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1.
不同时期异位妊娠发病相关因素的对比分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨不同时期异位妊娠发病相关因素的差异。方法对123例(前期组)和161例(后期组)的异位妊娠患者的相关因素进行回顾性对比分析。结果20岁以下、20-25岁、36岁以上3个年龄段不同时期异位妊娠的比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);后期组平均人流次数较前期组升高,而前期组平均分娩次数高于后期组(P<0.05);后期组在校学生构成比占4.35%,高于前期组(P<0.05);后期组生殖道感染史41.25%和前次异位妊娠史10.56%明显高于前期组(P<0.01)。结论在校学生患异位妊娠的机会在逐年增加,应加强其性知识和性病防治知识教育以降低异位妊娠发生率。  相似文献   

2.
不同时期异位妊娠发病相关因素的对比研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的:探讨不同时期异位妊娠发病相关因素的差异,以探索切实可行的干预措施.方法:对我院1994年1~12月间(前期组)178例和2004年1~12月间(后期组)414例异位妊娠患者的发病相关因素进行了回顾性分析,包括发病年龄、婚姻状况、孕产史、职业分布、文化程度、既往病史和治疗情况等.结果:两组患者平均年龄差异无显著性,但后期组20岁以下及20~25岁年龄段构成比显著增高;未婚女性由1994年的7.87%升高至2004年的28.02%,未育女性由1994年的35.96%升高至2004年的57.01%(P<0.01);职业分布农民的构成比明显下降,学生、个体、待业和干部等逐年升高;既往病史中前期组以安环史为主要病史,占69.67%,后期组中生殖道感染史和前次异位妊娠史显著上升,分别占61.83%和15.22%.结论:10年来异位妊娠的发病相关因素发生了变化,采取针对措施可以降低异位妊娠的发生率.  相似文献   

3.
不同时期异位妊娠发病因素的对比分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 探讨不同时期异位妊娠发病因素的差异,以探索切实可行的干预措施.方法 对北京妇产医院1995年10月1日~1996年9月30日(Ⅰ组)186例和2005年10月1日~2006年9月30日(Ⅱ组)382例,异位妊娠患者发病的因素进行回顾性分析,包括:年龄、职业、孕产史、既往病史以及阴道灌洗史、宫颈治疗史、人工助孕史、口服紧急避孕药等.结果 两组患者平均年龄差异无显著性,Ⅱ组20岁以下、21~25岁及26~30岁年龄段构成比明显增加,未育女性较10年前明显升高(P<0.05).职业分布工人、农民的构成比明显下降,学生、个体、无业人员和干部、职员的构成比逐年上升,既往史中Ⅰ组以放环为主要病史,Ⅱ组宫腔操作史、生殖道感染史、异位妊娠史及其他腹部手术史显著上升.阴道灌洗史、宫颈治疗史、人工助孕史、口服紧急避孕药史及吸烟史均较Ⅰ组明显增高.结论 十年来异位妊娠发病因素发生了变化,应采取相应的针对措施,以降低异位妊娠的发生.  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨梅州市人民医院客家人群15年来消化系统恶性肿瘤疾病谱特点,为医院管理及疾病的防治提供参考。方法选择1997年1月1日至2011年12月31日间于梅州市人民医院因原发性消化系统恶性肿瘤第一次住院,籍贯为梅州市、民族为汉族的客家人患者,按照1997-2001年、2002-2006年、2007-2011年三个时间段统计其单病种构成比及顺位变化、死亡构成比及顺位变化。结果1997-2001年、2002-2006年、2007-2011年三个时间段食管、胃、结直肠恶性肿瘤构成比始终居前3位,三种肿瘤构成比总和均超过80%。其中食管恶性肿瘤第二、第三时间段单病种构成比较第一时间分别下降了约8%及12%,与第一时间段相比差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000;P=0.000);而结直肠恶性肿瘤单病种构成比明显上升(P=0.000)。在这3个时间段中,肝恶性肿瘤是导致患者死亡的首位原因,第二、第三时间段差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。食管恶性肿瘤死亡构成比下降(P=0.015),以第二时间段的死亡构成较第一时间段下降明显(P=0.004)。结论应针对该地区消化系统恶性肿瘤疾病谱的变化,坚持健康教育,合理配置卫生资源。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨不同节育措施与异位妊娠发病的关系及预防措施。方法:采用回顾性临床研究方法,对285例异位妊娠患者节育方式的临床资料进行回顾性分析,应用Logigtic回归分析方法筛查节育方式与异位妊娠发生的相关因素。结果:多变量逻辑回归分析不同节育方式与异位妊娠发病的相关因素及比数比(OR)值,输卵管吻合(OR=54.85,P=0.000),宫内节育器(OR=11.29,P=0.002),无避孕措施(OR=4.75,P=0.046),阴茎套(OR=1.27,P=0.002),输卵管切除或结扎(OR=0.06,P=0.049),口服避孕药(OR=0.10,P=0.05)。结论:输卵管吻合,宫内节育器、无避孕措施和不严格的阴茎套避孕,为异位妊娠发生的危险因素;输卵管切除及绝育、口服避孕药是保护因素。  相似文献   

