压电石英晶体传感器检测血浆凝血酶时间的实验研究

目的建立一种检测血浆凝血酶时间（TT）的压电石英晶体传感器。方法采用AT切向、基频10MHz的银膜石英晶体作为压电元件；探讨反应体系密度和黏度与晶体振荡频率变化的关系，观察血浆凝集过程中晶体振荡频率的变化规律，确定判断血浆凝集反应起点和终点的方法。结果（1）反应体系加入凝血酶试剂启动凝血反应后，晶体振荡频率呈阶梯状快速下降，接着频率瞬时上升，然后再缓慢降低达到平稳，频率阶梯下降的起点为血浆凝集反应的起始点，频率从快速上升变为下降的转折点为血浆凝集的终点，计算两点之间的时间即为血浆凝血酶时间。（2）该方法的检测结果与STAGO血凝仪磁珠检测法的相关性好（γ=0．964），批内CV=2．26％，批间CV=7．53％。结论压电石英晶体传感器检测血浆凝血酶时间，血浆凝集反应起点和终点确定方便、可靠。且操作简单、快速、成本低廉，检测结果准确，是一种敏感性高、重复性好的血浆凝血酶时间检测新方法，可用于临床栓测。     

压电石英晶体活化部分凝血酶时间检测传感器的构建及初步应用

目的 建立一种检测血浆活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)的压电石英晶体传感器。方法 采用AT切向、基频10MHz的银膜石英晶体作为压电元件；观察血浆凝集过程中晶体振荡顿率的变化，确定血浆凝集反应的起点和终点。结果 (1)血浆标本加入反应体系后，晶体振荡频率呈阶梯状快速下降，接着频率瞬时上升，然后再缓慢降低达到平稳，频率阶梯下降的起点为血浆凝集反应的起点，频率从快速上升变为下降的转折点为血浆凝集的终点，计算两点之间的时间即为血浆活化部分凝血酶时间。(2)该方法检测结果与STAGO磁珠检测法的相关性好(γ=0．972)，批内CV=2．54％，批间CV=7．14％。结论 压电石英晶体传感器检测血浆活化部分凝血酶时间，血浆凝集反应起点和终点确定方便、可靠。且操作简单、快速、成本低廉，检测结果准确，是一种敏感性高、重复性好的血浆活化部分凝血酶时间检测新方法，可用于临床常规检测。     

压电石英晶体传感器检测血浆纤维蛋白原方法的研究及应用

目的建立一种压电石英晶体传感器检测血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)的方法.方法采用AT切向、基频10MHz的银膜石英晶体作为压电元件;观察血浆凝集过程中晶体振荡频率的变化,确定血浆凝集反应的起点和终点.结果 (1)检测池加入凝血酶原待频率稳定后,血浆标本加入反应体系后,晶体振荡快速下降,由于反应中形成的纤维蛋白原凝块的质量、体积与晶体接触的面积以及血清产生的量不同,造成频率瞬时的上升、下降,或频率稳定,直至反应结束频率平稳,加样后频率下降的起点为血浆凝集反应的起点,频率上升、下降,稳定的起始点为反应的终点,计算两点的时间即为反应时间,查标准曲线得纤维蛋白原的含量.(2)该方法的检测结果与STAGO磁珠检测法的相关性好(r＝0.957).结论压电石英晶体传感器检测血浆纤维蛋白原是一种实时在线检测的方法,在线观测凝集反应的终点,反应的起点和终点的判别方便、可靠、准确.且操作简单,快速,成本低廉,是一种敏感性高、重复性好的方法,并可用于临床检测.     

压电石英晶体生物传感器的血浆凝血因子检测系统的效能研究

目的研究用压电石英晶体传感器进行凝血因子检测的系统,介绍血浆凝血因子检测系统的工作原理.方法利用压电石英晶体的逆压电反应,基于模糊和解耦控制技术,采用单片机进行恒温恒湿控制和频率计数,测得血浆凝集时间,来确定凝血因子的活性和含量.结果本检测系统提高了凝血因子检测的方便性、精度和一致性.结论压电石英晶体传感器用于凝血因子检测具有精度高和成本低等优点,有广阔的临床应用和推广前景.     

压电石英晶体传感器液相检测的影响因素

目的　探讨压电石英晶体传感器液相检测的影响因素。方法　采用AT切向镀金膜的石英晶体制成 2× 5型石英晶体微阵列 ,观察晶体振荡频率在不同粘度和密度的甘油PBS( 0 .15mol LpH 7.0 )溶液、不同浓度的NaCl溶液、不同pH的PB溶液( 0 .0 6 7mol L)及不同体积的PBS溶液 ( 0 .15mol LpH 7.0 )中的变化规律以及机械冲击和重新加样对晶体振荡频率的影响。结果　石英晶体振荡频率随溶液粘度和密度、离子浓度、pH的增大而降低。溶液体积、机械冲击和重新加样对晶体频率基本无影响。结论　石英晶体传感器所处溶液体系的性状如粘度、密度、离子浓度、pH等因素对其振荡频率有较大的影响 ,石英晶体传感器用于生物反应检测时应减少和避免上述因素的干扰     

压电石英晶体振荡频率检测平台的建立及应用

目的　构建一种 2× 5型压电石英微阵列振荡频率检测平台。方法　利用基频 1 0MHz的 2× 5型石英晶体微阵列作为传感换能器件 ,自行设计自激式振荡频率检测仪、频率分析软件PESA2 .0 ,与计算机连接组成压电石英晶体传感器检测平台 ,并应用于气、液相检测。结果　石英晶体微阵列在气、液相起振能力强 ,并获得稳定振荡 ,气相稳定度可达± 1Hz ,液相≤ 2Hz。消除了温度、电离辐射、机械震动等因素的干扰 ;实现了频率信号检测的自动化、微机化和自能化。结论　该检测平台具有检测频率稳定、自动化和智能化程度较高、能实时检测等优点 ,是一种新型压电晶体振荡频率检测共用平台 ,可广泛用于压电传感器振荡频率的检测     

压电石英晶体传感器金膜表面亲和素固定研究

目的 研究压电石英晶体传感器金膜表面亲和素固定的反应趋势及最佳条件。方法 用3,3＇-二巯基丙酸自组装方法将亲和素固定在压电石英晶体传感器金膜表面，比较不同浓度、不同pH值条件下亲和素固定引起的频率变化。结果 经单因素方差分析，磷酸盐缓冲液pH值为6．2时亲和素固定引起的频率变化与pH5．8、6．6时差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但pH值为6．2时频率下降有最大均值．应用pH7．0、7．4溶液进行亲和素固定时频率改变显著减小（P〈0．01）。浓度为0．2mg／ml时亲和素固定已达饱和。结论 选用pH6．2的0．2mg／ml时亲和素进行压电石英晶体传感器金膜修饰。     

链置换扩增(SDA)压电DNA传感器

目的：构建链置换扩增（SDA）压电DNA传感器，研究其响应特性，方法：（1）将SDA与压电DNA传感器结合，建SDA压电DNA传感器结合技术。（2）以结构菌IS6110片段为检测对象，研究SDA压电DNA传感器的响应特性，结果：（1）SDA压电DNA传感器的响应信号达到500Hz左右；（2）SDA压电DNA传感器出现频率下降的时间长度（响应时间）与加入的检测核酸的浓度相关；（3）不同浓度检测核酸（靶核酸）导致的频率下降绝对值差别不大。结论：SDA压电DNA传感器能直接检测基因组DNA；其响应时间与检测物（靶核酸）的加入量相关，可以用作定量依据。     

压电石英晶体微阵列免疫传感器检测IgG的实验研究

目的 构建一种新型压电石英晶体人免疫球蛋白(IgG)的免疫微阵列传感器。方法 抗IgG单克隆抗体采用蛋白A(SPA)法固定在AT切向、基频10MHz的石英晶体微阵列金膜电极表面制成抗体敏感膜，构成压电石英晶体IgG免疫微阵列传感器。结果 构建的IgG压电石英晶体免疫微阵列传感器对IgG的响应特性良好，其检测下线为0．5mIU／ml。结论 研制的压电石英晶体IgG免疫微阵列传感器具有灵敏度高、特异性好、成本低廉、操作简单、快速，能在线实时检测等优点，可用于临床实验诊断。     

压电凝血反应频率指数衰减规律及最大曲率终点法的研究

目的建立压电凝血反应曲线拟合模型及最大曲率终点法判断反应终点。方法用压电石英传感器检测血浆凝血酶原时间,比较指数衰减、幂函数及多项式3种拟合模型的6种曲线的拟合效果,并采用最大曲率终点法判断反应终点。结果6条拟合曲线的非线性回归效果均有显著意义(P<0.05);同类模型内的两条曲线残差平方和(SSE)比较没有显著性差别(P>0.05),而非同类模型之间则差异显著(P<0.01),且多项式SSE最小,指数衰减模型次之,但多项式模型因其曲率存在多个峰值而不能用最大曲率法判断终点;最大曲率终点法比传统的终点频率峰法重复性更好(P<0.05)。结论指数衰减模型Y=A B×EXP(-X/C)能很好地拟合压电凝血反应曲线;最大曲率终点法能显著提高检测重复性。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…