Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder: report of 33 cases

Background The laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with orthotopic ileal neobladder is now applied to treat invasive bladder cancer, however, it has not been well codified and illustrated. We describe in this paper a technique step by step that we have developed in 33 patients and achieved excellent results.Methods The surgical procedure can be divided into eight steps: laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and mobilization of the distal ureters; exposing Denonvillier’s space and the posterior aspect of prostate; exposing retropubic space and anterior surface of the bladder; dividing the lateral pedicles of the bladder and the prostate; dividing the apex of the prostate; extracorporeal formation of the ileal pouch; extracorporeal implantation of the ureters; and laparoscopic urethra-neobladder anastomosis. This operation was performed in 33 patients, 29 males and 4 females, with muscle invasive bladder cancer between December 2002 and September 2004.Results The operating time was 5.5-8.5 hours with an average of 6.5 hours; the estimated blood loss was 200-1000 ml with an average of 460 ml. The surgical margins of the bladder specimen were negative in all patients. There was no evidence of local recurrence at follow-up of 1-21 months in all the patients. However lymph node metastases were found in one case at 9 months postoperatively. Most of patients achieved urine control 1 to 3 months after surgery. The daytime continence rate was 94% (31 cases) and nighttime continence rate was 88% (29 cases). Urodynamic evaluation was performed between 3 and 6 months postoperatively for all cases. The mean value of neobladder capacity was (296±37) ml. The mean value of maximum flow rate was (18.7±7.1) ml/s. The mean residual urine volume was (32±19) ml. In all cases, excretory urography at 1 to 2 months postoperatively demonstrated slightly dilated upper urinary tracts without ureteral obstruction, which resolved at follow up. Cystography showed neobladders being similar in shapes to normal. Two small ureteral nipples with intermittently efflux of urine were observed at cystoscopy in most patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 of 33 patients (18%), including pouch leakage in 2 cases, pelvic infection in 1, partial small bowel obstruction in 2 and neobladder-vaginal fistula in 1.Conclusions The LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder is a feasible option for bladder cancer when radical cystectomy is indicated. The extracorporeal formation of the ileal pouch and ureteral implantation through a small lower midline incision can simplify the complexity of the procedures, shorten the duration of surgery and reduce the medical expenses.     

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder in the female: report of 14 cases

Background Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignant urological tumor in China. We present our preliminary experience and results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy （LRC） with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients with bladder carcinoma.
Methods From February 2003 to February 2008, 14 female patients with bladder carcinoma underwent LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder. Nine of these patients underwent hysterectomy and ovariectomy, and the other 5 had preservation of the uterus and ovarian appendage. Standard bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was followed by radical cystectomy that was completed laparoscopically with hysterectomy and ovariectomy when needed. The tumor was removed by a 4-5 cm lower midline abdominal incision, followed by the construction of ileal neobladder and the extracorporeal anastomosis of ureter-neobladder. The neobladder was anastomosed to the urethral stump under a laparoscope.
Results The mean operative time and blood loss in the 14 patients were 350.2 minutes and 349.8 ml, respectively. Postoperative complications included uretero-pouch anastomotic stricture in 1 patient and pouch-vaginal fistula in 1 patient. Follow-up time of all patients ranged from 3 to 60 months, and 12 patients were followed up for more than 6 months and achieved micturition in half a year. One patient had occasional day-time urinary incontinence and 2 had night-time incontinence. Two patients who had undergone hystectomy and ovariectomy had voiding difficulties after one year, which was treated by intermittent self-catheterization. The mean volume of the neobladder and the residual urine were 333.6 ml and 31.2 ml, respectively. Surgical margins were tumor free for all patients. One patient had bone metastasis and died 11 months after the operation.
Conclusions LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients is a technically feasible, safe and mini-invasive procedure with a low morbidity and acceptable neobladder function. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm the neobladder func     

Efficacy of radical cystectomy plus adjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin on locally advanced bladder cancer

