延迟焦化分子尺度动力学模型的工业应用

将延迟焦化分子尺度动力学模型应用于中国石油化工集团高桥石化分公司延迟焦化装置中,以工业标定数据为依据,对焦化原料油及焦化产物的产率分布进行了模拟。结果表明:原料油模拟生成的分子数在1 000~5 000,能够很好地反映原料油的性质;当原料油模拟生成的分子数为4 000时,产物产率的稳定性较好,相对误差都较小,模拟过程能较好地反映实际工业情况,说明该模型具有较好的实用性及可靠性。     

焦化加热炉先进控制系统

以某炼化公司的焦化加热炉为工业应用背景,采用预测函数控制-P ID透明控制结构,辅以基于延迟焦化过程焦炭塔的预热切换事件设计的前馈控制器,研究开发出了一种实用的焦化加热炉先进控制系统。系统投运后,整个生产过程的平稳性和控制精度得到了显著的提高。     

催化裂化动力学模型的建立及其应用

本文应用集总理论,建立了催化裂化十一集总动力学模型,开发了该模型的计算机软件(FCCLK)。利用该软件对工业催化裂化装置和掺炼渣油的中试装置进行了工业验证。结果表明,本模型能够很好地预测不同原料组成、不同操作条件下的催化裂化产物的产率,使工业催化裂化装置实现了优化操作,轻油和汽油收率提高,焦炭产率下降,取得了明显的经济效益。     

加氢裂化尾油的加氢异构性能

在连续微型固定床反应装置中,氢气分压9.0 M Pa、温度300~345°C和体积空速0.6~1.2-h 1条件下评价了加氢裂化尾油的加氢异构性能。研究了反应产物的碳数分布和族组成变化,并建立了三集总动力学模型。研究结果表明:在合适的工艺条件下,润滑油基础油收率可达75%左右,粘度指数在110以上,适合生产AP I II 标准的润滑油基础油。所建立的芳烃和环烷烃、长链烷烃、轻质产物的三集总动力学模型可以较好地预测产物分布。     

重油催化裂化工业装置模拟计算软件的开发

开发了重油催化裂化工业装置模拟计算软件 ( RCCLK) ,包括重油十一集总反应网络的建立、不同类型反应器模型的推导、装置因数的设置和求取方法。催化裂化气体产品关联模型使软件具有预测产品中气体分布的功能 ;催化裂化原料结构关联模型的开发 ,减少了分析催化裂化原料的工作量和难度 ,增强了软件的适用性 ,便于模型的推广应用。工业验证和对催化裂化 -芳烃抽提组合工艺模拟计算的结果表明 ,该模型软件的适用性强 ,预测准确度高     

RCCLK软件对催化裂化掺炼焦化蜡油、柴油的模拟计算

运用重油催化裂化十一集总动力学模型的工业应用软件 RCCLK,对催化裂化装置掺炼焦化蜡油和焦化柴油的工况进行了模拟。结果表明 ,模拟预测计算结果能较好地符合催化裂化反应规律 ,为催化裂化掺炼焦化蜡油、柴油选择合理的操作条件提供了依据     

FDFCC集总反应动力学组合模型的建立

从灵活双效催化裂化（FDFCC）工艺特点和反应机理出发,以其工业提升管实际操作参数为基础,对该工艺的两个子反应体系——重油提升管和汽油提升管分别进行研究并提出了相应的重油12集总、汽油9集总催化裂化动力学模型。详细分析了重油、汽油反应体系与总反应体系相应集总组分的数学关联,提出了FDFCC工艺反应动力学组合模型。最后,采用不同原料、不同操作条件下的两组工业实测数据对该模型进行了验证。结果表明：模型计算值和实测值能很好地吻合(总物料组成的绝对误差除个别点外均在1%以下)。该模型能较好地预测产品分布及性质,对FDFCC工艺的工业装置操作优化具有指导意义。     

生物质在渣油中延迟焦化传热过程模拟

生物质延迟焦化技术是一种新型的生物质热解技术,其中生物质颗粒在渣油中的传热是很重要的一个过程,本文构建了生物质颗粒在渣油延迟焦化过程中的传热模型,采用节点数值解法考察了颗粒半径、渣油升温速率以及生物质颗粒与渣油的表面换热系数对颗粒温差的影响,并分析了颗粒内部的温度分布.研究结果表明:颗粒内部最大温差与颗粒半径的平方和渣油升温速率成正比,颗粒壁面与渣油温差和换热系数成反比.     

中国低阶烟煤和石油渣油的混合加工研究

在小型间歇式反应釜内,进行了文题的试验,考察了降低反应温度和压力的可能性。发现煤种影响虽不如煤直接液化那样敏感,但选择合适煤种仍是重要的。在440℃、18MPa(冷初压6MPa)、60min和加赤泥催化剂时,以依兰煤和阿拉伯减压渣油为原料进行混合加工,石脑油产率21%,重油产率36%,后者平均分子量为291,400℃热失重率65.2%,Ni和V的脱除率分别达81.0%和97.2%。     

三相淤浆鼓泡反应器中2-乙基蒽醌加氢的动力学

在温度60～70℃,氢气压力0.4MPa(绝压)、气体表观速度2.208～4.085 cm/s条件下,研究了文题的加氢反应和表观反应动力学。结果表明:对蒽醌浓度的反应级数为0.7级,表观反应活化能为38 494 J/mol。分析了气体表观速度对反应过程的影响,和在不同表观气速下气液传质系数和反应动力学参数间的关系。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…