重性抑郁症患者大脑灰质密度与单胺氧化酶A基因多态性的初步研究

目的 探讨单胺氧化酶A基因30bp串联重复序列多态性(MAOA-uVNTR)对中青年重性抑郁症患者大脑灰质密度的影响.方法 应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增目的 基因,1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离,将56例抑郁症患者以及37例性别比例、年龄、受教育年限上差异无显著性的健康对照分为低活性基因型组(3R,3R/4R)和高活性基因型组(4R),93例受试者均经结构磁共振(MRI)扫描头部.结果 ①抑郁症患者组和正常对照组间基因型及等位基因分布频率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②与正常对照组相比,抑郁症患者左右尾状核(K=11/68,Z=3.76/4.76)、左右丘脑(K=21/181,Z=3.26/3.63)、右下丘脑(K=38/12,Z=4.20/3.60)灰质密度显著降低.③高活性基因型患者组较低活性基因型患者组左右尾状核(K=17/33,Z=3.23/4.36)、左壳核(K=16,Z=3.42)、右下丘脑(K=12,Z=3.62)灰质密度显著降低.高活性基因型组患者组较同基因型健康组左尾状核(K=11,Z=4.13)、左右丘脑(K=13/14,Z=3.53/3.23)、左海马旁回(K=13,Z=4.04)密度显著降低.结论 高活性基因型可能是引起抑郁症患者边缘系统-纹状体-苍白球-丘脑环路结构异常的一个重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the impact of the variable number of tandem repeats of monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA-uVNTR) on the concentration of gray matter in patients with major depressive disorders.Methods 56 cases of depression, as well as 37 healthy controls who were matched in gender, age and years of education were divided into low-activity genotype (3R or 3R/4R), and high-activity genotype (4R) with the methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and 1.5％ agarose gel electrophoresis separation. 93 cases all were performaned structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Results ① The difference of genotype and allele frequency between the depression group and the healthy group was not statistically significant(P＞0.05 ). ②Compared with the healthy,the concentration of gray matter( GMC ) of bilateral caudate nucleus (K = 11/68, Z =3.76/4.76 ), bilateral thalamus ( K = 21/181, Z = 3.26/3.63 ) and right hypothalamus ( K = 38/12, Z = 4.20/3.60) reduced significantly in depressed patients. ③ In patients with depression, cases with the high-activity genotype showed reduced GMC bilateral caudate nucleus (K = 17/33, Z = 3.23/4.36 ), left putamen ( K = 16, Z =3.42 ) and right hypothalamus( K = 12, Z = 3.62 ) in comparision with patients with low-activity genotype. In highactivity genotype group,compared with the healthy,patients with depression had reduced GMC in left caudate nucleus ( K = 11, Z = 4.13 ), bilateral thalamus ( K = 13/14, Z = 3.53/3.23 ) and left parahippocampal gyrus ( K = 13,Z = 4.04). Conclusion High-activity genotype may be an important factor contributing to the structural abnormalitily of the limbic-striatum-globus pallidus-thalamus loop.     

Brain glucose metabolism and neuropsychological test in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Objective To investigate the features of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose （rCMRglc） in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) by positron emission-tomography and its relationship with neuropsychological test.Methods Positron emission tomography, mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale were applied in 10 patients with MCI and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group. Results Scores of mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale in MCI patients were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). rCMRglc of the left orbital gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and right putamen was lower in the MCI group than in the control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis in the MCI group indicated that rCMRglc of many brain regions such as the orbital gyrus, putamen, left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, left amygdaloid body, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and medial occipitotemporal gyrus in MCI patients, were correlated negatively with age; while the rCMRglc of many parts of the brain such as the left putamen, temporal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, left insular lobe, amygdaloid body, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and medial occipitotemporal gyrus were correlated positively with mini-mental state examination; and rCMRglc of the left putamen, temporal lobe, left insular lobe, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with Wechsler memory scale. The right putamen, the right inferior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with the length of education. However, only rCMRglc of the left amygdaloid body were correlated positively with gender. Conclusion The rCMRglc was lower in the orbital gyrus and putamen of MCI patients. Their rCMRglc were correlated with their cognitive impairment severity, age, length of education and sex.     

