mSiO2-IDA对Cu2+、Cd2+金属离子的吸附

在介孔二氧化硅（mSiO₂）的表面接枝了亚氨基二乙酸官能团（IDA）合成了mSiO₂-IDA吸附剂,研究了mSiO₂-IDA对Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺两种金属离子的吸附效果。通过元素分析仪（EA）、傅里叶红外型光谱仪（FT-IR）等表征手段表明IDA成功地接枝到mSiO₂的表面,考察了溶液的pH、初始浓度和吸附时间对吸附Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺的影响。结果显示,当pH=5,t=30 min时,2 g/L mSiO₂-IDA对溶液中的Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺去除率分别达到97.9%和92.1%。通过吸附动力学数据可知,拟二级动力学方程能更好地描述mSiO₂-IDA对Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附过程,它属于Langmuir等温吸附模型;多功能光电子能谱仪（XPS）研究显示mSiO₂-IDA对Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附机制并不相同。     

原位合成四氧化三锰处理模拟核电厂含Co2+放射性废水

在硼酸体系中,以⁵⁹Co作为模拟非放射性同位素研究了原位合成四氧化三锰处理模拟核电厂放射性废水中Co²⁺的工艺条件。考察了反应时间、n(Mn²⁺):n(Co²⁺)、空气流量、反应温度以及pH对出水Co²⁺质量浓度的影响,并由正交试验L₉(4³)优化工艺条件。研究表明:在废水Co²⁺初始质量浓度10mg/L,硼酸质量浓度(以B计)1000mg/L条件下,最佳工艺条件为反应时间105min、n(Mn²⁺):n(Co²⁺)=25:1、空气流量0.7L/min、反应温度65℃以及pH10.5,在此条件下出水Co²⁺质量浓度约为5.68ng/L,去除效率大于99.99%,产物经XRD分析证明沉渣为Mn₃O₄和CoMn₂O₄混合物。     

羟胺促进柠檬酸-Fe2+活化过碳酸钠降解三氯乙烯

研究了柠檬酸（CA）螯合Fe²⁺活化过碳酸盐体系中投加盐酸羟胺（HAH）对三氯乙烯（TCE）的去除效果。结果发现,HAH能有效将Fe³⁺还原为Fe²⁺,强化TCE的去除效果。当TCE初始浓度为0.15 mmol/L时,n_SPC：n_Fe²⁺：n_TCE=5：3：1时,在CA浓度为0.5 mmol/L条件下,HAH最佳投加浓度为1.5 mmol/L,此时TCE去除率为99.6%。·OH对TCE降解的贡献度为79.2%,O₂^-·的贡献度为21.9%。HAH可减轻HCO₃^-对TCE降解的抑制效应,中间产物为甲酸、NO₂^-和NO₃^-。HAH利于SPC/Fe²⁺/CA体系降解TCE,该结果可为实际TCE污染地下水修复提供技术支撑。     

Li2SiO3:Eu3+红色荧光粉的制备与发光性能

以LiOH·H₂O、Si（OC₂H₅）₄和Eu（NO₃）₃·6 H₂O为主要原料,采用简单的机械球磨法,在室温下合成了Li₂SiO₃：Eu³⁺荧光粉前驱体,再经高温灼烧,得到一系列Li₂SiO₃：x% Eu³⁺红色荧光粉。研究了灼烧温度、保温时间及Eu³⁺的物质的量浓度对产物的结构和发光性能的影响。结果表明,当x在1.5~15这个较宽的范围内,随着Eu³⁺物质的量的增加,Li₂SiO₃：x% Eu³⁺荧光粉的物相组成保持不变,且直到x值达到12之后,才出现了浓度淬灭现象;当灼烧温度为1 173 K、保温时间为2 h时,荧光材料的发光强度达到最大值。在467 nm激发下,基于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₂（615 nm）跃迁,Li₂SiO₃：Eu³⁺荧光粉发射出强烈的红光。     

Cu2+对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响及其迁移转化过程

探讨了微生物燃料电池阳极中Cu²⁺对其产电性能的影响以及Cu²⁺的迁移转化过程。微生物燃料电池的阳极中加入质量浓度为5.54~88.64 mg/L的Cu²⁺,使其最大功率密度增加到536.6 mW/m²,此时Cu²⁺去除率大于95%。大部分的Cu²⁺（89.24%）被生物膜吸附或还原,6.15%的Cu²⁺沉积在阳极室底部,3.12%的Cu²⁺附着在石墨阳极表面,只有极少量Cu²⁺（小于0.1%）迁移到了阴极,Cu²⁺对微生物燃料电池的最低致毒质量浓度为22.16 mg/L。通过SEM-EDS和XPS分析得出大部分Cu²⁺（63.56%）在微生物燃料电池的生物膜表面被还原为Cu⁺和Cu⁰。这一发现将为去除和回收有机废水中的重金属提供新的思路。     

