia gravis; 5- and 10-year survival rates were 83.3% and 60.0%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year survival rates for 112 patients without myasthenia gravis were 53.6% and 42.0%, respectively. Eighty-four patients had radical resection and nine had palliative resection. Eighty-nine patients had radiotherapy and 55 patients had postoperative radiotherapy. Single or multi-variable analyses showed that the main prognostic indicators are Masaoka clinical staging, thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis, and the treatment method. Conclusions The most important indicators of long-term survival in thymoma are Masaoka clinical staging and the completeness of resection. The primary treatment method for thymoma should be wide tumor resection. Pre- and/or postoperative radio- and/or chemotherapy should be given according to individual treatment requirements.     

胆管内照射支架的研制及临床应用的初步结果

目的 探讨胆管内照射支架研制、临床使用的可行性、安全性及初步疗效.方法 经本院医学伦理委员会许可,术前履行告知义务并获得同意后,对临床诊断明确的恶性胆管梗阻患者进行内照射支架置入术.收集2008年11月至2009年11月东南大学附属中大医院12例恶性胆管梗阻患者,采用经皮肝内胆管穿刺方法,将外支架和与之匹配的内支架先后置入至病变部位并使两者套叠,术后进行临床随访.结果 l2例患者胆管内照射支架均释放到位,释放过程顺利,释放过程中未出现放射粒子脱落现象;全身ECT复查未发现放射源泄漏;术后患者阻黄症状得到明显改善,血象和免疫指标亦未见明显变化,未出现如胆管穿孔、出血等并发症;其中位生存期7.40个月,平均生存期8.03个月.结论 胆管内照射支架系统临床使用是可行、安全、有效的,其临床长期疗效需进一步随访观察及对照研究.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficiency of a new biliary intraluminal irradiation stent system loaded with 125I seeds. Methods The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of our hospital, and informed consent was obtained from each patient. Patients with malignant biliary obstruction were treated with a new biliary irradiation stent system loaded with 125I seeds according to a treatment plan system. All of the biliary seeds carrying devices combined with the matched biliary stents were placed by the procedures of percutaneous transhepatic biliary puncture. After stents implantation, all patients were followed-up. Results The whole biliary stent systems loaded with 125I seeds were successfully placed in 12 patients, no 125I seeds exfoliation during the procedure and no radioactive leakage by general emission computed tomography reexamination during the follow-up were observed. The obstructive jaundice relived and the systemic conditions improved remarkably in all patients. There were no complications related to the stents, such as biliary perforation or hemobilia, were observed. And no significant change in the blood routine and immune paraneters detected before and after operation during the follow-up were observed. The median survival period was 7.40 months (95% CI 6. 204-8. 596) and the mean survival period was 8. 03 months (95% CI 6. 142 - 9. 909). Conclusion Development of a new biliary intraluminal irradiation stent system loaded with 125I seeds is technically feasible and safe, treatment of this stent system has potential benefits of extending survival, however the long-term clinical efficacy needs to be certificated by further follow-up observation and control trials.     

金属内支架在治疗胆道恶性梗阻中的应用

目的 评价金属内支架对胆道恶性梗阻的临床应用价值。对４例胆总管癌、１例胰头癌和１例壶腹癌所致梗阻性黄疸进行金属内支架置入术。５例经经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术（ＰＴＣＤ）后置入,１例经Ｔ管置入,共置６枚支架,支架直径为８￣１０ｍｍ,长度为６￣８ｃｍ。术前及术后２周检测肝功能。结果 支架置入术后患者黄疸逐步产以、消失,肝功能明显好转。随访１ａ支架无移位及于再狭窄。结论金属内支架置入术是治疗胆道恶性梗阻珠安     

肝癌合并梗阻性黄疸的双介入治疗临床研究

目的探讨胆道支架置放结合动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌合并梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法24例肝癌合并梗阻性黄疸患者行经皮穿肝胆道引流术后，采用置放胆道支架（总计31枚）结合动脉化疗栓塞（总计51次）的治疗方法。分别观察血清胆红素下降程度，手术并发症，并随访患者生存期和胆道支架维持通畅时间。结果24例患者PTCD成功率100％，治疗后总胆红素明显下降，由（201．8±154．7）μmol／L降至（120．8±106．7）μmol／L。引流通畅中位时间6．1个月，全组生存中位时间6．2个月。结论胆道支架置放结合动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌合并梗阻性黄疸有较好疗效。     