6.
目的观察甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗早期异位妊娠的临床疗效、不良反应及远期影响。方法纳入2011年1月至2013年6月在我院妇产科诊断为早期异位妊娠的患者85例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组43例,对照组42例。观察组使用甲氨蝶呤肌肉注射联合米非司酮口服,对照组单用甲氨蝶呤,治疗后比较两组患者的临床疗效、起效时间及不良反应,并随访观察治疗后一年半的妊娠情况。结果两组患者的终止妊娠成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.745);但观察组起效时间较对照组快,血β-h CG转阴时间、包块消失时间及住院时间少于对照组(P=0.001、P=0.002、P=0.000)。两组一年半随访术后宫内妊娠、再次异位妊娠和继发性不孕情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P=0.910、P=0.682、P=0.782)。结论甲氨蝶呤与米非司酮联合应用于终止早期异位妊娠疗效确切,不良反应较少,疗程和术后恢复较单用甲氨蝶呤短,且对远期生育力无影响,值得临床推广使用。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨早发型子痫前期期待治疗的适宜时间及终止妊娠时机。方法回顾性分析自2012年4月至2014年4月在首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院治疗的65例早发型子痫前期患者的发病情况及妊娠结局,将65例患者根据发病孕周分为A、B两组。28~31~(+6)周的38例为A组(58.5%,28/65),32~34周的27例为B组(41.5%,27/65)。结果 A、B两组患者发病年龄、自觉症状、妊娠延长天数差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、P=0.028、P=0.000)。A、B组并发HELLP(hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and low platelet syndrome,HELLP)综合征及胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)的发生率差异有统计学意义(P=0.045、P=0.000)。A、B组分娩孕周、出生体质量差异有统计学意义(P=0.000,P=0.043)。结论早发型子痫前期围生儿结局与分娩孕周、出生体质量、孕妇发病的孕周密切相关,发病越早,病情越严重,围生儿合并症的发病率越高。尽早干预治疗,严密观察母婴安危,个性化的选择适宜的分娩孕周,可获得最佳的母婴结局。  相似文献   

8.
异位妊娠274例临床比较分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 分析异位妊娠的发病危险因素、临床表现及治疗效果.方法 274例异位妊娠按年度分成3组,2005年组87例,2006年组91例,2007年组96例.对比分析发病年龄、危险因素、临床表现、治疗方法 及治疗效果.结果 2007年组患者年龄明显年轻化,平均年龄28.10岁(P<0.05);未婚患者增多,17例,占17.7%.危险因素中人工流产(包括药物流产、无痛流产)2次以上者:2005年组65.5%, 2006年组63.7%,2007年组75.0%.宫腔镜插管注射甲氨喋呤(MTX) 口服米非司酮15例,全部治愈.腹腔镜手术与剖腹手术相比损伤小、住院时间短.结论异位妊娠发病年龄有年轻化趋势,人工流产在异位妊娠的发生中起着重要作用,腹腔镜手术和宫腔镜手术在异位妊娠的治疗中将成为主要方法 .  相似文献   

