间α胰蛋白酶抑制物在大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型中的表达

目的　研究间α胰蛋白酶抑制物(IαI) 在实验性肾草酸钙结石大鼠肾组织中的表达及意义。方法　采用乙二醇和氯化铵诱导形成大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型, 检测各组大鼠肾功能、肾组织Ca2 含量和草酸钙晶体沉积、尿生化,并用免疫组化和计算机图像分析技术观察IαI在肾组织的表达情况。结果　模型组大鼠的血清Cr、BUN、肾Ca2 含量、24 h尿Ca2 和草酸分泌量均明显高于正常组(P<0. 05)。正常肾组织IαI分布仅在近曲小管, 而在结石组肾组织的近曲小管、上皮细胞、皮髓质交界处等的表达显著增加。结论　高草酸尿和草酸钙结晶的沉积能使肾脏通过合成更多的IαI来抑制草酸钙晶体的形成。     

泽泻不同溶剂提取物对大鼠尿草酸钙结石形成的影响

目的　研究泽泻不同溶剂提取物对大鼠尿草酸钙结石形成的影响 ,并确定其抑制尿草酸钙结石形成的有效部位。方法　通过 ig不同剂量的泽泻不同溶剂提取物对乙二醇和氯化铵诱导的大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型进行试验研究。结果　泽泻乙酸乙酯浸膏高剂量组大鼠的血清 Cr,BU N,肾 Ca2 +含量 ,2 4 h尿 Ca2 +分泌量 ,肾组织的草酸钙晶体沉积均明显低于成石组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　泽泻乙酸乙酯浸膏能抑制实验性高草酸尿症大鼠尿草酸钙晶体的形成 ,是泽泻抑制尿草酸钙结石形成的有效部位。     

枸杞对大鼠肾草酸钙结石生成的干预效果及其机制

目的 研究枸杞对大鼠肾草酸钙结石生成的干预效果及可能机制。方法 Wistar大鼠根据诱石方式（吸烟或饮用乙二醇或两者联合）、枸杞浸泡剂干预与否以及干预浓度（10%或25%）进行分组,设立空白对照组,每组10只。分组处理40 d后,收集24 h尿液并采集肾组织样本。检测尿液中钙、草酸及枸橼酸浓度;观察各组大鼠肾小管草酸钙结晶沉积情况并进行等级评分;检测肾组织脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）含量及总超氧化物歧化酶（T SOD）活性;TUNEL染色观察肾小管细胞凋亡并计算凋亡指数。结果 吸烟联合乙二醇诱石组尿钙浓度明显高于空白对照组（P<0.01）;单纯饮用乙二醇和吸烟联合乙二醇诱石组大鼠肾小管草酸钙结晶评分、肾组织MDA含量及肾小管上皮细胞凋亡指数均高于空白对照组,而尿液中枸橼酸浓度和肾组织T-SOD活性均低于空白对照组。10%和25%枸杞浸泡剂干预可显著降低吸烟联合乙二醇诱石组大鼠尿钙浓度（P<0.01）;同时使单纯饮用乙二醇和吸烟联合乙二醇诱石组大鼠肾小管草酸钙结晶评分、肾组织MDA含量及肾小管上皮细胞凋亡指数下降,而尿液中枸橼酸浓度和肾组织T-SOD活性升高。枸杞浸泡剂两种浓度间未见明显量效关系。结论 枸杞能有效抑制吸烟和（或）乙二醇诱导的大鼠肾草酸钙结石的生成,其机制可能与降低肾组织内自由基水平,抑制肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,以及减少尿液中促石成分而增加抑石成分有关。     