经皮肝穿胆道引流围术期常见并发症的防治

目的探讨经皮肝穿胆道引流围术期常见并发症发生的原因、预防和治疗方法。方法241例恶性阻塞性黄疸患者,行经皮肝穿胆道引流术,单纯内外引流管置入123例,支架118例,其中置入2枚支架者21例。结果术中术后并发症94例,发生率为39．00％,分别为胆心综合征或胆心反射21例,胆道大出血12例,引流管堵塞34例,菌血症13例,胆汁异常分泌7例,引流管脱出异位致胆汁性腹膜炎4例,支架位置不佳3例。结论经皮肝穿胆道引流围术期常见并发症应以预防为主,规范操作减少并发症的发生,分析并发症产生的原因提高并发症的处理能力。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗及其疗效分析

目的探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗方法及其疗效。方法对52例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,其中:原发行肝癌10例,胆管癌18例,胰头癌9例,胆囊癌3例,肝门淋巴结转移11例,壶腹部癌1例,行金属内支架置入术及经皮肝穿胆汁引流术。结果 52例中,36例行金属内支架置入术,16例行单纯外引流或内外引流,术后胆红素平均下降(128.55±93.86)μmol/L。52例患者均获得随访,平均生存9个月,最长已29个月。结论经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流加内支架置入术,是姑息性治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的安全、有效方法,能提高患者的生命质量及延长生存期。     

胆道支架置放结合动脉化疗栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的 探讨胆道支架置放结合动脉化疗栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法 28例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行经皮穿肝胆道引流术后,采用置放胆道支架（总计33枚）结合动脉化疗栓塞（总计53次）的治疗方法。分别观察血清胆红素下降程度,手术并发症,并随访患者生存期和胆道支架维持通畅时间。结果 28例患者中2例失访,平均生存期为17．7个月,平均支架维持通畅时间为15．3个月。结论 胆道支架置放结合动脉化疗栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸有较好疗效。     

经皮穿肝胆道引流(PTBD)结合经动脉灌注化疗(TAI)治疗胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸

 目的  评价经皮穿肝胆道引流(percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage,PTBD)结合经动脉灌注化疗(transarterial infusion,TAI)治疗中晚期胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸的临床价值。方法  回顾性收集伴有梗阻性黄疸的胰头癌患者 28例,所有患者均先行PTBD解除胆道梗阻症状,待有效引流后行经动脉灌注化疗。分析患者的临床受益反应（clinical benefit response,CBR）、支架通畅时间、生存期和并发症。结果  28例患者共行PTBD 28次,胆红素由术前(168.9±64.1) μmol/L降到术后最低(37.2±6.2) μmol/L,其中15例放置胆道支架,支架平均通畅时间为10.6个月,共接受经动脉灌注化疗 81次,所有病例均未出现Ⅲ~Ⅳ不良反应,总临床受益反应为64.3%,平均生存期7.07个月。结论  PTBD结合经动脉灌注化疗是治疗中晚期胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸患者安全可行的办法。     

经皮穿肝胆道引流术(PTCD)辅助支架置放治疗胆管和十二指肠恶性梗阻

 目的 总结采用经皮穿肝胆道引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD)及经PTCD途径逆行建立输送通道置放十二指肠支架治疗胰头癌、十二指肠乳头癌伴发胆道梗阻及十二指肠梗阻的体会,评价该方法的可行性和有效性。方法 3例高龄女性患者,年龄88～92岁,CT、MRI或胃镜检查诊断为胰头癌胆道梗阻2例,十二指肠乳头癌1例。3例患者均接受了PTCD术,其中2例患者在胆道内置放金属内支架,1例患者置放外引流导管。3例患者均在PTCD术后2.5～4个月出现十二指肠道梗阻。经PTCD途径逆行插入导丝,再经食管从口腔拉出,用作辅助导丝,在辅助导丝支撑下建立输送通道,通过支架输送系统置放支架。结果 3例患者支架置入后能进流质或半流质饮食。3例患者分别随访29、28、7个月,支架通畅,患者全身状况好。结论 联合采用PTCD及经PTCD途径逆行建立输送通道置放十二指肠支架治疗低位十二指肠梗阻方法可行,疗效确切。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗与近期疗效分析