Background Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the world; fewer than 15％ of transitional-cell carcinoma patients survive 2 years if left untreated.Although radical cystectomy is the standard treatment of choice,much of them relapse and the necessity of adjuvant chemotherapy is still under debate.The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy （IAC） with gemcitabine and cisplatin （GC） on locally advanced bladder cancer.Methods This is a retrospective study on 60 patients with locally advanced bladder carcinoma who underwent radical cystectomy between May 2000 and June 2011.Patients were studied in two groups based on IAC and followed up for up to 5 years.Results Among 60 patients,there were 25 patients who underwent IAC （GC） after radical cystectomy （the IAC group） and 35 patients who underwent radical cystectomy alone （the control group）.Although not significant,the relapse rates were slightly reduced in the IAC group than in the control group.Patients with IAC had a reduction in mortality compared with patients without IAC over 5 years.Specifically,IAC significantly reduced about 82％ of mortality within the first year （hazard ratio=0.18,95％ Cl 0.03-0.97,P=-0.04）.Additionally,IAC was well tolerated and safe.The most common adverse effect was transient myelosuppression （10/25,40％）,which was resolved by various medical treatments.Conclusions Compared with radical cystectomy alone,radical cystectomy in combination with adjuvant IAC moderately but significantly reduces 1-year mortality.Our preliminary data showed only marginal benefit for the early survival.However,a randomized clinical study is needed to determine the long-term survival benefit.     

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (report of 8cases)

Objective To evaluate laparscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Methods 8 patients presented clinical stages pT1b, to pT2 prostate cancer. Laparoscopic radical prostatecomy was carried out transperitoneally with comhaning posterior and anterior approachs to the prostate, transecting the bladder neck, lateral dissection of the prostate and urethrovesical anastomosis. Results The operation time was June 2003 Vol12 No2 5 to 11 h with an average oil.3 h and the blood loss 200 to 1 100 ml, averaged 620 ml. All the patients recovered well and uneventful with no complications such as urethral stricture or incontinence. Conclusion Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a better approach and least invasive. The procedure provides dear anatomic vision that facilitates operative performance and quicker recovery. 4 refs.     

Kidney,ureter,bladder

<正>209418 Surgical excision of isolated local recurrence for renal cell carcinoma/Cai Wei(蔡伟,Dept Urol,Chin PLA Gen Hosp,Beijing 100853)…∥Chin J Urol.-2009,30(6).-394～396Objective To sum up experience with surgical excision of isolated local recurrence for renal cell carcinoma.Methods From March 2004 to November 2007,7 patients(five cases underwent radical nephrectomy and two nephron-sparing surgery)with isolated local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma were treated at our department.All patients underwent extensive surgery for local recurrence.Results The mean patient age was 42 years(range 19 to 6).The mean time to local recurrence was 23.3 months(range 12 to 54).The mean size of the recurrent tumor was 5.2 cm(range 2.5 to 10.5).Peritoneal exploration was performed in 7 patients and 5 had complete en bloc excision of the renal cell carcinoma mass.2 patients gross disease was excised.The mean blood loss was 1 050(150-3 000)ml.Surgical complications occurred in 2 patients,iliohypogastric nerve injury in one and ileus performation in another one.All patients recovered finally.Six patients were followed and one lost follow-up.Mean follow-up time was 13(8-27)months.One patients died of metastatic disease at 22 months after excision of the renal cell carcinoma mass.Conclusion En bloc excision of isolated locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma is possible,and complete surgical resection could lead to prolonged disease-free survival.9 refs.     

Total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for treatment of uterine malignant tumors: Analysis of short-term therapeutic efficacy

To investigate the efficacy and the clinical value of total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy(TLRH) for the treatment of uterine malignancies,we performed a retrospective review of 87 patients with cervical cancer and 23 patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent TLRH at Union hospital between June 2008 and September 2009.Data collected included operative time,estimated blood loss,lymph node count,time for the recovery of normal temperature and time to resumption of normal bladder function,intraopera...     

VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC CORRECTION AND FUSION OF SCOLIOSIS

Objective To evaluate the operative technique and preliminary results of video-assisted thoracoscopic anterior correction and fusion of scoliosis. Methods Eleven cases underwent thoracoscopic anterior correction and fusion of scoliosis from March 2003 to April 2005 in our hospital were reviewed. They were all females with an average age of 13.1 years old. Of which, 9 cases were idiopathic scoliosis, 1 case was congenital scoliosis, and 1 case was Marfan syndrome scoliosis. The coronal Cobb angle and apical vertebral translation before and after surgery as well as at final follow-up were measured. The operation time, blood loss during operation, and peri-operative complications were recorded. Results The mean operation time was 6.4 hours, mean instrumented vertebrae were 6.4 segments, and mean blood loss during operation was 364 mL. The coronal Cobb angles of the thoracic curve before and after surgery were 45.5° and 15.4° respectively, with an average correction rate of 65.4%. The lumbar curve was corrected from 28.4° to 11.8°, with an average simultaneous correction rate of 57.2%. All of the patients were followed up regularly with an average time of 21.4 months. At the final follow-up, the coronal Cobb angles of the thoracic and lumbar curves were 19.0° and 20.1°, with a 3.6° and 8.3° loss of correction, respectively. The apical vertebral translation was improved from 32.3 mm to 10.5 mm for the thoracic curve, and from 13.1 mm to 8.2 mm for the lumbar curve. There were 6 cases with peri-operative complications, including 1 case of thoracic effusion, 1 case of chylothorax, 1 case of locking plug loosing, 2 cases of aggravation of the unfused lumbar curve (1 case also with thoracolumbar kyphosis), and 1 case with a screw tip causing a contour deformity of the aorta. And 4 of them underwent revision surgery. Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopic anterior correction and fusion of scoliosis has good correction capability, less intraoperative bleeding, and favorable cosmetic effect for mild and moderate thoracic scoliosis, but with higher rates of correction loss of the lumbar curve and peri-operative complications. A surgeon should be cautious to perform this technique.     

Chordomas of the upper cervical spine: clinical characteristics and surgical management of a series of 21 patients

Background Chordomas of the upper cervical spine are rare and present unique surgical challenge.This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and surgical management of patients with chordomas of the upper cervical spine.Methods Twenty-one patients with chordomas of the upper cervical spine who were treated in Peking University Third Hospital from January 1999 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and was compared between groups using the log-rank test.Results The postoperative diagnosis was classical chordoma in 20 cases and chondroid chordoma in one case.The mean operative time was 9.5 hours （range 6-17 hours）,and the mean blood loss was 2 812 ml （range 700-4 800 ml）.There were two postoperative deaths.Unilateral vertebral artery ligation was performed in six patients,cervical nerve roots were cut in six patients,and the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was repaired after being cut in one case.Two patients developed postoperative velopharyngeal incompetence,and loosening of the occipitocervical screws was observed in one patient.The recurrence rate was 66.7% （10/15） after a mean follow-up period of 46.8 months （range 14-150 months）.The 5-and 10-year overall survival rates were （39.8±13.1）% and （31.9±12.7）%,respectively.There was a significant difference in survival rate between patients who underwent surgery and those who did not.Conclusion In spite of the high rates of recurrence and complications after surgical treatment of chordomas of the upper cervical spine,intralesional resection combined with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the optimal treatment to prolong survival.     

Coloanal anastomosis in radical surgery for low rectal carcinoma by intra-anal circular ligation.

Using self-made special supporting tube, coloanal anastomosis was performed by intra-anal ligation for radical surgery in 48 patients with low rectal carcinoma. The anastomoses were completed without suturing, and the results were quite satisfactory. Follow-up after operation revealed that the bowel movement and the sphincteric function were excellent in all patients. The anal canal and the anal sphincter were all kept intact and abdominal colostomy was not required for decompression. Anastomosis without suturing, least trauma, and short operation time made blood transfusion unnecessary during the operation. This technique is actually derived from Park's operation, and is considered a promising procedure for coloanal anastomosis in the radical surgery for low rectal carcinoma.