疏水性胍类离子液体萃取水溶液中的重金属离子

合成了疏水性胍类离子液体,考察室温下离子液体对水溶液中金属离子（Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺）的萃取能力。实验结果表明该离子液体对Fe³⁺萃取具有高选择性,萃取率为90%;对其他金属离子萃取率仅为40%左右。为了进一步研究离子液体对Fe³⁺的萃取性能,分别从两相体积比、萃取时间、金属离子起始浓度及溶液pH等因素研究了其对Fe³⁺的捕集效果。结果表明：室温下,0.2 mL离子液体与5 mL的FeCl₃溶液超声混合5 min后,溶液中Fe³⁺萃取率为90%;且溶液中金属离子的起始浓度对萃取效果影响较小,但溶液pH对其影响较大。通过实验与理论计算发现,离子液体对Fe³⁺的萃取过程存在阳离子交换与离子对的共同作用机制,但离子对作用占主导地位。     

不同来源葡萄糖氧化酶的分离纯化及其生物催化特性

采用离子交换层析法对4种不同来源的葡萄糖氧化酶（Glucose oxidase, GOD,EC 1.1.3.4）进行分离纯化,纯化后酶的相对分子质量约为130 kDu,为双亚基酶。纯化后的4种酶的酶学性质相对稳定,对pH有较宽的响应范围。温度为20～50℃时,随着温度的升高酶活降低且稳定性较好;温度为55℃时稳定性较差;而在60℃时则失活。金属离子如Fe²⁺、Co²⁺、Mg²⁺和Cu²⁺对4种酶都有较强的抑制作用,Fe²⁺的抑制尤其明显,而螯合剂EDTA可以激活酶的活性。在30℃、pH为7.0的条件下,以不同浓度（20～100 mmol/L）的葡萄糖为底物分别测定4种酶的米氏常数（K_m）和催化常数（K_cat）。通过光谱和色谱对4种葡萄糖氧化酶进行检测,虽然氨基酸组成有明显不同,但二维结构基本一致,而GOD前体goxC和修饰蛋白如过氧化氢酶、过氧化氢酶前体和Pc16g04630等可能是提高GOD催化效率和工业应用的分子基础。     

MPA稳定的CdTe量子点合成及Cu2+检测应用

通过水相法制备3-巯基丙酸(MPA)稳定的碲化镉量子点(CdTe QDs),即MPA-CdTe QDs。研究Cu²⁺对发射波长为599 nm的MPA-CdTe QDs荧光猝灭效应,发现Cu²⁺浓度与荧光猝灭强度之间满足Stern-Volmer修正方程的线性关系。通过多项式拟合得出Cu²⁺浓度在2.28×10^-6~18.24×10^-6 mol/L和4.8×10^-7~12×10^-7mol/L两个区间范围内与MPA-CdTe QDs的荧光强度F₀/F的多项式关系分别为:F₀/F=7.999-2.470c+0.339c²,F₀/F=3.154-0.160 c+0.049 c²,拟合度分别为0.991,0.993。MPA-CdTe QDs对Cu²⁺检测限可达1.326×10^-7 mol/L。     

中空纤维膜反应器结合芬顿试剂脱除燃煤烟气中的Hg0

将中空纤维膜反应器和芬顿试剂结合脱除烟气中的Hg⁰。研究了不同参数以及SO₂、NO和O₂等杂质气体对Hg⁰脱除的影响。结果表明：随着H₂O₂浓度、Fe²⁺浓度、溶液初始pH和温度的增加,Hg⁰脱除率先增加后降低,其最佳工作条件是H₂O₂浓度为6 mmol/L,Fe²⁺浓度为9 mmol/L,溶液初始pH为2.5,温度为20℃;增大液气比和通过减小气相流量增大停留时间均对Hg⁰脱除有增强作用,当液气比超过0.11时,Hg⁰的脱除率不再增加;当气相流量为0.6 L/min时,Hg⁰脱除率超过85%;SO₂、NO对Hg⁰的脱除有抑制作用,O₂对Hg⁰的脱除几乎没有影响;还测定出温度20℃下中空纤维膜反应器的比相界面积a=270.29 m^-1和传质动力学参数k_L=8.13×10^-4 m/s,k_G=0.786×10^-6 mol/（m²·s·Pa）。     