9.
目的分析妊娠中、后期血栓弹力图(TEG)参数与重度子痫前期发病的相关性。方法 2017年1月—2018年12月重庆市第五人民医院产科诊治重度子痫前期孕妇203例(观察组)、就诊健康孕妇1 321例(对照组),采用倾向性匹配模型对2组孕妇进行匹配,比较匹配后2组孕妇的临床特征、妊娠中期(妊娠第13~20周)和妊娠晚期(妊娠第35-40周)TEG参数。采用Logistic回归分析孕妇发生重度子痫前期的危险因素。结果共有232例孕妇匹配成功,其中观察组58例,对照组174例。匹配后,观察组孕妇孕前体质量指数(BMI)、高血压家族史比率、妊娠中期TEG参数R时间均高于对照组(t/P=9.651/<0.001、χ~2/P=17.049/0.007、t/P=2.409/0.017),观察组妊娠中期R时间显著高于妊娠晚期(t=2.934,P=0.004);观察组α角低于对照组(t=2.599,P=0.010),妊娠中期高于妊娠晚期(t=4.105,P<0.001);妊娠中期CI值较对照组显著降低(t=28.932,P<0.001),也显著低于本组妊娠晚期值(t=22.881,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,妊娠中期TEG参数R时间(OR=31.726,95%CI11.280~89.249)、α角(OR=2.279,95%CI0.372~0.897)与CI(OR=2.805,95%CI 0.720~0.996)是孕妇发生重度子痫前期的的独立发病因素,其他独立发病因素还有高血压家族史(OR=3.792,95%CI 1.216~11.483)和BMI(OR=2.839,95%CI1.146~7.364)。结论TEG测定的凝血指数是重度子痫前期发病的早期标志物,能够有效鉴别重度子痫孕妇的凝血状态。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨异位妊娠发病逐年上升的影响因素.方法对我院1996年1月~2004年12月719例异位妊娠病例临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果异位妊娠发生率逐年上升,由1996年2.45%上升到2004年10.47%.好发年龄为≤30岁占76.9%,异位妊娠病人普遍曾经有人工流产史占81.2%,盆腔炎症占32.8%,使用过宫内节育器(IUD)22.2%比例也较高.结论异位妊娠的发生与年龄、职业、文化程度有关及人工流产、盆腔感染、IUD有一定关系.采取安全有效的避孕措施,杜绝不洁性生活,预防与及时治疗盆腔炎等妇科疾病,可有效降低异位妊娠的发生.  相似文献   

11.
Background  Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids may beneficially influence healing processes and patient outcomes. The aim of this research was to study the clinical efficacy of fish oil enriched total parenteral nutrition in elderly patients after colorectal cancer surgery.
Methods  Fifty-seven elderly patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. All patients received isocaloric and isonitrogenous total parenteral nutrition by continuous infusion (20–24 hours per day) for seven days after surgery. The control group (n=28) received 1.2 g/kg soybean oil per day, whereas the treatment group (n=29) received 0.2 g/kg fish oil and 1.0 g/kg soybean oil per day. Blood samples were taken pre-operatively, and at days one and eight after the operation. The plasma levels of CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured. Clinical outcomes were then analysed.
Results  Patient characteristics were comparable between the two groups. At day eight post-surgery, IL-6, TNF-α and CD8 titres were lower in the treatment group when compared to the control group; these results reached statistical significance. In the treatment group, there were fewer infectious complications and incidences of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and shorter lengths of hospital stay were observed. The total cost of medical care was comparable for the two groups. No serious adverse events occurred in either group.
Conclusions  Fish oil 0.2 g/kg per day administrated to elderly patients after colorectal surgery was safe and may shorten the length of hospital stay and improve clinical outcomes.
  相似文献   

12.
Background  It is a challenge for the surgeons to accurately diagnose the pancreatic masses preoperatively, which decides the choice of surgical managements and subsequently results in different survivor outcomes, operative complications, and mortality rates. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic role that intra-operative puncture biopsy may play in pancreatic masses and to explore the relevant factors influencing the diagnosis.
Methods A retrospective study was performed on 94 in-patients admitted to Peking University First Hospital for pancreatic masses during the period from June 1994 to December 2007. They all underwent intra-operative puncture biopsy during exploratory laparotomy. The sensitivity and specificity of intra-operative puncture biopsy were calculated and the relevant factors to the diagnosis of biopsy were selected for the statistical analysis.
Results The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of intra-operative puncture biopsy were 76.0%, 94.7%, 98.3% and 50.0%, respectively. The analysis of bivariate correlations showed that the size of the pancreatic masses (P=0.000), the number of puncture biopsies (P=0.000), and the presence of pancreatic fibrosis (P=0.012) had statistic significance for the diagnosis. But the multivariate analysis identified the size of the pancreatic masses (P=0.004) and the number of puncture biopsies (P=0.000) as independent predictive factors for intra-operative puncture biopsy. In addition, as the number of puncture biopsies increased, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis was improved (P=0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of intra-operative puncture biopsy were found to be lower for the pancreatic masses less than 25 mm compared with the masses larger than 25 mm (P=0.000). It was noted, however, that even if the masses were less than 25 mm, the sensitivity and specificity could be improved significantly as the number of puncture biopsies reached 3 to 6 (P=0.007).
Conclusions Intra-operative puncture biopsy is simple and accurate for qualitatively differentiating various types of pancreatic masses. Three to 4 biopsies could significantly improve the diagnostic effect for pancreatic masses, even if the masses are less than 25 mm in size.
  相似文献   

13.
目的本研究通过对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者的血清全段甲状旁腺素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、甲状旁腺素1-84(parathyroid hormone1-84,PTH1-84)、骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,BALP)及骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)浓度的测定,试评价不同的骨转运指标在诊断肾性骨病中的意义。方法选择首都医科大学附属复兴医院维持性血液透析患者74名,采集临床病史及生化系列结果;健康对照组30名。应用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)分别测定2组血清iPTH、PTH1-84、BALP、OC浓度;甲状旁腺素7-84(parathyroid hormone7-84,PTH7-84)浓度由iPTH、PTH1-84相减而得。结果血液透析组患者的血清iPTH、PTH1-84、PTH7-84、BALP均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血清OC浓度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.050)。血透患者的iPTH、PTH1-84均与BALP、OC呈显著正相关(P=0.000)。iPTH与PTH1-84呈显著正相关(r=0.691,P=0.000)。结论血液透析组患者的iPTH与PTH1-84浓度升高,并且与BALP、OC显著相关。将甲状旁腺素的测定与BALP、OC等骨转运指标联合应用,对于肾性骨病的临床诊断有一定的意义。  相似文献   

14.
目的探讨大鼠脑低氧处理后髓鞘的变化情况。方法 3日龄新生大鼠随机分为2组:正常对照组和低氧组。正常组不予处理,低氧组大鼠入封闭容器,充以8%O2+92%N2的混合气体,时间为90min。造模后28d分别取大脑皮质、海马以及侧脑室组织进行电镜观察,并行髓鞘计量分析。结果电镜结果显示,与对照组相比,低氧组大鼠的大脑皮质、海马以及侧脑室组织均出现神经元胞核固缩、碎裂;统计分析结果表明,与对照组相比,低氧组大鼠的大脑皮质、海马以及侧脑室组织的髓鞘化轴突在比例上明显降低。结论单纯脑低氧的造模方法可以成功造成缺氧缺血性脑损伤时脑组织脱髓鞘的病理变化,为后期的动物实验奠定了坚实基础。  相似文献   

15.
Background  Early loading statin therapy before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with reduced mortality and periprocedural myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to study the effect of rosuvastatin loading therapy before PCI in female patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS).
Methods  Consecutive 117 female patients with NSTEACS were randomly assigned to either the group of rosuvastatin loading before PCI (20 mg 12 hours before angioplasty procedure, with a further 10 mg dose 2 hours before procedure, the loading dose group, n=59) or the no rosuvastatin treatment group before PCI (control group, n=58). Periprocedural myocardial injury, periprocedural changes of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a in serum and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) 3 months and 6 months later were assessed.
Results  The incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury was higher in control group than loading dose group (CKMB: 10.17% vs. 25.86% , P=0.027; Troponin I: 11.86% vs. 29.31%, P=0.019). MACE occurred in 1.69% of patients in loading dose group and 12.07% of those in control group 3 months after procedure (P=0.026), 3.39% vs. 17.24% at 6 months (P=0.014). The levels of hs-CRP, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a in serum were not significantly different between the two groups before PCI, but after PCI they were significantly higher in control group.
Conclusions  High-dose rosuvastatin loading before PCI significantly reduced periprocedural myocardial injury and periprocedural inflammation cytokines release and improved 3-month and 6-month clinical outcomes in female patients with NSTEACS who underwent PCI.  相似文献   

16.
Background  The continual and rapid development of techniques which are used for diagnosis and treatment makes management of colorectal cancer more difficult depending on single discipline. Colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) working model is recommended by UK and other countries, but there is little information on the impact of MDT working on management of colorectal cancer in China. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on management of colorectal cancer after the inception of an MDT.
Methods  A total of 595 consecutive colorectal cancer patients were referred to the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the pre-MDT cohort include 297 patients, recruited from January 1999 to November 2002, and the MDT cohort had 298 patients enrolled from December 2002 to September 2006. Information recorded included: TNM stage from histological reports, degree of differentiation, the number of examined lymph nodes and CT TNM staging performed or not, and its accuracy, including local and distant recurrence.
Results  The number of examined lymph nodes and the accuracy of TNM staging by CT in the MDT group were significantly more than those in pre-MDT group. CT TNM staging was more accurate in the MDT group compared to the pre-MDT group (P=0.044). The rate of tumor recurrence in the MDT group was lower than pre-MDT group (log-rank test, P <0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (P=0.001), management after inception of the MDT (P=0.002), degree of differentiation (P=0.003), number of examined lymph nodes (P=0.002), and TNM stage (P=0.000) were important factors that independently influence overall survival.
Conclusions  The inception of MDT working improved the diagnostic accuracy and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. MDT working promoted communication and cooperation between disciplines and ensured high-quality diagnosis, evidence-based decision making, and optimal treatment planning.
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17.
Background  The condition of concomitant upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe fibrosis as identified by computer tomography is known as combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). CPFE has distinct clinical characteristics compared with emphysema alone (EA) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) without emphysema. However, the pulmonary inflammation characteristics of CPFE are not well known, and the differences between CPFE and the other two diseases with regards to pulmonary inflammation need to be explored. The pulmonary inflammatory characteristics were investigated in CPFE patients and compared with EA and IPF.
Methods  Fraction exhaled nitric oxide (Fe,NO) and differential cell counts, the concentrations of monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG/CXCL9), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10), and interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC/CXCL11) were measured in induced sputum obtained from subjects with CPFE (n=22), EA (n=22), IPF (n=14), and healthy volunteers (HV, n=12). In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the expression of nitric oxide synthases in alveolar macrophages in 23 lung tissues from patients and control subjects.
Results  The CPFE group had higher alveolar NO than subjects in the EA and HV groups (P=0.009, P=0.001, respectively) but not than the IPF group (P >0.05). Numbers of sputum eosinophils were significantly elevated in CPFE and IPF groups compared with the HV group (P=0.001, P=0.008). In contrast, eosinophil counts in EA group did not differ from those in the HV group. Compared with the EA and HV groups, the CPFE group had a lower concentration of I-TAC/CXCL11 in sputum supernatants (P=0.003, P=0.004). Immunoreactivity for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was higher in the CPFE group than in the EA group (P=0.018).
Conclusions  The pulmonary inflammation of CPFE group is more similar to IPF group, while the distal airway inflammation is more significant in CPFE and IPF groups than in EA group. Lung eosinophil cell infiltration and high NOS expression in alveolar macrophage might participate in this pathogenesis.
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18.
目的探讨β-淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白17肽(-βmyloid precursor prote in 17-er peptide,APP 17)对长波紫外线(UVA)辐射后人皮肤成纤维细胞的保护作用及其机制。方法用UVA照射培养人皮肤成纤维细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)检测细胞活性,激光共聚焦显微镜检测活性氧(ROS)的产生,生化法检测总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结果UVA辐射后成纤维细胞活性降低(P=0.000),细胞内ROS增多(P=0.000),总SOD活性增加(P=0.01)。40μmol/L的APP17肽能拮抗UVA辐射对成纤维细胞的影响(P<0.05)。结论APP17肽对UVA辐射损伤的成纤维细胞有保护作用。  相似文献   