     

Neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy and embolization in treatment of advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma

Background The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and embolization via the anterior branches of the bilateral internal iliac arteries in treating patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods Forty-two patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma (study group) were treated via the anterior branches of the bilateral internal iliac arteries after cytoreductive surgery and 7 courses of adjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Primary cytoreductive surgery was performed in 43 patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma (control group), and then followed by 8 courses of adjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy. The rate of optimal cytoreductive surgery, survival rate, blood loss during operation and operative time were investigated in the two groups. Statistical significance was asessed using Student’s t test, the Chi-squre test and the log-rank test. Results In the study group, the rate of optimum debulking after platinum-based chemotherapy and embolization via the anterior branches of the bilateral internal iliac arteries was 71.43%(30/42) (χ2=10.06, P&lt;0.005), and 9 (21.43%) of the 42 patients showed no gross residual disease after surgery. Blood loss and operative time were significantly decreased in the study group as compared with those in the control group (665.24±37.61 ml: 849.31±41.20 ml, t1=33.21, P1&lt;0.001; 4.23±0.21 hours: 6.15±0.38 hours, t2=28.92, P2&lt;0.01). In the study group,the mean survival time and the median overall survival were 33.66 months (95% CI, 24.73 to 42.58) and 26.00 months (95% CI, 19.22 to 32.78), respectively. The median disease-free interval was 18.20 months. In the control group, the mean survival time and the median overall survival were 32.38 months (95% CI, 24.92 to 39.84) and 25.00 months (95% CI, 22.80 to 27.20), respectively. The median disease-free interval was 14.20 months.The overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups (χ2=6.48,P&gt;0.05).Conclusions Neoadjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy and embolization via the anterior branches of the bilateral internal iliac arteries is an alternative treatment for patients with advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma, in whom the chance of optimal cytoreductive surgery is low. The treatment can reduce blood loss, decrease operative time, and increase the rate of optimal cytoreductive surgery; but the median survival can’t be improved significantly.     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的早期临床应用（附15例报告）

目的：探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的临床价值。方法：对具有手术指征的15例膀胱癌患者施行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗。常规建立5个工作通道,在腹腔镜下行双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫及膀胱全切除,自下腹切口取出标本。4例行回肠膀胱术,11例行原位回肠新膀胱术。观察手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、术后肠道功能恢复、尿外渗、尿瘘及术后腹腔并发症发生以及手术后效果。结果：15例手术成功。腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除手术时间150～300 min;腹腔镜下新膀胱与后尿道吻合手术时间30～100 min;手术总时间300～660 min,术中出血500～1 200 mL;术中输血0～800 mL。2例术后出现急迫性尿失禁,经锻练后控尿满意;其余患者恢复良好。无腹腔并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术具有创伤小、术中操作精细、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快、并发症少的优点。     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术12例临床分析

目的：介绍腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术的初步体会。方法：2006年1月至2008年12月治疗浸润性膀胱癌12例,男10例,女2例,年龄48～69岁,无远处转移。腹腔镜下行全膀胱切除、前列腺切除或子宫次全切。经腹壁造口取出切除物,行乙状结肠去带原位新膀胱术。结果：12例手术成功,腹腔镜下手术时间120～280min（平均180min）;开放原位新膀胱术190～300min（平均240min）。腹腔镜下操作出血量400～1000ml（平均600m1）;术中、术后输浓缩红细胞400～600ml（平均500m）。12例随访6～36个月,平均15个月。白天可控排尿10例（83．3％）轻度尿失禁2例（16．7％）。新膀胱容量180～320ml（平均270m1）,尿间隔时间45～120min（平均80min）。1例勃起功能障碍（术前4例有勃起功能）。患者血Cr和Bun正常,未出现酸中毒。结论：腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术是可行和值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下膀胱全切及尿流改道的临床应用

目的观察腹腔镜下膀胱全切除术治疗膀胱癌的效果和尿流改道的近期疗效。方法采用回顾性分析我院2007年2月至2009年9月18例行膀胱全切除术及尿流改道术的膀胱癌患者临床资料。结果 18例患者手术成功率为100%,手术时间3～10h,术中出血量250～800ml,术后1～3d肠道功能恢复。结论腹腔镜下膀胱全切除下尿路重建术效果好,是一种安全可行,创伤小的手术方式。     