Spontaneous brain activity in chronic smokers revealed by fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation analysis: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Background Nicotine is primarily rsponsible for the highly addictive properties of cigarettes. Similar to other substances, nicotine dependence is related to many important brain regions, particular in mesolimbic reward circuit. This study was to further reveal the alteration of brain function activity dudng resting state in chronic smokers by fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation （fALFF） based on functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, in order to provide the evidence of neurobiological mechanism of smoking. Methods This case control study involved twenty healthy smokers and nineteen healthy nonsmokers recruited by advertisement. Sociodemographic, smoking related characteristics and fMRI images were collected and the data analyzed. Results Compared with nonsmokers, smokers showed fALFF increased significantly in the left middle occipital gyrus, left limbic lobe and left cerebellum posterior lobe but decreases in the right middle frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right extra nuclear, left postcentral gyrus and left cerebellum anterior lobe （cluster size 〉100 voxels）. Compared with light smokers （pack years 〈20）, heavy smokers （pack years 〉20） showed fALFF increased significantly in the right superior temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right occipital Iobe/cuneus but decreased in the right/left limbic Iobe/cingulate gyrus, right/left frontal lobe/sub gyral, right/left cerebellum posterior lobe （cluster size 〉50 voxels）. Compared with nonsevere nicotine dependent smokers （FagerstrSm test for nicotine dependence, score 〈6）, severe nicotine dependent smokers （score 〉6） showed fALFF increased significantly in the right/left middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal Iobule but decreased in the left limbic Iobe/cingulate gyrus （cluster size 〉25 voxels）. Conclusions In smokers during rest, the activity of addiction related regions were increased and the activity of smoking feeling, memory, related regions were also changed. The resting state activity changes in many regions were associated with the cumulative amount of nicotine intake and the severity of nicotine dependence.     

Increased regional homogeneity in internet addiction disorder: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Background Internet addition disorder （lAD） is currently becoming a serious mental health problem among Chinese adolescents. The pathogenesis of lAD, however, remains unclear. The purpose of this study applied regional homogeneity （ReHo） method to analyze encephalic functional characteristic of lAD college students under resting state. Methods Functional magnetic resonanc image （fMRI） was performed in 19 lAD college students and 19 controls under resting state. ReHo method was used to analyze the differences between the average ReHo in two groups. Results The following increased ReHo brain regions were found in lAD group compared with control group： cerebellum, brainstem, right cingulate gyrus, bilateral parahippocampus, right frontal lobe （rectal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus）, left superior frontal gyrus, left precuneus, right postcentral gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. The decreased ReHo brain regions were not found in the lAD group compared with the control group. Conclusions There are abnormalities in regional homogeneity in lAD college students compared with the controls and enhancement of synchronization in most encephalic regions can be found. The results reflect the functional change of brain in lAD college students. The connections between the enhancement of synchronization among cerebellum, brainstem, limbic lobe, frontal lobe and apical lobe may be relative to reward pathways.     