基于壁温信号EMD解析的气固流化床结片预警

气固流化床反应器在生产中易产生结片或结块,严重影响反应器的安全稳定运行。对气固流化床中的壁温信号进行经验模态分解(EMD),发现其高频本征模函数IMF1及IMF2在有结片产生时显著增大,其能量的滑动平均值(E_m)能有效地指示初始结片的产生。运用主元分析(PCA)方法处理不同样本的E_m值,得到结片检测统计量(T²)及结片控制上限(UCL),并进一步提出了判断结片产生的E检测法:当T²T²≥UCL时,流化床内有结片产生。工业应用结果表明,与传统的壁温波动判别法和铯源结块探测法相比,E检测法能提前预警结片。     

Biodegradation characteristics of environmental endocrine disruptor di-n-butyl phthalate

The biodegradation characteristics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, were studied by the method of dominant bacteria and immobilized microorganisms. Methods Taking DBP as the only carbon source to acclimatize the collected activated sludge, the concentration of DBP increased progressively in the process of acclimatization. Plate streaking was used to separate 1 strain of the degradation dominant bacteria after acclimatization. Better conditions to degrade DBP by the bacterium could be obtained through orthogonal experiments and the bacterium was identified. Then the acclimated activated sludge was made to immobilize the microorganism using polyvinyl alcohol as entrapment agent. The immobilized microorganism degraded DBP at different conditions. Results The appropriate conditions to degrade DBP by the dominant bacteria were: degradation time, 32 h; DBP concentration, 200 mg/L; rate of shaking incubator, 100 r/min; pH, 7 and temperature, 30℃. DBP could be degraded by more than 95% under such conditions. The bacteria were identified as pseudomonas. The proliferated immobilized microorganisms degraded DBP more effectively and more adapted to temperature and pH than the free acclimated activated sludge. Conclusion One strain of DBP degradation dominant bacteria was separated from the acclimatized activated sludge. It could grow with DBP as the only carbon source and energy, and degraded DBP effectively. After having been immobilized and proliferated, the dominant bacteria could keep a higher biological activity and degrade DBP more effectively than activated sludge.     

The effect of neferine on foam cell formation by anti-low density lipoprotein oxidation

Summary Oxidatively modified low density lipoprtein (LDL) plays an important role in atheroslerosis (AS) development. To investigate the role of neferine (Nef) in anti-LDL oxidation and foam cell formation, the lipoprotein was derived and subjected to three different treatments: N-LDL (normal LDL), Cu²⁺+LDL and Cu²⁺ + Nef+LDL. The LDLs were put at 25 C for 24 h and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were determined. They were 0. 57 ±0. 02, 6. 01 ±0. 22 and 2. 26±0.13 nmol/mg protein, respectively. The difference was very significant (P<0. 01) for each two groups byt test. Mouse peritoneal macrophage (MΦ) were exposed to 50 μg protein/ml of Cu²⁺+LDL and Cu²⁺+Nef+LDL at 37 °C for 60 h. The tryglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC content in MΦ were assayed. The results showed that Cu²⁺+ LDL was more efficient than Cu²⁺+Nef+ LDL in stimulating lipid accumulation in MΦ(P <0. 001). The study demonstrated that Nef could inhibit Cu²⁺-mediated LDL oxidation and thereby inhibiting macrophage-derived foam cell formation.     

Phenolic composition and inhibitory activity of Mangifera indica and Mucuna urens seeds extracts against key enzymes linked to the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes

ObjectiveTo investigate the phenolic compounds composition and the inhibitory activity of Mangifera indica (M. indica) and Mucuna urens (M. urens) seeds extracts against some key enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase and aldose reductase) implicated in the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes in vitro.MethodsReverse phase chromatographic quantification of the major flavonoids and phenolic acids in the seeds extracts was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. The inhibitory activities of the seeds extracts against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were estimated using soluble starch and ρ-nitrophenylglucopyranoside as their respective substrates. Inhibition of aldose reductase activity by the extracts was assayed using partially purified lens homogenate of normal male rat as source of enzyme; inhibition of Fe²⁺-induced lipid peroxidation by extracts was tested in rat pancreas homogenate.ResultsThe chromatography result revealed that extracts of both seeds had appreciable levels of some major flavonoids and phenolic acids of pharmacological importance, including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol. Extracts of both seeds effectively inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase and aldose reductase activities in a dose-dependent manner, having inhibitory preference for these enzymes in the order of aldose reductase>α-glucosidase>α-amylase. With lower half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase, M. indica had stronger inhibitory potency against these enzymes than M. urens. Extracts of both seeds also inhibited Fe²⁺-induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent pattern, with M. indica being more potent than M. urens.ConclusionsThe results obtained provide support for a possible use of M. indica and M. urens seeds in managing hyperglycemia and preventing the complications associated with it in type 2 diabetes.     