经尿道等离子电切治疗膀胱肿瘤29例报告

目的探讨经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的临床效果。方法应用等离子体双极电切治疗膀胱肿瘤29例,统计分析手术时间、术中失血量、住院天数、留置尿管时间、术中术后并发症及肿瘤复发情况。结果 29例均一次成功切除,手术时间20～50 min,平均30 min;术中出血量30～100 ml,平均60 ml;2例术中出现轻微闭孔神经反射,未见膀胱穿孔等严重并发症,术后平均住院时间5 d,留置尿管时间平均5 d,拔管后无尿路刺激症状发生。平均随访40个月,8例复发,均在24～30个月,复发率28%。6例再次行经尿道等离子体双极电切术,2例行膀胱全切术。结论经尿道等离子体双极电切治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫术在膀胱癌治疗中的应用

目的:评价腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫术在治疗膀胱癌中的应用价值。方法:对12例局部浸润性膀胱癌患者在电视腹腔镜下进行盆腔淋巴结清扫手术。结果:12例患者在腹腔镜下共清扫178个淋巴结,其中6个淋巴结有肿瘤细胞;盆腔淋巴结清扫时间30~142 min,平均82 min;出血量30~120 ml,平均58 ml。结论:腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗膀胱癌是安全、有效的。     

腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位乙状结肠代膀胱术(附12例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位乙状结肠代膀胱手术的方法与治疗效果。方法:对12例浸润性膀胱癌患者采用腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术,前列腺切除或子宫次全切除。经腹壁造口取出切除物,行乙状结肠去带原位新膀胱术。结果:12例手术成功,手术时间5~10 h,平均6.5 h;出血量200~1 000 ml,平均387 ml,代膀胱充盈良好,容量约300 ml,术后4~6周患者恢复控尿功能,无排尿困难及尿失禁。结论:腹腔镜下行膀胱全切除视野清晰,可减少出血,缩短手术时间。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除及回肠原位新膀胱术（附9例报告）

目的总结腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加回肠原位新膀胱术的经验。方法对9例膀胱癌患者施行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除及回肠原位新膀胱术,采用完全腹腔镜下标准的双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫加根治性膀胱切除,然后体外行回肠新膀胱构建和输尿管新膀胱吻合,最后在腹腔镜下行新膀胱尿道吻合。结果9例手术均成功,无中转开腹,无围手术期死亡,平均手术时间为370min,平均出血量为650ml,所有患者手术切缘均为阴性。术后9例日间尿控均良好,2例存在夜间尿失禁。术后随访2—8个月,1例出现新膀胱腹壁瘘,1例发生新膀胱前假性尿液囊肿,2例出现肾盂肾炎。结论腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加回肠原位新膀胱术具有切口小、损伤少、疼痛轻、出血少、术后恢复快等优势,将成为肌层浸润性膀胱癌的标准手术方式。     

腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术治疗膀胱癌26例临床观察

目的研究腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术治疗膀胱癌的手术效果。方法选取2016年1月~2017年1月我院应用腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术治疗的膀胱癌患者26例为腹腔镜组,另选择同期行开放性根治性膀胱切除术患者20例作为对照组。比较两组的手术时间、平均出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、住院时间及并发症情况。并发症主要包括切口感染、术后出血、肠梗阻、尿失禁、切口脂肪液化。结果腹腔镜组患者的手术时间与对照组比较无显著性差异,而腹腔镜组患者的平均出血量明显少于对照组,术后肠功能恢复时间、住院时间短于对照组,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术后无一例出现切口感染、尿失禁、切口脂肪液化,其并发症的发生率7.7%,显著低于对照组,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术治疗膀胱癌具有较好的临床手术效果及安全性,较传统开放性手术具有出血少、并发症少、术后恢复快等优势,值得广泛推广和应用。