靶向治疗用Fe_3O_4 及其白蛋白包被磁性纳米粒子的制备

目的制备用于肿瘤靶向治疗的Fe3O4及其白蛋白包被的磁性纳米粒子.方法采用部分还原法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,通过微乳化方法制备了白蛋白包被的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒.结果Fe3O4粒径为10nm左右,X-射线粉末衍射分析显示Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒是典型的尖晶石构型;白蛋白包被的磁性纳米粒子直径在200nm左右.结论Fe3O4及其白蛋白包被的磁性纳米粒子适于用于肿瘤靶向治疗的进一步研究.     

单畴晶纳米四氧化三铁粒子的制备及其在磁共振成像中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了包覆油酸钠的超顺磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子,主要研究了搅拌强度、加料方式、温度、料液浓度等因素对Fe3O4粒径的影响。对包覆油酸钠的纳米Fe3O4粒子采用葡聚糖进行表面处理后制备成靶向复合纳米粒子,考察了复合粒子的特异性浓聚效果。结果表明：在转速为7 000 r/min的高速剪切机里,当温度为70 ℃,FeCl2的浓度为01 mol/L时,所制备的单层包覆油酸钠的纳米Fe3O4粒子平均粒径为8 nm,为单畴晶并具有超顺磁性。靶向纳米复合Fe3O4粒子可以特异性聚集于肿瘤部位,浓聚效果是生理盐水的213倍。     

水溶性四氧化三铁纳米粒子制备及其在大鼠体内分布

目的 制备水溶性四氧化三铁纳米粒子并研究其在动物体内的分布.方法 采用高温分解法制备有机相Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,然后采用2,3-二巯基丁二酸（DMSA）对磁性纳米晶体进行表面修饰,得到水溶性氧化铁纳米颗粒（Water-Soluble Iron Oxide Nanparticles,WION）,将WION通过尾静脉注射入SD大鼠体内,在不同时间处死大鼠,组织切片染色观察WION在大鼠体内的分布,对WION的生物相容性做初步探讨.结果 透射电子显微镜观察发现,晶体的表面通过疏水长链烷烃稳定,Fe3O4纳米晶体在环己烷中具有较好的分散性,颗粒并无聚集现象;尾静脉注射0.5 ml的WION溶液（l mg/ml）24 h后,WION主要集中在脾脏和肝脏,其次是肾脏和肺.结论 采用高温分解法成功制备了Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,其具有良好的表面形貌.进一步采用2,3-二巯基丁二酸（DMSA）对其进行表面修饰,获得了分散性良好的水溶性氧化铁纳米颗粒（WION）.     

脲酶-Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子的制备及表征

目的应用微乳法制备脲酶-Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子并初步探讨其相关特性,以期获得一种合适的口服脲酶制剂.方法以碳化二亚胺为耦联剂,制备脲酶-Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,后用Bradford蛋白测定方法测定脲酶耦联量;运用TEM测定其粒径,用FTIR来检测脲酶与Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子的耦联.结果Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子与脲酶耦联后,其粒径稍有增大;Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子耦联脲酶的量与其粒径大小、碳化二亚胺/Fe3O4纳米粒子(W/W)等因素有关,粒径越小,耦联剂用量越大,耦联脲酶的量越高;Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子平均粒径为180 nm,当温度为4℃,碳化二亚胺与Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子用量比为1:2(W/W)时,脲酶的耦联率约为4.75%(W/W);固定化脲酶的活性约保留原酶活性的30%.结论Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子可用于酶、蛋白质等药物的固定化.     

新型纳米微泡超声造影剂的制备及超声显像研究

 【目的】 制备可稳定显像的新型小粒径纳米级超声微泡造影剂,并评价其体内外超声显像效果。【方法】 通过薄膜-水化、声振-通气及多级分离等多步骤方法制备纳米级脂质微泡,并针对制备过程中的主要影响因素设计了正交试验,筛选出粒径小、重复性好的实验条件。通过光学显微镜及Zeta粒径仪检测纳米微泡大小形态、粒径分布,体外及动物体内超声显像检测其增强显像效果。【结果】 纳米脂质微泡呈圆形,分布均匀,无明显聚集,粒径范围238.6 ~ 340.7 nm,均值为 (276.0 ± 24.1)nm,Zata电位:(-14.0 ± 0.6)mV。体外超声检测在超声造影状态下能持续稳定显像,进入到二维灰阶状态时,瞬间破坏完全,显像效果消失,粒径变小。体内超声显像在造影状态下纳米微泡可明显增强大鼠肝脏、肾脏回声信号。【结论】 通过本研究方法成功制备了粒径小、可稳定显像的新型纳米级超声造影剂,在二维灰阶高机械指数状态下该纳米微泡造影剂可被瞬间破坏,这为进一步肿瘤组织血管外靶向显像及肿瘤局部药物释放研究奠定基础。     

磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

用化学共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,然后用异丙醇为凝聚剂采用单凝聚法制备磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子。考察了明胶浓度与异丙醇的体积以及Fe3O4含量对粒径分布及性能的关系。采用透射电子显微镜和Zetasizer粒度分析仪测量磁性明胶复合纳米粒子的平均粒径,X射线衍射仪和红外光谱以及热重及差热分析进行结构和热稳定分析。结果表明磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子中的Fe3O4纳米粒子被明胶所包覆,而且粒径很小,具有良好的热稳定性。     

T1-T2双模式磁共振造影剂的制备及表征

目的：制备能同时实现T1-T2双模式磁共振成像的Fe3O4-BSAGd纳米粒子造影剂,并对其造影性能和生物相容性进行评价,以提高磁共振造影剂对病变部位诊断的敏感性及特异性,克服单一阳性造影剂和阴性造影剂的局限性,实现疾病的精准诊断。方法：采用高温热解法制备出油溶性粒径约6 nm的超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,随后利用超声乳化方式在其表面修饰顺磁性牛血清白蛋白-钆复合物（BSAGd）,同时赋予Fe3O4纳米粒子顺磁性、水溶性和良好的生物相容性。并对其形貌、水合粒径（hydrated diameter,HD）、饱和磁化强度、弛豫效率（relaxation efficiency,r）、体外T1和T2加权成像效果、细胞毒性进行了表征。结果：Fe3O4-BSAGd纳米颗粒径为10 nm,水合粒径约32 nm,分散均匀稳定。Fe3O4-BSAGd的饱和磁化强度为30.2 emu/g。纵向（r1）及横向（r2）弛豫率分别为6.30 mM-1s-1和287.08 mM-1s-1。体外双模式成像结果显示其具有显著的T1-T2成像效果,并呈现浓度依赖性。细胞毒性测试结果显示,Fe3O4-BSAGd的生物相容性较好。结论：所制备的Fe3O4-BSAGd纳米粒子的体外T1和T2造影效果优良,生物相容性极好,为下一步的体内成像奠定了基础。     

平阳霉素磁性微球的制备及特性检测

目的 :制备平阳霉素磁性微球 ,对其特性进行检测并评价其靶向性。方法 :采用冷冻凝聚法制备包裹超微Fe3O4 和平阳霉素的明胶微球 ,测定微球的直径 ;应用液相高效色谱仪、原子吸收分光光度仪、药物溶出仪等测定微球各成分含量、释放率及在外加磁场作用下微球在大鼠体内的分布情况。结果 :微球呈球形 ,平均直径 32 .2 3μm各成分含量为 (W/W ) :Fe3O4 11.7%,PYM3 .8%,明胶 84.5 %。 3h内平阳霉素释放率 6 3 .1%。Fe3O4 在大鼠靶向部位分布明显高于非靶向部位。结论 :平阳霉素磁性微球具有较好的靶向性和缓释性 ,是治疗海绵状血管瘤较为理想的剂型。     

微泡造影剂结合超声介导绿色荧光蛋白质粒转染大鼠移植静脉的实验研究

目的 探讨微泡造影剂及超声辐照介导基因转染移植静脉桥的可行性.方法 建立SD大鼠颈外静脉颈总动脉旁路移植模型,选择增强型绿色荧光蛋白质粒(pEGFP)为报告基因.将大鼠颈外静脉段浸泡入粘附质粒的微泡中,予超声照射,再将静脉段间置植入颈总动脉,7 d后,取出静脉段行快速冰冻切片,荧光显微镜下观察血管平滑肌内荧光表达,同时进行苏木精-伊红染色行病理观察.结果 微泡造影剂结合超声辐照组的荧光强度显著高于质粒浸泡+超声辐照组、质粒+微泡造影剂组及单纯质粒浸泡组(P<0.05).苏木精-伊红染色观察血管组织并无坏死灶出现.结论 微泡造影剂结合超声辐照可以实现基因靶向转染至大鼠移植静脉桥的血管平滑肌中.     

治疗性超声介导微泡破裂促进大鼠体内肌肉基因转染的参数优化实验研究

目的 探讨治疗性超声介导微泡破裂促进基因体内转染大鼠肌肉的最适合的转染条件.方法 在大鼠双侧胫前肌内局部注射微泡与增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)质粒混合物,应用不同输出功率、不同占空比及不同超声辐照时间的治疗性超声辐照胫前肌,分别用肌肉局部注射及静脉注射微泡和质粒联合超声辐照,根据荧光染色及免疫组化染色下EGFP表达结果判断转染效果,根据转染效果最好且HE染色下肌肉损伤最小选出最适合的超声辐照条件和最适合的注射方式.将大鼠分为4组:①超声辐照+微泡+质粒组,②微泡+质粒组,③超声辐照+质粒组,④单纯质粒组.选取最适辐照及注射方式后,将大鼠在超声辐照后5d处死,荧光染色及免疫组化染色下观察肌肉EGFP表达情况,HE染色观察肌肉损伤情况.结果 在1 MHz治疗性超声辐照下,输出功率2 W/cm2,占空比20％,超声辐照3 min的最适合的辐照条件下,肌肉EGFP表达明显,且无明显损伤.肌肉局部注射较静脉注射更适合.荧光染色和免疫组化染色示4组中超声辐照+微泡+质粒组肌肉EGFP表达高于其余3组,微泡+质粒组高于其余2组(P＜0.05).HE染色下未见超声辐照及微泡造成的肌肉损伤.结论 在适合转染条件下,治疗性超声联合微泡能明显增强基因体内转染大鼠肌肉的效率,且不损伤肌肉细胞,可作为基因治疗的一种安全有效的非病毒性基因转染方法.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…