腔镜下在腹会阴联合直肠切除术在治疗低位直肠癌中的应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜腹会阴联合直肠切除术（laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection,LAPR）治疗低位直肠癌的可行性、安全性、根治性及近期疗效。方法：对16例低位直肠癌患者经腹腔镜实施腹会阴联合切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：16例患者中15例均成功完成手术,1例中转开腹。手术时间180～300min,平均260min,术中出血20-80ml,平均出血量40ml。术后住院（不包括化疗时间）7～10d,平均为8d。术后胃肠功能恢复时间12～36h,无手术死亡、输尿管损伤、骶前出血、切口感染等并发症。患者术后随访至今5～16个月,无复发转移情况。结论：腹腔镜下腹会阴联合切除术治疗低位直肠癌已成为安全可行的手术方式,并具有出血少、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗65例肾囊肿

目的：探讨后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的方法及疗效。方法：65例采用全身麻醉，健侧卧位，经后腹腔途径建立后腹腔操作空间，在腹腔镜监视下，寻找肾囊肿，充分暴露囊肿边缘，肾囊肿中央戳孔，吸除囊液，提起囊壁距肾实质0．5cm切除，常规留置引流管后结束手术，1～2d拔除引流管。结果：65例手术均获成功；手术时间40～120min，平均60min；术中出血10～30ml，平均20ml；术后1、2d下床活动；无术后大出血、漏尿等并发症发生；术后随访3～18个月，B超或CT复查未见囊肿复发。结论：后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术疗效明确，具有损伤小、术后恢复快、痛苦小和住院时间短等优点，是一种安全、有效的方法，可作为治疗肾囊肿的首选。     

两孔法腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝30例报告

目的 探讨两孔法腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析行两孔法腹腔镜治疗疝囊高位结扎术小儿腹股沟斜疝30例的临床资料.结果 30例手术均获成功.平均手术时间单侧为20 min,双侧为35 min,术后住院3 d,术后并发脐戳孔网膜疝1例(3.3%).随访6～24个月,复发1例(3.3%).结论 两孔法腹...     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治术67例报告

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾癌根治术的手术经验和临床效果. 方法:2006年1月至2007年12月,后腹腔镜肾癌根治术67例.男44例,女23例.年龄23-80岁,平均52岁.肿瘤位于右侧35例,左侧32例;位于肾上极15例,中极29例,下极23例.肿瘤直径1.5～8.0 cm,平均4.64 cm.术前肿瘤分期:T1N0M0 64例,T2N0M0 3例.结果:手术时间为55～253 min,平均110 min.术中出血10～500ml,平均98ml,前10例平均出血152ml,后10例平均出血量仅58ml.术后住院7～12d,平均8d.术后肠功能恢复时间1～2 d.术后随访2～26个月,平均12.1个月.无局部复发或远处转移,无切口或操作孔肿瘤种植. 结论:后腹腔镜肾癌根治术具有微创、出血少、术后恢复快等优点,是一种安全、可靠的手术方法.     

腹膜后腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科中的应用

目的探讨腹膜后腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科中的应用。方法 2006年7月~2010年12月我院共进行泌尿外科腹腔镜手术53例,其中肾上腺肿瘤切除3例,肾切除3例,肾囊肿去顶减压35例,输尿管切开取石术12例。结果 53例手术均成功。手术时间肾上腺肿瘤切除80~160min（平均110min）,肾切除术110~190min（平均130min）,肾囊肿去顶减压术40~100min（平均70min）,输尿管切开取石术70~170min（平均100min）。术中出血20~260ml（平均80ml）。术后住院6~12d,平均8d。结论腹膜后腹腔镜手术具备切口小、损伤小、出血少、住院时间短等优点,适合泌尿外科开展。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术与开放手术的疗效比较

目的：评价后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的疗效。方法：对我院15例行单侧后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术（后腹腔镜组）和18例行单侧开放性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术（开放手术组）的患者的临床资料进行比较。结果：后腹腔镜手术组15例均手术成功;肿瘤直径最大2．1～8．5cm,平均（4．2±1．8）em;手术时间55～180min,平均（85±35）min;出血量25-105ml,平均（45±25）ml;术中2例发生高血压,术后止痛剂应用1次;术后下床活动时间为2-4d,平均（2．5±1．5）d;术后住院时间为5～8d,平均（6．0±1．5）d。开放手术组18例均手术成功;肿瘤直径最大2．0～10．5cm,平均（4．5±2．5）cm;手术时间90-250min,平均（140±50）min;出血量95～650ml,平均（350±150）ml;输血6例。术中10例发生高血压,术后止痛剂应用4次;术后下床活动时间为5～7d,平均（5．5±1．5）d;术后住院时间为7～12d,平均（10．5±1．5）d。结论：对有较丰富腹腔镜手术经验的术者,后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术不仅手术时间短、出血量少、对患者的创伤小,而且术中对血压的控制较好,是治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤安全、有效的方法。     

一孔法腹腔镜下高位内环结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝56例

目的 探讨一孔法腹腔镜下高位内环结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的方法,疗效及优点.方法 用一孔法微型腹腔镜手术治疗56例小儿腹股沟斜疝,其中左侧32例,双侧3例.所有例斜疝均在腹腔镜下行一孔法内环高位结扎术.结果 手术时间最短5 min,最长35 min,术后住院1～2 d,平均1.5 d,无手术并发症,随访6～24个月,平均18个月,未见复发.结论 一孔法微型腹腔镜下内环高位结扎治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝是一种简单、易行、安全有效、创伤极小、恢复快的超微创方法.     

Hem-o-lok在后腹腔镜肾切除肾蒂处理中的应用

目的：探讨带锁塑料夹（Hem-O-lok）在后腹腔镜肾切除手术应用的可行性。方法：应用后腹腔镜技术行肾切除30例,均用Hem-O-lok结扎肾蒂血管,其中肾癌13例,肾盂、输尿管癌17例。结果：26例手术获成功。1例中转开放手术完成,无肾血管出血。手术时间90～180min,平均130min;出血50-400ml,平均100ml;术后住院7～10d,平均8d。随访1～24个月,无肿瘤复发及术区、切口种植转移。结论：后腹腔镜肾切除术中应用Hem-O-lok结扎肾蒂血管安全可行、疗效可靠。     

后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺疾病34例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺病变的适应证、手术方法及效果。方法对34例肾上腺病变患者行后腹腔镜肾上腺病变切除术，其中皮质醇腺瘤5例，醛固酮腺瘤12例，嗜铬细胞瘤2例，双侧肾上腺皮质增生5例，无功能腺瘤5例，肾上腺囊肿5例。结果手术均获成功，手术时间40-180min，平均75min；术中出血量20-400ml，平均65ml，平均下床时间1．5（1-3）d，平均术后住院时间为6．4（2-15）d。24例随访6-36个月，平均11个月，血压、体貌和化验检查均正常。切除肿瘤平均直径为3．6（1．5-5．5）cm，术后并发血肿3例，经保守治疗治愈，建道孔感染5例。病理检查报告与术前相符。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术具有微创、出血少、恢复快、并发症少等特点，应为治疗肾上腺良性疾病的首选方法。     

腹腔镜和开放根治性肾切除术治疗T2期肾癌的临床疗效比较

目的 比较腹腔镜和开放行根治性肾切除术治疗T2期肾癌的临床效果。方法 对同期138例肾癌患者分别行腹腔镜或开放根治性肾切除术,腹腔镜手术组63例,开放手术组75例。比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后进食时间及住院时间等指标。结果 腹腔镜肾根治性切除术手术时间为90~385min,平均（213±61.6）min;开放手术时间为55~320 min,平均（173±52.3）min,二者差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。腹腔镜手术组术中失血量为30~1 600 ml,平均（220±291.8）ml;开放手术组术中失血量为50~1400 ml,平均（319±244.1）ml,差异有统计学意义（P=0.032）。经腹腹腔镜组术后1～4d进食,平均（2.4±0.82）d;经后腹膜腹腔镜组为术后2～5 d进食,平均（3.1±1.02）d,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000)。经腹腹腔镜组术后住院4～15 d,平均（7.3±2.50）d;经后腹膜腹腔镜组术后住院6～15 d,平均（9.3±2.25）d,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000)。结论 腹腔镜根治性肾切除术有出血少、术后进食早和术后住院时间短等优点,术后并发症发生率和开放手术相近,腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗T2期肾癌安全可行。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…