夏枯草提取物对大鼠尿草酸钙结石形成的影响

目的探讨夏枯草不同提取物对大鼠尿草酸钙结石形成的影响。方法40只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组（每组8只），采用乙二醇和氯化铵诱导的大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型进行试验研究。对照组（A组）、成石组（B组）、夏枯草水溶性提取物组（c组）、50％甲醇提取物组（D组）、100％甲醇提取物组（E组），分别通过灌胃方式予一定剂量的夏枯草不同提取物。饲养4周后，检测各组大鼠血BUN、Cr，24h尿草酸（Ox）、Ca^2＋分泌量和肾组织Ca^2＋含量。镜下观察肾组织切片中草酸钙结晶及肾小管扩张情况。结果A组大鼠血BUN、Cr明显低于其他各组，差别有显著性（P〈0.05），各组间血Ca^2＋、P浓度则无明显差异；24h尿Ox、Ca^2＋分泌量各夏枯草实验组与B组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；C、D组肾组织Ca^2＋含量明显低于B组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。A组肾小管正常，B组肾小管腔可见大量成片草酸钙结晶存在，管腔明显扩张；C组肾小管腔可见散在草酸钙结晶存在，少数呈片状，管腔轻度扩张；D组肾小管腔仅见少许散在草酸钙结晶存在，管腔未见明显扩张；EL、EH组基本同B组。结论夏枯草水提取物和50％甲醇提取物能有效防止大鼠尿草酸钙结石形成。     

实验性大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型的筛选研究

目的筛选简捷且成石效果好的实验性大鼠肾草酸钙结石造模法。方法采用两类10种诱导法制作大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型,比较各组大鼠24h尿草酸排泄量和肾组织草酸钙结晶情况,综合评价10种造模法。结果10种造模法组的24h尿草酸排泄量及草酸钙结晶评分均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),其中1%乙二醇 1%氯化胺饮水1周建模效果好,且耗时最短。结论1%乙二醇 1%氯化铵饮水1周为首选造模法。     

实验性大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型的筛选研究

目的 筛选简捷且成石效果好的实验性大鼠肾草酸钙结石造模法.方法 采用两类10种诱导法制作大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型,比较各组大鼠24 h尿草酸排泄量和肾组织草酸钙结晶情况,综合评价10种造模法.结果 10种造模法组的24 h尿草酸排泄量及草酸钙结晶评分均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),其中1%乙二醇 + 1%氯化胺饮水1周建模效果好,且耗时最短.结论 1%乙二醇 + 1%氯化铵饮水1周为首选造模法.     

枸橼酸钾对大鼠肾草酸钙结石骨桥蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨枸橼酸钾对大鼠肾草酸钙结石骨桥蛋白(osteopontn,OPN)表达的影响.方法 32只8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、枸橼酸钾组、结石组(乙二醇和氯化氨)、结石+枸橼酸钾组,每组8只.采用乙二醇和氯化铵诱导大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型进行试验研究.连续给药4周后处死大鼠取肾组织,采用HE染色和免疫组化法检测各组肾结石形成及OPN表达情况.结果 结石+枸橼酸钾组大鼠肾结石形成比结石组明显减少(P<0.05);结石+枸橼酸钾组大鼠的OPN表达比结石组明显降低(P<0.05);枸橼酸钾组OPN表达与对照组相比无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 枸橼酸钾可能通过减少草酸钙结晶的形成而减轻对肾小管上皮细胞的损伤,降低肾OPN的表达.     

加味乌茹汤治疗尿石症的实验研究

目的 探讨加味乌茹汤（茜草根、乌贼骨、北芪、肉桂、金钱草、海金砂等组成）对乙二醇和活性维生索D，诱导SD大鼠草酸钙尿路结石形成的相关物质代谢的影响。方法在70只SD雄性大鼠中，对60只进行草酸钙尿路结石模型的建立。然后分组给予加味乌茹汤、排石颗粒、生理盐水。测定了大鼠24h尿量、尿PH、Cr、尿中钙、草酸、磷、镁排泄量及其在血中钙、草酸、磷、镁的浓度，并在解剖显微镜下观察肾、输尿管、膀胱结石形成情况。结果与模型组相比，加味乌茹汤组尿钙、尿草酸排泄量明显减少（P〈0.05），血钙浓度降低，镁、磷离子增加。结论加味乌茹汤具有抑制内源性高草酸尿和吸收性高钙尿症的作用，从而降低肾钙含量，减少肾小管内草酸钙结晶形成，达到预防及治疗尿石症的目的。     