抑郁症患者脑抑制功能的磁源性影像学研究

目的 利用磁源性影像(Magnetic source imaging,MSI)技术观察复发单相抑郁症患者在完成Stroop字色干扰测试任务时脑抑制功能的实时变化.方法 利用脑磁图检测23例复发单相抑郁症患者及20名年龄、性别、受教育年限近似匹配的健康对照者完成Stronp字色干扰测试任务时脑抑制功能的改变.结果 与正常对照组相比.患者组完成Stroop字色干扰测试任务时,依次激活增强的区域有双侧丘脑(t=2.46,t=2.92)、右颞梭状回(t=1.81)、右颞中回(t=1.76)、右额下回(t=2.28)、左前扣带回(t=2.00)、左尾状核头(t=1.81)、中央前回(t=2.17)、右海马(t=2.04)、左颞上回(t=2.47);依次激活减弱的脑区有右额上回(t=1.76)、双侧额中回(t=1.95,t=2.09)、右枕楔叶(t=1.97)、扣带回(t=1.70,t=2.08)、中央后回(t=2.57,t=2.65)、左缘上回(t:2.16)、左豆状核壳核(t=2.39)、双侧颞中回(t=2.22,t=1.90)、左脑岛(t=1.81)、左颞上回(t=1.90)、右顶叶(t=3.26)等.结论 结果提示抑郁症患者完成Streop字色干扰测试任务时参与抑制功能的脑区功能较正常人存在异常,对字色的干扰信息的抑制能力减弱.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the variation of brain inhibitory function of depressed patients during the processes of the Stroop color-word interference task with the Magnetic source imaging ( MSI) technology. Methods Twenty-three depressed patients and twenty age-,gender- and education- matched healthy controls were involved in the Stroop word-color interference test to detect the variation of brain inhibitory function by magnetoen-cephaloraphy scanning. Results Compared with the healthy controls,the abnormal activities in depressed patients during different time periods were separately as follows: increased activation in the bilateral thalamus( t = 2.46, t = 2.92 ) ,the right temple fusiform gyrus ( t = 1. 81) , the right middle temporal gyrus ( t = 1. 76) , the right inferior frontal gyrus( t = 2.28) , the left anterior cingulate( t = 2.00) , the left caudate head( t=1.81) ,the precentral gy-rus( t = 2.17) ,the right parahippocampal gyrus( t = 2.04) ,the left superior temporal gyrus(t = 2.47) ; decreased activation in the right superior temporal gyrus( t=1.76) ,the bilateral middle frontal gyrus(t=1.95, t = 2.09), the right cuneus( t=1.97) ,the cingulate gyrus( t=1.70, t = 2.08) ,the postcentral gyrus( t = 2.57, t = 2.65) , the left supramarginal gyrus( t = 2. 16) ,the left lentiform nucleus putamen( t = 2.39) ,the bilateral middle temporal gyrus (t = 2.22, t= 1.90) ,the left insula( t= 1. 81) ,the left superior temporal gyrus( t= 1.90) ,the right parietal lobe( t= 3.26). Conclusion The abnormal activation inefficiency in the brain regions related with inhibition function is reflected in depressed patients,and the ability against interference information declines.     

Gray Matter Volume Changes over the Whole Brain in the Bulbar-and Spinal-onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis:a Voxel-based Morphometry Study

Objective To investigate cerebral structural signatures of the bulbar- and spinal-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using voxel-based morphometry on magnetic resonance imaging. Methods The MR structural images of the brain were obtained from 65 ALS patients (15 bulbar-onset, 50 spinal-onset) and 65 normal controls (NC) on a 3.0T MRI system. Gray matter (GM) volume changes were investigated by voxel-based morphometry, and the distribution of the brain regions with volume changes was compared between ALS and normal controls, as well as between bulbar-onset and spinal-onset ALS based on Neuromorphometrics atlas. Results On voxel-level the decreased volume of brain regions in ALS patients was located in the right precentral gyrus (rPrcGy) and right middle frontal gyrus compared with that in NC. The bulbar-onset ALS presented extra-motor cortex atrophy (fronto-temporal pattern), including left medial orbital gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus; the spinal-onset ALS suffered from motor cortex atrophy (rPrcGy dominance) and extra-motor cortex atrophy (fronto-temporal and extra-fronto-temporal pattern) compared with NC. The spinal-onset ALS featured by GM volume loss of left postcentral gyrus and bulbar-onset ALS featured by GM volume loss of left middle temporal gyrus compared with each other. Conclusions The asymmetric GM atrophy of the motor cortex and extra-motor cortex represents the common MRI structural signatures of spinal-onset ALS, and sole extra-motor cortex atrophy represents the structural signatures of bulbar-onset ALS. The present study also demonstrated that the pattern of GM damage is likely to distribute wider in spinal-onset ALS than in bulbar-onset ALS.     

