兔肺灌注模型的建立及肺保存液对供肺保护作用研究

目的：建立肺灌注模型，探索新的肺保存液。方法：切取离体左心肺移植体作为去氧肺，利用两个相同滚压泵，对保存的左心肺进行再灌注，将15只兔分成3组，每组5只，分别作为对照组（A组）、Euro-Collins(EC)液中加入乙酰半胱氨酸和硝酸甘油组（B组）、EC液组（C组），将供肺低温保存10h后再行灌注和纯O2通气，分别检测再灌注后10、20、30、40、50、60min的血气分析，肺气道压（PIP），肺动脉压（PAP）和湿干比（W／D），结果：B组供肺保存良好，测定结果与A组相当，明显优于C组。结论：本实验模型具有稳定性好，敏感的特点，加入乙酰半胱氨酸和硝酸甘油的EＣ液保存供肺，可使供肺保存时间延长，肺功能保存良好。     

羟乙基淀粉及动脉灌注法结合持续低流量灌注对兔心肺联合保存的作用

目的研究胶体物质羟乙基淀粉（ＨＥＳ）及低流量灌注技术（ＬＦＰ）对兔心肺联合保存的作用。方法选用健康家兔５０只，２只用于正常心肺组织的超微结构观察，４８只随机均分为晶体液（ＣＳ）组、ＨＥＳ组及ＬＦＰ组，每组８对供、受体。用Ｓｔ．Ｔｈｏｍａｓ液及改良Ｅｕｒｏ－Ｃｏｌｌｉｎｓ液灌注ＣＳ组心、肺，含５％ＨＥＳ的Ｓｔ．Ｔｈｏｍａｓ液及改良Ｅｕｒｏ－Ｃｏｌｌｉｎｓ液灌注ＨＥＳ组及ＬＦＰ组心、肺，取心与左肺整体４℃保存７ｈ，保存期间ＬＦＰ组经主、肺动脉持续低流量（０．２５ｍｌ／ｇ心肺重量／ｈ）灌注４℃相应保存液。移植后每３０ｍｉｎ测定供体心左室收缩压（ＬＶｓｐ）、左室舒张末压（ＬＶｅｄｐ）、右房压（ＲＡＰ）及供体肺气道峰压（Ｐａｗ），取动脉血测氧分压（ＰａＯ２），实验结束时记录异丙肾上腺素用量，计算心肺重量增值，测定心肺组织丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，取心肺组织观察超微结构。结果ＣＳ组心肺重量增值高于ＨＥＳ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＨＥＳ组与ＬＦＰ组无明显差异。ＣＳ组ＬＶｓｐ均低于ＨＥＳ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１），３０，６０ｍｉｎ时ＬＦＰ组高于ＨＥＳ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＣＳ组ＬＶｅｄｐ均高于ＨＥＳ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）     

微型体外循环机充氮建立离体肺灌注模型

采用自制微型体外循环机充氮气建立离体肺灌注工作模型，用以研究供体移植肺保存的效果。对３２只新西兰白兔离体肺保存６ｈ后进行实验研究，微型体外循环机的氮气流量与血流量为２∶１时，可形成ＰＯ２＜５ｋＰａ的模拟静脉血，用这样的血灌注肺动脉并采取左心耳血做血气分析，可了解肺保存后的换气功能。此外，还可测定肺动脉灌注压和气道压的变化     

低温高压一氧化碳(CO)干燥法对离体兔心的保护作用及机制

目的 探讨低温(4 ℃)高压CO(CO=0.8ATA,O₂=3.2ATA,ATA:1个标准大气压)干燥法对离体兔心的保护作用及其机制。方法 取72只新西兰兔作为实验对象,采用数字表法随机分为5组,空白对照组(8只),即刻移植组(16只),普通干燥组(16只),低温高压CO干燥保存组(16只),低温HTK浸泡保存组(16只);分别将后3组离体兔心用单纯干燥、低温高压CO干燥及低温HTK液浸泡等方法进行保存18 h,并将保存后的离体兔心进行兔子腹腔异位移植,测定移植兔心复跳率、心肌酶(CK:肌酸激酶;CK-MB:肌酸激酶同工酶;AST:血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶;LDH:血清乳酸脱氢酶)、炎性反应因子(TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α;IL-1:白细胞介素-1;IL-17:白细胞介素-17;ICAM-1:细胞间黏附因子-1)及行心肌组织苏木精-伊红染色(HE染色)检查。对各项试验指标进行统计分析,进一步探讨低温高压CO干燥对离体兔心的保护效果及其在抗炎性反应方面的作用及其机制。结果 低温高压CO干燥保存法较低温HTK液浸泡保存法而言能有效的降低心肌酶(CK-MB、LDH、CK)的量(P值均<0.05),有效抑制炎性反应因子(IL-1、IL-17、TNF-α)的释放(P值均<0.05),减轻心肌细胞损伤。结论 低温高压CO干燥保存法对离体兔心的保存效果优于传统的低温HTK液浸泡法。     

低钾保护液对离体肺保护的实验研究

目的 应用兔离体肺再灌注模型低钾保护液（ＬＰＤ）与Ｅｕｒｏ－Ｃｏｌｌｉｎｓ液（ＥＣ）对肺保护的作用。方法 １８只实验用兔随机分为两组和 分别用ＬＰＤ液及ＥＣ液进行肺灌洗保存。每组９只再分为３小组,分别保存２,４及８ｈ后进行肺再灌测定再灌注后血管阻力（ＰＶＲ）,肺通气阻力（ＬＲ）,肺含水量（ＬＷ）及肺静脉血气分析以也解肺保护效果。结果 （１）ＥＣ组随保存时间的延长,ＬＲ逐渐增加,８ｈ后明显增高,但保     