19.
Background  Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is thought to play an important role in preventing and treating retinal diseases in animal models of DR. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, captopril) in the treatment of patients with non-proliferative DR.
Methods  Three hundred and seventeen type 2 diabetic patients (88.05% of participants) without or with mild to moderate non-proliferative retinopathy were randomly divided into captopril group (n=202) and placebo group (n=115). All subjects received 24-month follow-up. General clinical examinations, including blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin, as well as comprehensive standardized ophthalmic examinations were performed. Color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to grade diabetic retinopathy and detect macular edema respectively.
Results  The levels of blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin in the two groups of patients remained within the normal range during the entire follow-up and no significant difference was found between the initial and last visits, suggesting that ACEI drugs play a protective role on the DR patients independent of its anti-blood pressure role. DR classification showed that 169 eyes (83.66%) remained unchanged and the DR grade of 33 eyes (16.34%) increased in captopril group, while 84 eyes (73.04%) remained unchanged and the grade of 31 eyes (26.96%) increased in placebo group (P=0.024). Captopril treatment improved macular edema in 55.45% eyes, which was significantly higher than the 37.39% improvement in placebo group (P=0.002). No significant difference was found in the visual acuity between the two groups (P=0.271).
Conclusion  Captopril can improve or delay the development of DR and macular edema, which can be used in the early treatment of DR patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus.
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20.
Background  The radial approach has been increasingly used as an alternative to femoral access. And more procedures using repeated transradial coronary intervention (r-TRI) are performed. However, few data about r-TRI has been obtained. Therefore, we investigated the safety and feasibility of r-TRI using the same route.
Methods  A total of 423 consecutive eligible patients undergoing r-TRI were enrolled in the r-TRI group, and 846 patients with initial TRI (i-TRI) were assigned to the i-TRI group in a 2:1 matching ratio compared to r-TRI group. The primary endpoint included the success rate of the procedure and the incidence of vascular related complications.
Results  The baseline clinical characteristics in the two groups were comparable. The success rate of procedures in the r-TRI and i-TRI was similar (96.0% vs. 97.5%, P=0.130). In subgroup analysis (coronary angiography only or angiography with pecutaneous coronary intervention), similar results were also observed. The puncture numbers and incidence of radial artery spasm in the r-TRI group were significantly higher than in the i-TRI group (P=0.024 and P <0.001, respectively). The other procedural outcomes in the two groups were identical. With respect to the incidence of overall vascular related complication and independent events, there were no significant differences in spite of a higher incidence of radial artery occlusion (RAO) in the r-TRI group (RAO: 1.2% vs. 0.7%, P=0.521). The patients in the i-TRI group had more comfortable feeling than patients in the r-TRI group (P=0.001).
Conclusions  R-TRI produces a comparable procedure success rate and incidence of vascular complication when compared to i-TRI. It should be considered as an acceptable and safe procedure.
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