Microbial degradation of aniline by bacterial consortium

Objective To investigate the characteristics of microbial degradation of aniline by a stable bacterial consortium. Methods The bacterial consortium was isolated from activated sludge treating chemical wastewater using aniline as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen by enrichment     

静脉输注间充质干细胞可稳定动脉粥样硬化易损斑块

目的建立动脉粥样硬化易损斑块(VP)模型,并静脉输注骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),验证MSCs对VP稳定性的影响。方法雄性新西兰兔24只,随机分为3组,VP组(n=8)制作VP模型;VP+MSCs组(n=8)制作VP模型后即刻静脉输注1×107 MSCs;SP组(n=8)制作稳定斑块模型。12周末处死所有动物,取右侧颈总动脉行H-E染色和Masson染色,并测量纤维帽厚度和脂核横截面厚度的比值。行免疫组化染色检测斑块内基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)的含量。结果 H-E染色结果:VP组斑块中心可见大量脂核,斑块表面覆盖较薄纤维帽,在斑块肩部可见残存泡沫细胞和大量炎细胞浸润,部分斑块可见破裂及(或)血栓形成;SP组镜下可见粥样硬化斑块形态结构完整,纤维帽较厚,斑块内炎细胞较少,未见斑块破裂;VP+MSCs组形态介于两者之间。帽/核比值SP组>VP+MSCs组>VP组,VP组与VP+MSCs组和SP组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Masson染色结果:SP组平滑肌细胞和弹力纤维含量高于其他两组,VP+MSCs组次之,VP组最少。斑块内MMP-2表达水平:VP组斑块内MMP-2大量表达,主要位于纤维帽和脂质核心;与VP组相比,VP+MSCs组和SP组MMP-2的表达减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);VP+MSCs组MMP-2表达高于SP组(P<0.01)。结论 MSCs静脉输注干预兔VP模型,可降低斑块不稳定性,其机制可能与减少炎性细胞聚集、降低MMP-2含量、减少胶原纤维降解有关。     

Effects and its possible mechanism of Radix Saposhnikoviae on rat colonic smooth muscle in vitro

Objective: To determine the effect of different concentrations of Radix Saposhnikoviae (RS) on the contraction of smooth muscle strips and the Ca2+ mobilization of cultured smooth muscle cells of rat colon and its possible mechanism of action. Methods: Strips of rat colon longitudinal muscle were prepared and smooth muscle cells from rat colon were isolated and cultured. In the experiments, in vitro muscle strips were suspended in an organ bath and the contraction of the strips was recorded. In the cell-experiments, intracellular Ca2+ was assessed using fluorescent intensity (FI) of smooth muscle cells loaded with Fluo-4/AM, measured with a laser scanning confocal microscope and related software. Results: In the in vitro experiment, RS (0.02, 0.2, 2, 20 g/L) inhibited contraction of muscle strips in a concentration-dependent manner, and this inhibition was significant for the three higher RS concentrations (P < 0.01) for both Peak (the maximal contraction amplitude) and Area (the area under curves). Similarly, RS inhibited Ach-induced contraction. In these experiments the inhibition of the Peak values in the RS 2 and 20 g/L groups was significant (P < 0.01), as was the inhibition of the Area values in all RS groups (P < 0.05). Naloxone and propranolol did not significantly affect the inhibitory effect of RS on smooth muscle contractility, while phentolamine significantly reduced the inhibitory effect (P < 0.01). In experiments using primary smooth muscle cell cultures in Ca2+ - containing buffer, the post-treatment fluorescence of cells in the RS 0.2, 2 and 20 g/L groups differed significantly from pre-treatment values (P < 0.05), and the percent inhibition of fluorescence in the RS 2 g/L and 20 g/L groups was significant (P < 0.01). However, in Ca2+-free buffer, FS had no significant effect on cell fluorescence. Conclusion: RS inhibited both the spontaneous and Ach-stimulated contraction of rat colonic smooth muscle strips. This RS effect appeared to involve α-adrenoceptors, but not β-adrenoceptors or opioid receptors. In cultured primary smooth muscle cells, RS reduced the mobilization of Ca2+ from extracellular sources, but may had no effect on the release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum.