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1.
Glezen WP  Greenberg SB  Atmar RL  Piedra PA  Couch RB 《JAMA》2000,283(4):499-505
CONTEXT: While hospitalization rates have declined overall, hospitalizations for acute lower respiratory tract infections have increased steadily since 1980. Development of new approaches for prevention of acute respiratory tract conditions requires studies of the etiologies of infections and quantification of the risk of hospitalization for vulnerable patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of specific virus infections associated with acute respiratory tract conditions leading to hospitalization of chronically ill patients. DESIGN: Analysis of viral etiology of patients hospitalized with acute respiratory tract conditions between July 1991 and June 1995. SETTING: Four large clinics and related hospitals serving diverse populations representative of Harris County, Texas. PATIENTS: A total of 1029 patients who were hospitalized for pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, croup, exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or congestive heart failure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Virus infection, defined by culture, antigen detection, and significant rise in serum antibodies, by underlying condition; hospitalization rates by low- vs middle-income status. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of patients older than 5 years had a chronic underlying condition; a chronic pulmonary condition was most common. Patients with chronic pulmonary disease from low-income populations were hospitalized at a rate of 398.6 per 10000, almost 8 times higher than the rate for patients from middle-income groups (52.2 per 10000; P<.001). Of the 403 patients (44.4% of adults and 32.3% of children) who submitted convalescent serum specimens for antibody testing, respiratory tract virus infections were detected in 181 (44.9%). Influenza, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections accounted for 75% of all virus infections. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that respiratory virus infections commonly trigger serious acute respiratory conditions that result in hospitalization of patients with chronic underlying conditions, highlighting the need for development of effective vaccines for these viruses, especially for parainfluenza and RSV.  相似文献   

2.
小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染的病原学与临床研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
车莉  卢竞  刘成贵 《北京医学》1999,21(5):282-284
目的 探讨我院急性呼吸道感染合胞病毒的原学及临床研究,方法 对急性处呼吸道病毒感染的门诊及住院患儿的不同年份RSV感染的情况进行了临床监测和比较。结果 冬春季急性呼吸道感染患儿RSV检测阳性率平均在27.8%,结论 RSV是婴幼儿呼吸道感染病原中主要的病毒,其发病年龄高峰在1岁以内(70%),其中2-6个月发病率最高44.8%)并且毛细支气管炎患儿RSV感染率明显支气管炎和支气管肺炎。  相似文献   

3.
Trends in antimicrobial prescribing rates for children and adolescents   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
McCaig LF  Besser RE  Hughes JM 《JAMA》2002,287(23):3096-3102
  相似文献   

4.
Background Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus recently found to possibly cause respiratory tract disease in children and adults. This study investigated HBoV infection and its clinical characteristics in children younger than five years of age suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infection in Beijing Children's Hospital. Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infection during the winters of 2004 to 2006 (from November through the following February). HBoV was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification and virus isolation and the amplification products were sequenced for identification. Results HBoV infection was detected in 16 of 333 study subjects. Coinfections with respiratory syncytial virus were detected in 3 of 16 HBoV positive patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection. The median age for HBoV positive children was 8 months (mean age, 17 months; range, 3 to 57 months). Among the HBoV positive children, 14 were younger than 3 years old, 9 were younger than 1 year old and 7 were younger than 6 months. These 16 positive HBoV children exhibited coughing and abnormal chest radiography findings and more than 60% of these children had wheezing and fever. Ten children were clinically diagnosed with pneumonia, 2 bronchiolitis, 2 acute bronchitis and 2 asthma. One child died. Conclusions HBoV was detected in about 5% of children with acute lower respiratory infection seen in Beijing Children's HosPital. Further investigations regarding clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of HBoV infection are needed.  相似文献   

5.
聊城地区呼吸道合胞病毒致小儿下呼吸道感染的临床研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的了解呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)在小儿急性下呼吸道感染中的发生率和临床特征。方法对我院2007年10月-2008年10月临床诊断为急性下呼吸道感染的住院患儿556例行痰直接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道合胞病毒抗原。结果556例患儿中,阳性193例,阳性率34.71%,其中男132例(23.74%),女61例(10.97%),男女发病比例为2.16:1。全年均可检出RSV,发病率最高的是11、12、1、2月份(43.06%),最低的是5~8月份(16.36%)。RSV感染多见于3岁以下,尤以6个月以下忠儿感染率最高(44.50%)。结论呼吸道合胞病毒是引起小儿急性下呼吸道感染的主要病原,特别是婴幼儿感染率最高。  相似文献   

6.
Changing patterns of asthma hospitalization among children: 1979 to 1987   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20  
P J Gergen  K B Weiss 《JAMA》1990,264(13):1688-1692
The National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to evaluate the trends in asthma hospitalizations among children under International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM): 1979 to 1987. During this period, asthma hospitalizations among children aged 0 to 17 years increased 4.5% per annum (95% confidence interval [Cl], 2% to 7.1%). The increase was largest among 0 to 4 year olds, 5.0% per annum (95% Cl, 3.4% to 6.7%), vs 2.9% per annum (95% Cl, -0.3% to 6.2%) observed among 5 to 17 year olds. Among children aged 0 to 4 years, blacks had approximately 1.8 times the increase of whites. During this time, total hospitalizations decreased -4.6% (95% Cl, -6.6% to -2.5%), while admissions for lower respiratory tract disease had a statistically insignificant decrease: -1.3%. Acute and chronic/unspecified bronchitis hospitalizations decreased -6.1% (95% Cl, -9.4% to -2.7%), but this decrease did not begin until 1983. Thus, a shift in coding from bronchitis to asthma does not seem to fully explain the increase.  相似文献   

7.
CONTEXT: Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Statistical methods used to estimate deaths in the United States attributable to influenza have not accounted for RSV circulation. OBJECTIVE: To develop a statistical model using national mortality and viral surveillance data to estimate annual influenza- and RSV-associated deaths in the United States, by age group, virus, and influenza type and subtype. DESIGN, SETTING, AND POPULATION: Age-specific Poisson regression models using national viral surveillance data for the 1976-1977 through 1998-1999 seasons were used to estimate influenza-associated deaths. Influenza- and RSV-associated deaths were simultaneously estimated for the 1990-1991 through 1998-1999 seasons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Attributable deaths for 3 categories: underlying pneumonia and influenza, underlying respiratory and circulatory, and all causes. RESULTS: Annual estimates of influenza-associated deaths increased significantly between the 1976-1977 and 1998-1999 seasons for all 3 death categories (P<.001 for each category). For the 1990-1991 through 1998-1999 seasons, the greatest mean numbers of deaths were associated with influenza A(H3N2) viruses, followed by RSV, influenza B, and influenza A(H1N1). Influenza viruses and RSV, respectively, were associated with annual means (SD) of 8097 (3084) and 2707 (196) underlying pneumonia and influenza deaths, 36 155 (11 055) and 11 321 (668) underlying respiratory and circulatory deaths, and 51 203 (15 081) and 17 358 (1086) all-cause deaths. For underlying respiratory and circulatory deaths, 90% of influenza- and 78% of RSV-associated deaths occurred among persons aged 65 years or older. Influenza was associated with more deaths than RSV in all age groups except for children younger than 1 year. On average, influenza was associated with 3 times as many deaths as RSV. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality associated with both influenza and RSV circulation disproportionately affects elderly persons. Influenza deaths have increased substantially in the last 2 decades, in part because of aging of the population, underscoring the need for better prevention measures, including more effective vaccines and vaccination programs for elderly persons.  相似文献   

8.
探讨某院近5 年呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染的流行病学特征。方法选取2011年1月-2015 年12 月该院呼吸科患儿378 例,比较不同年龄、性别、季节、居住地及疾病类型患儿的肺炎支原体感染情况。结果年龄≤1 岁、1~3 岁、3~5 岁、>5 岁患儿感染率分别为10.96%、19.15%、30.61%和40.71%。男性和女性患儿感染率分别为21.59%和35.10%。春、夏、秋、冬季感染率分别为18.63%、16.48%、33.68%和40.00%。城市和农村患儿感染率分别为31.12%和22.53%。大叶性肺炎、间质性肺炎、哮喘、支气管肺炎、支气管炎、上呼吸道感染、毛细支气管炎患儿感染率分别为66.67%、50.00%、46.51%、26.67%、25.00%、20.59%和10.17%。结论呼吸道感染患儿的肺炎支原体感染风险较高,年龄较大、女性及大叶性肺炎患儿更易感染,且秋、冬季是肺炎支原体感染的高发季节。  相似文献   

9.
Over 200 strains of respiratory viruses cause a variety of human infections ranging from common cold to life-threatening pneumonia. Respiratory viruses implicated in this study are respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), adenovirus, influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in paediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection. The methods used were direct antigen detection method, shell vial culture method and conventional tube culture method. The samples included in this study are paediatric patients seen in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital, Kuala Lumpur with suspected acute viral respiratory infection, presenting with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected and processed almost immediately. A total of 222 specimens were received during February 1999 to January 2000 showing a dual peak pattern in the months of April and December. The mean age of the patients was 13 months. Pneumonia (77.9%) was the most common clinical diagnosis in children with lower respiratory tract infection. This was followed by bronchiolitis (19.4%) and croup (27%). Viral aetiologies were confirmed in 23.4% of the patients. The most common respiratory virus isolated or detected was RSV, followed by parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses and adenovirus.  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨急性呼吸道感染(ARI)患儿呼吸道病原体的感染情况及季节流行特点,为临床实施行之有效地预防和诊治提供依据。方法应用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测该院2015 年1 月-2015 年12 月3 461 例0~12 岁ARI患儿血清中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、甲型流感病毒(FluA)、乙型流感病毒(FluB)、副流感病毒(PIV)、肺炎支原体(MP)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、嗜肺军团菌(LP)IgM抗体。结果3 461 份血清中呼吸道感染病原体IgM 抗体阳性检出率为69.17%,最常检测到的病原体是FluB(51.1%)、FluA(36.38%)、MP(25.14%)和RSV(9.04%)。FluA、FluB和MP 感染无明显季节性,检出率整年均较高;RSV 呈现流行高峰在冬、春季;ADV和CP 为春、夏季多发;PIV和LP发病率终年较低。随年龄增长RSV发病率下降,而其他病原体则相反。病原体混合感染检出1 627 例,占47.01%;混合感染最常见病原体为FluA+FluB和FluA+FluB+MP。结论淮安地区2015 年8 种呼吸道病原体阳性率达69.17%,以FluB检出率最高;呼吸道病原体感染的流行季节各有不同;伴随年龄的增长RSV 阳性率降低,而其他病原体阳性率则逐步增长;以FluA 和FluB 的混合感染为最多见;早期检测呼吸道病原体,将有助于儿科医生诊治和控制呼吸道感染。  相似文献   

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