Cerebral activation during unilateral clenching in patients with temporomandibular joint synovitis and biting pain: an functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Background  Functional magnetic resonance is a non-invasive method that can examine brain activity and has been widely used in various fields including jaw movement and pain processing. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is one of the most frequent facial pain problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the brain activities using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during unilateral maximal voluntary clenching tasks in the TMD synovitis patients with biting pain.

Methods  Fourteen TMD synovitis patients with unilateral biting pain and 14 controls were included in the study. Contralateral biting pain was defined as right molar clenching causing left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Ipsilateral biting pain was defined as right molar clenching causing right TMJ pain. Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) was administered to the patients and controls. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the SCL-90 subscales between the two groups. Unilateral clenching tasks were performed by the patients and controls. Imaging data were analyzed using SPM99.

Results  Patients were divided into contralateral TMD biting pain group (n=8) and ipsilateral TMD biting pain group (n=6). The SCL-90 subscales were significantly different between the two groups for somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation. Group analysis of the controls demonstrated brain activations in the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and insular. The areas of activation were different between right and left clenching task. In TMJ synovitis patients with contralateral or ipsilateral biting pain, the group analysis showed activations in the inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, medium frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions  The inferior frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus play essential roles during the unilateral clenching task. Activation of anterior cingulate cortex in the synovitis patients with biting pain was associated with higher levels of psychological distress.

     

Propofol Affects Different Human Brain Regions Depending on Depth of Sedation

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on brain regions at different sedation levels and the association between changes in brain region activity and loss of consciousness using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. Methods Forty-eight participants were enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2011 to March 2012 and randomly assigned to a mild or a deep sedation group using computer- generated random numbers. Preliminary tests were performed a week prior to scanning to determine target effect site concentrations based on BIS and concomitant Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores while under propofol. Within one week of the preliminary tests where propofol dose-response was established, BOLD-fMRI was conducted to examine brain activation with the subject awake, and with propofol infusion at the sedation level. Results Mild propofol sedation inhibited left inferior parietal lobe activation. Deep sedation inhibited activation of the left insula, left superior temporal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus. Compared with mild sedation, deep propofol sedation inhibited activation of the left thalamus, precentral gyrus, anterior cingulate, and right basal nuclei. Conclusion Mild and deep propofol sedation are associated with inhibition of different brain regions, possibly explaining differences in the respective loss of consciousness processes.     

抑郁症患者识别悲伤表情刺激时磁源性影像动态变化的性别差异

目的 本研究利用脑磁图(MEG)技术以及表情类型识别实验范式来探讨抑郁症患者识别面部悲伤动态表情时功能网络神经基础的性别差异.方法 利用脑磁图检测12例女性抑郁症患者以及11名年龄、受教育年限相匹配的男性抑郁症患者以及正常对照者识别动态表情视频时的脑部反应.结果 与男性抑郁症患者相较,女性抑郁症患者识别面部悲伤动态表情时活动增强的脑区依次为双侧额下回(x,y,z=58/-60,12/22,20/20,T=2.17,1.88)、左前扣带回(x,y,z=64,12,4,T=2.37)、双侧额上回(x,y,z=30/-24,64/-4,0/50,T=2.86,2.36)、左脑干(x,y,z=-12,-16,-18,T=1.96)、右额中回(x,y,z=40,60,4,T=2.22)、双侧中央前回(x,y,z=-62/56,16/10,10/8.T=1.99,2.65)、左海马(x,y,z=-26,-14,-20,T=1.77)、左海马旁回(x,y,z=-16,-12,-20,T=1.72)、右枕中回(x,y,z=50,-76,-14,T=1.75)等;活动减弱的脑区依次为右颞上回(x,y,z=68,-18,2,T=1.85)、右海马旁回(x,y,z=20,-36,-14,T=1.92)、左楔叶(x,y,z=-6,-98,14,T=2.46)、双侧颞中回(x,y,z=52/-34,-80/-62,20/28,T=1.95,2.57)、左楔前叶(x,y,z=-40,-74,38,T=2.58)、右海马旁回(x,y,z=24,-32,-18,T=2.05)等.设P＜0.05时,均差异具有显著性.结论 本研究结果提示抑郁症患者的悲伤情绪识别功能网络存在显著的性别差异.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the gender differences of brain activation between patients with depression in recognition of dynamically sad expression with magnetoencephalography (MEG) technology and the paradigm of expressional experiment,and further to examine its neurological basis. Methods Brain activities were detected using MEG during the recognition of dynamic facial video with 12 female depressed patients, 11 male depressed patients, and their corresponding normal controls matched by age and education. Results Compared with male depression,female depression showed increased activation during different time periods were in turn as follows: bilateral inferior frontal gyrus ( x, y, z = 58/- 60,12/22,20/20, T = 2.17,1.88 ), left anterior cingulate gyrus ( x, y, z = 64,12,4, T = 2.37 ), bilateral superior frontal gyrus ( x, y, z= 30/-24,64/- 4,0/50, T = 2.86,2.36 ),the left brainstem( x, y,z = - 12, - 16, - 18 ,T = 1.96) ,right middle frontal gyrus( x,y,z =40,60,4,T = 2.22 ),bilateral precentral gyrus(x,y,z = -62/56, 16/10, 10/8. T = 1.99,2.65 ) ,left hippocampus ( x,y,z = - 26,- 14, -20,T = 1.77) ,left parahippocampal gyrus(x,y,z = - 16, - 12, -20,T = 1.72) ,right middle occipital gyrus( x ,y ,z = 50, -76, -14 ,T = 1. 75 ),while the decreased brain activation were in turn in right superior temporal gyrus ( x, y, z = 68, - 18,2, T = 1.85 ), right parahippocampal gyrus ( x, y, z = 20, - 36, - 14, T = 1.92 ), left cuneus( x,y,z = -6, -98,14,T =2.46) ,bilateral temporal middle gyrus( x,y,z =52/-34, - 80/-62,20/28,T = 1.95,2.57 ), left pre-cuneus ( x, y, z = - 40, - 74,38, T = 2.58 ), right hippocampus( x, y, z = 24, - 32, - 18,T = 2.05 ) in recognition of dynamically sad expression. ( p ＜ 0. 05, corrected). Conclusion The data suggest that there may be significant gender differences of functional network in depressed patients during recognizing dynamical sad facial expression.     

Volumetric MRI Analysis of the Amygdala and Hippocampus in Subjects with Major Depression

In order to explore the MRI volume of the amygdala and bippacampus in patients with major depression, quantitative MRI of the amygdala and hippocampus were studied in 22 patienis with major depression and compared with 13 age matched controls, The results showed that both groups exhibited similar significant bippocampal asymmetry (left smaller than right ).The volume of the bilateral hippocampus was significantly smaller in the major depression group than that in control group, The patients had significant asymmetry of the amygdalar volumes (right smaller than left),No correlation was found between bippocampal volume abnormalities and ill duration, It was concluded that the hippocampus and amygdala within limbic-cortical networks may play a crucial role in the patbogenesis of major depression.     

首发与复发抑郁症患者识别悲伤面部表情的脑功能差异研究

目的 探讨首发和复发抑郁症患者识别悲伤面部表情时脑区功能的差异.方法 首发、复发重性抑郁症患者各11例,以及性别、年龄、受教育年限与患者匹配的健康对照11例入组,利用功能核磁共振成像检测受试者在识别悲伤及中性面部表情视频时的激活脑区.结果 与正常对照组相比,首发抑郁症患者识别悲伤面部表情(识别悲伤面部表情-识别中性面部表情)时活动增加的脑区有右楔叶、右梭状回、双侧额中回、左颞中回、左海马旁回(K值≥10,P<0.001),而活动降低的脑区有右颞上回、右海马旁回(K值≥10,P<0.001),复发抑郁症患者活动降低的脑区有右额下回、右颞上回(K值≥10,P<0.001),未发现活动增加的脑区;与首发抑郁症患者相比,复发抑郁症患者活动降低的脑区有右额中回、右颞上回、右中央前回、右丘脑、右屏状核(K值≥10,P<0.001),活动增高的脑区有右海马旁回、右屏状核、右岛叶(K值≥10,P<0.001).结论 抑郁症患者特别是首发抑郁症患者悲伤面部表情识别的神经基础与正常人存在差异,表现为更多的脑区参与情绪刺激的识别;复发抑郁症患者与首发抑郁症患者悲伤面部表情识别的神经基础也存在差异,表现为更多情绪识别相关脑区功能下降.     