微型体外循环机充氮建立离体肺灌注工作模型

采用自制微型体外循环机充氮气建立离体肺灌注工作模型，用以研究供体移植肺保存的效果。对３２只新西兰白兔离体肺保存６小时后进行实验研究，微型体外循环机的氮气流量与血流量之比为２∶１时，可造成ＰＯ２＜５ｋＰａ的模拟静脉血，用血灌注肺动脉并分别采取肺动、静血做血气分析，可了解肺保存后换气功能。此外还可测定肺动脉灌注压和气道压的气化。     

前列腺素E1?腺苷对离体兔肺保护作用良好

目的:研究前列腺素E1以及腺苷对离体兔肺的保护作用.方法:将18只新西兰大白兔分为3个实验组,分别为单纯UW液(A组、对照组)、UW液+前列腺素E1(B组)、UW液+腺苷(C组).切取实验兔整体心肺作为离体心肺模型,对心肺模型进行冷灌注、低温保存.分别在2 h末和4 h末,取肺部分标本做电镜分析.于4 h末,结扎右肺门,取右肺检测肺湿/干重比(W/D)、测肺气道压力(Paw).左侧离体心肺接呼吸机模拟移植手术后呼吸,并将自身静脉血用泵从主肺动脉泵入,用负压吸引真空试管取左心房血液做血气分析.结果:B组肺组织气体交换功能的保护作用以及降低供体肺保存过程中含水量的作用明显优于其他组;降低气道压力和C组相当,明显优于对照组.C组肺实质细胞的气体交换功能的保护、降低肺含水量以及降低气道压力明显优于A组.结论:UW液中加入前列腺素E1进行离体肺灌注可以使肺保存时间明显延长、肺气体交换功能保存良好.     

离体兔肺灌注模型的建立及不同成份保存液的肺保护研究

目的:建立离体兔肺灌注模型,研究不同成分保存液对离体兔肺的保存作用.方法:将30只兔分为5组分别为对照组(A组)、uw液 硝酸甘油组(B组)、uw液 前列腺素E1(C组)、UW液与自身动脉血1:2混合组(D组)、UW液与自身动脉血1:4混合组(E组).切取兔心肺作为离体心肺模型,对心肺模型进行冷灌注、低温保存.分别在2 h和4 h取肺部分标本做电镜分析.4 h末检测肺湿干重比、肺气道压力.离体肺接呼吸机后将自身静脉血用泵从主肺动脉泵入,用负压吸引真空试管取左心房血液做血气分析.结果:E、D组对于肺组织气体交换功能的保护相当,明显优于其他组.B、C组对于肺实质细胞的气体交换功能的保护结果相当,明显优于A组.结论:本实验模型可靠.稳定性好.在UW液中加入自体动脉血对离体肺灌注可以使肺保存时间明显延长、肺气体交换功能保存良好,明显优于其他组.在UW液中加入前列腺素E1和硝酸甘油对离体肺保护作用再次得到肯定,明显好于对照组,但和自体动脉血组相比仍有不足.     

肺动脉灌注压力对兔离体肺脏保存质量的影响

目的 应用肺保存液Ｅｕｒｏ－ｃｏｌｌｉｎｓ（ＥＣ液），观察不同肺动脉灌注压力对兔离体肺脏保存质量的影响。方法 根据灌注压力１，２，３，４ｋＰａ的不同将兔分为Ｇ１、Ｇ２、Ｇ３、Ｇ４组，每组１０只，按７０ｍｌ／ｋｇ的总量经肺动脉灌注ＥＣ液，根本压力调节流量，灌注后肺脏置４℃保存液中冷藏４ｈ后予新鲜静脉血进行复灌，测定血气分析、肺阻力、气道压力、肺组织的湿／干重比例及病理发片光镜检查。结果 发现Ｇ２、Ｇ     

氧合血停搏液连续灌注心脏保存模型的建立

目的通过自行设计的离体心脏灌注装置,建立连续灌注大型动物心脏保存模型;评价连续灌注对供心保存的效果。方法广西巴马小型猪24头,分别作为供、受体。单纯冷保存组（n=6）：供心在4℃的UW液中冷保存8 h后移植到受体猪;连续灌注组（n=6）：心脏停搏后连接灌注装置,连续灌注氧合血停搏液,体外保存供心8 h后移植到受体猪。观察两组移植心脏恢复情况,进行左室功能监测,包括左室收缩压（LVSP）,左室舒张末压（LVEDP）,左室内压最大上升/下降速率（±dP/dtmax）,并测定心肌组织氧摄取分数和心肌含水量。结果主动脉开放后3 min内心脏自动复跳率连续灌注组优于冷保存组（P=0.015）;尽管连续灌注组心肌含水量在实验结束时高于冷保存组,但心肌功能测定不论是收缩功能的指标（LVSP、＋dP/dtmax）,还是舒张功能的指标（LVEDP、-dP/dtmax）,连续灌注组均优于冷保存组（P〈0.0001）。结论本自行设计的实验装置,可成功建立连续灌注保存大型动物（猪）心脏模型,与常规冷保存相比,减少缺血性损害,心脏自动复跳率高,功能恢复良好,能够延长供心保存时限。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…