目的探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸患者介入治疗的近期疗效并进行分析。方法 34例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,其中原发行肝癌14例,胆管癌8例,胰头癌4例,肝门淋巴结转移8例,行金属内支架置入术及经皮肝穿胆汁引流术。结果 19例行金属内支架置入术,15例行单纯外引流或内外引流术,术后胆红素平均下降（120.55±89.86）mmol/L,术后1个月、3个月、6个月的生存率分别为100%（34/34）、97.0%（33/34）、58.8（19/34）%。结论介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸方法简单,近期疗效确切,能延长患者生命。     

内镜下回收金属气管支架的临床分析

目的 探讨通过内镜回收金属气管支架的指征和方法.方法 2005年11月至2009年11月对43例金属气管支架置入患者(男27例,女16例,年龄8～82岁)通过硬质支气管镜(硬质镜)和(或)软质支气管镜(软质镜)回收47个气管支架,其中Z型不锈钢支架(Z型支架)组25例27个支架(被膜支架25个,裸支架2个),镍钛记忆合金网状支架(网状支架)组18例20个支架(裸支架16个,被膜支架4个).回收前29个被膜支架中26个(89.7%)两端有肉芽或肿瘤组织增生并导致气管狭窄,3个(10.3%)出现断裂;18个裸支架中17个(94.4%)被肉芽或肿瘤组织覆盖并导致气管狭窄,15个(83.3%)出现断裂.裸支架断裂率高于被膜支架(P<0.01).结果 47个支架成功回收38个,回收率80.9%.15例(39.5%)全麻后在硬质镜下取出支架,23例(60.5%)在软质镜下取出支架(20例为局麻、3例为无痛麻醉).Z型支架回收率85.2%(23/27),成功回收者均为被膜支架,软质镜下取出20个(87.0%),硬质镜下取出3个(13.0%);2个被膜支架和2个裸支架冈肉芽组织包埋未能取出.网状支架回收率75.0%(15/20),其中裸支架13个、被膜支架2个,硬质镜下取出12个(80.0%),软质镜下取出3个(20.0%);3个裸支架和2个被膜支架未取出.回收支架中,被膜支架完整率为84.0%(21/25),而裸支架破损率高达92.3%(12/13).取出的Z型被膜支架和网状裸支架在患者体内的滞留时间分别为(3.5±0.6)和(10.7±3.6)个月.38例取出支架的患者术中发生大出血4例(10.5%),黏膜撕裂15例(39.5%),无手术死亡病例.结论 金属气管支架置入患者支架回收的指征是支架出现金属疲劳、断裂或严重移位,局部肉芽或肿瘤组织过度增生致气管再狭窄等.良性气道狭窄以置入支架后3～4个月取出为宜.网状或Z型被膜支架可在局麻下应用软质镜回收,而裸支架多需全麻下采用硬质镜回收.     

双支架治疗食管癌引起的重度气管狭窄

目的探讨气管、食管双支架留置术治疗恶性气管、食管狭窄的安全性和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析16例食管癌联合重度气管狭窄的患者行气管及食管腔内支架植入术的方法,相关的术中麻醉支持和指征监测及围术期处理。结果所有患者均成功置入气管、食管双支架,手术成功率100%。共放置内支架32枚（气管支架及食管支架各16个）。术后肺通气功能及吞咽功能均明显改善。术后生存期〈3个月者3例,3～6个月8例,〉6个月5例。结论气管、食管双支架留置术是治疗恶性气管、食管狭窄安全、有效的治疗方法。对于同时伴有气管、食管狭窄的患者,应首先置入气管支架。