色氨酸羟化酶1和单胺氧化酶A基因对抑郁症患者额叶负性情绪加工功能的叠加效应

目的 利用影像基因组学方法,分析色氨酸羟化酶1基因A218C多态性、单胺氧化酶A基因串联重复序列(u-VNTR)多态性对抑郁症额叶功能的影响,以初步探讨抑郁症额叶功能异常的遗传学基础.方法 对28例抑郁症患者及34例性别、年龄、受教育年限匹配的健康对照进行负性情绪识别功能核磁共振扫描及基因分型,以双侧额叶上、中、下回为感兴趣脑区,比较不同基因型患者组、对照组额叶亚区激活强度的差异及两种多态性之间的交互作用.结果 TPH1 AA基因型患者组(0.19±0.01)、AA基因型对照组(0.15 ±0.05)左额下回激活强度较其余4组显著增强,AA基因型患者组右额下回(0.28±0.07)激活较其余五组显著增强.MAOA高活性基因型患者组右额中回(0.15±0.06)、左额下回(0.18±0.02)激活强度均较低活性基因型患者组、低活性基因型对照组显著增强.两种基因型对左额下回(F=4.98,P=0.047)存在叠加作用,患者组中,AA+H基因型携带者左额下回激活强度显著增强.结论 五羟色胺系统中的不同基因能够通过共同的五羟色胺能作用影响抑郁症大脑功能异常.     

未治疗惊恐障碍患者脑结构和脑功能的磁共振研究

目的:探讨未治疗惊恐障碍患者的脑结构和脑功能特点.方法:分别对24例惊恐障碍患者和健康对照者依次完成情绪计数Stroop任务的功能磁共振和三维结构磁共振扫描,应用优化的基于体素形态学( voxel-based morphology,VBM)方法分析脑灰质体积.结果:将加工惊恐词汇与中性词汇相比较,惊恐障碍患者组在左侧丘...     

抑郁症患者识别悲伤表情时额叶-扣带回功能连接的初步研究

目的 分析抑郁症患者及健康对照在识别悲伤面部表情过程中额叶-扣带回功能连接差异,以初步探讨抑郁症患者情绪偏向性的神经基础.方法 检测12例女性重型抑郁症患者和12例匹配健康对照在识别悲伤及中性面部表情时的激活脑区,基于动态因果模型比较2组额叶-扣带回功能连接强度.结果 对刺激调节连接模型进行贝叶斯模型比较得出:模型二与观测数据更为匹配,模型二与模型一的比较上,平均贝叶斯因子大于7.38;模型二与模型三的比较上,平均贝叶斯因子大于2.71.以固有连接模型和刺激调节连接模型二分别进行固有连接参数和刺激调节连接参数计算后,结果表现在抑郁症患者前扣带回与右额下回之间两种连接参数高于正常对照.结论 抑郁症患者存在额叶-扣带回功能连接异常增强,这可能是负性情绪偏向性的神经基础.     

反复发作抑郁症患者前扣带回额叶执行功能的磁源性影像研究

目的 观察反复发作抑郁症患者前扣带回、额叶执行功能在时间空间序列的变化特征.方法 18例反复发作抑郁症患者及21名年龄、性别、受教育年匹配的健康对照入组,利用脑磁图检测受试者在完成Stroop字色干扰测试时前扣带回、额叶功能的实时改变.结果 1.与对照组相比,患者组完成Stroop字色干扰测试时激活增强的脑区依次为(t代表激活强度):(1)100～ 200ms:右前扣带回(t=1.81)、双侧额内侧同(t=l.91,t=1.86)、左额上回(t=1.79)、右额中回(t=1.82)、右额下回(t=1.82)(2)200～300ms:左前扣带回(t=1.82);(3)250 ～350 m:左前扣带同(t=2.67)、左额内侧同(t=2.43)、左额下回(t=1.91);(4)300～400ms:左前扣带回(t=2.26)、双侧额下回(t=1.97,t=2.66)、左额内侧回(t=2.35);(5)350 ～450ms:左前扣带回(t=2.02)、左额内侧回(t=2.00)、双侧额下回(t=1.74,t=1.78);(6)400 ～ 500 ms:左前扣带回(t=2.01)、左额内侧回(t=1.97);2.与对照组相比,患者组完成Stroop字色干扰测试时激活减弱的脑区为:200～300 ms左额中回(t=1.79)、左额上回(t=1.76).结论 反复发作抑郁症患者前扣带回、额叶脑区存在时间和空间序列双层次的激活紊乱.     

首发抑郁症患者的静息态功能成像

目的运用REHO技术探讨首发抑郁症患者静息态脑功能的变化。方法采用GE 3.0T磁共振成像仪对18例首发抑郁症
患者和20例性别、年龄相匹配的正常志愿者进行静息态功能成像（fMRI）检查,排除全脑器质性病变,运用DPARSF、REST分析
软件进行全脑分析。结果抑郁症患者与正常志愿者比较,抑郁症患者存在多个与认知及情绪控制相关脑区的自发神经活动异
常,其中在左侧后扣带回、双侧颞下回、双侧颞上回、左侧到岛盖部额下回、左侧海马、左侧中央后回、左侧角回、右侧杏仁核、右
侧眶内额上回、右侧补充运动区、右侧小脑后叶局部一致性减低（P<0.05）。结论首发抑郁症患者静息态脑功能存在部分脑功
能异常。这些脑区均与认知和情绪的控制密切相关。
     

基于体素的形态测量学方法分析颞叶癫痫患者脑灰质体积变化

目的采用基于体素的形态测量学方法比较颞叶癫痫患者和正常人脑灰质的体积,探讨颞叶癫痫患者脑灰质体积的变化。方法收集22例经手术病例证实的颞叶癫痫患者及15例性别、年龄相匹配的健康志愿者,分别行全脑三维结构像扫描,采用基于体素的形态学测量学(VBM)方法分析病例组及对照组的数据,计算和比较两组脑灰质的体积。结果与对照组相比,左侧颞叶癫痫患者的右侧小脑前叶、左侧颞中回、左侧颞下回、左侧枕中回、左侧额下回、右侧额下回、右侧颞中回、左侧海马、左侧额上回、右侧尾状叶、右侧额中回、左侧中央后回、右侧中央前回灰质体积减小(P均0.05);右侧颞叶癫痫患者的右侧颞下回、右侧颞中回、左侧舌回、左侧枕下回、左侧颞下回、左侧海马旁回、右侧丘脑、左侧枕上回、左侧颞中回、右侧额上回、左侧中央前回、左侧中央后回、右侧中央前回灰质体积减小(P均0.05)。结论颞叶癫痫患者多个脑区脑灰质体积降低,通过采用基于体素的形态测量学技术可以反映脑灰质体积的变化。     

首发抑郁症患者大脑灰质密度基于体素的形态测量学分析

目的:运用基于体素的形态测量学分析方法对首发抑郁症患者的全脑灰质密度特征进行研究.方法:38例首发抑郁症患者和42例正常对照接受磁共振(MRI)检查,并应用基于体素的形态测量学方法分析其全脑灰质密度的特征.结果:首发抑郁症患者右侧额中回、右侧额上回、左侧额下回以及左侧额上回的灰质密度明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.001)...