夏枯草提取物对肾草酸钙结石模型大鼠肾组织骨桥蛋白表达的影响

目的研究夏枯草50％甲醇提取物对大鼠肾组织骨桥蛋白（osteopontin，OPN）表达的影响。方法采用乙二醇和氯化铵诱导建立大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型，将24只Wistar大鼠随机分成3组：对照组（A）、结石组（B）、夏枯草组（C）。C组则通过灌胃方式予一定剂量的夏枯草50％甲醇提取物。饲养4周后，检测各组大鼠肾组织病理学改变和草酸钙结晶沉积情况。采用原位杂交RT—PCR观察各组大鼠肾组织中OPN mRNA表达，免疫组织化学和Westem blot检测各组大鼠肾组织OPN蛋白的表达水平。结果A组肾小管正常，B组肾小管腔可见大量成片草酸钙结晶存在，管腔明显扩张；C组肾小管腔可见少许散在草酸钙结晶存在，管腔轻度扩张。原位杂交显示A组大鼠肾组织中仅肾脏髓质小部分亨利氏袢中检测到OPN mRNA的表达，与此相反在B组和C组大鼠肾组织中则明显检测到OPN mRNA的表达，只是C组中OPN mRNA的表达强度相对弱于成石对照组。RT-PCR检测结果与原位杂交一致。免疫组化显示A组中仅能检测到OPN蛋白的微弱表达，B组大鼠肾组织中OPN表达则明显增强，C组大鼠肾组织中OPN表达强度低于B组。Western blotting检测显示A组轻度表达OPN，而B组则显著表达，C组表达强度低于B组。结论夏枯草50％甲醇提取物能有效抑制大鼠肾组织OPN的表达，减少肾组织草酸钙结晶的沉积，从而能有效抑制大鼠肾草酸钙结石的形成。     

枸杞对大鼠肾草酸钙结石生成的干预效果及其机制

目的 研究枸杞对大鼠肾草酸钙结石生成的干预效果及可能机制.方法 Wistar大鼠根据诱石方式(吸烟或饮用乙二醇或两者联合)、枸杞浸泡剂干预与否以及干预浓度(10%或25%)进行分组,设立空白对照组,每组10只.分组处理40 d后,收集24 h尿液并采集肾组织样本.检测尿液中钙、草酸及枸橼酸浓度;观察各组大鼠肾小管草酸钙结晶沉积情况并进行等级评分;检测肾组织脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性;TUNEL染色观察肾小管细胞凋亡并计算凋亡指数.结果 吸烟联合乙二醇诱石组尿钙浓度明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01);单纯饮用乙二醇和吸烟联合乙二醇诱石组大鼠肾小管草酸钙结晶评分、肾组织MDA含量及肾小管上皮细胞凋亡指数均高于空白对照组,而尿液中枸橼酸浓度和肾组织T-SOD活性均低于空白对照组.10%和25%枸杞浸泡剂干预可显著降低吸烟联合乙二醇诱石组大鼠尿钙浓度(P<0.01);同时使单纯饮用乙二醇和吸烟联合乙二醇诱石组大鼠肾小管草酸钙结晶评分、肾组织MDA含量及肾小管上皮细胞凋亡指数下降,而尿液中枸橼酸浓度和肾组织T-SOD活性升高.枸杞浸泡剂两种浓度间未见明显量效关系.结论 枸杞能有效抑制吸烟和(或)乙二醇诱导的大鼠肾草酸钙结石的生成,其机制可能与降低肾组织内自由基水平,抑制肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,以及减少尿液中促石成分而增加抑石成分有关.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…