共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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我国器官移植的发展是一种充满人间真情的历史,谱写了许多感人的故事,取得举世瞩目的成就。但“器官供体匾乏,制约着我国器官移植的发展。”许多人大代表、政协委员和医学专家呼唤出台一部器官捐献法,用法律的手段来支持器官移植的发展,规范和拓宽器官供体的来源,促进和推动我国器官移植工作达到发达国家的总体水平。笔者认为这种呼唤具有现实意义,因为器官移植需要全社会的关心,需要博爱精神的支持,更需要法律的保证。1器官捐献为什么要立法随着器官移植的种类和适应范围不断扩大,病人日益增多,器官供体的来源就成为突出的问题… 相似文献
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器官移植是医学领域发展中一项具有划时代意义的现代医学技术,在今天以及未来的医学领域中占有重要的地位。结合我国器官移植的现状对器官移植中医务社会工作者的角色与功能进行探讨。 相似文献
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据《北京晨报》报道,去年我国肝脏移植手术历史性地突破了2000例,使中国一跃成为世界上的肝移植大国,但器官移植市场的无序竞争和器官移植的买卖化倾向,却让中国的器官移植发展“喜忧参半”。在日前举行的第六届国际临床肝移植研讨会上,卫生部副部长黄洁夫表示,我国首部《人体器官移植条例》有望在近期出台,该条例将对器官移植进行规范。 相似文献
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关于我国器官移植与器官损献的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文着重分析我国器官移植技术的发展水平和社会需求与器官移植的供体缺乏之间的矛盾和原因,就如何解决器官移植中的器官捐献问题进行探讨。 相似文献
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随着我国综合国力的不断增强,人们对器官移植治疗有了新的认识,使器官移植作为治疗各脏器终末期疾病的有效方法取得了医患之间的共识。由此创造了我国器官移植工作长足进步的发展基础。尤其近几年来,我国各大医院器官移植中心相继开展了肝、肾、心、肺、肠、胰和心肺、胰肾、肝肾等联合脏器移植的手术,手术技术趋于成熟。临床医生已开始关注器官移植后受体患者的中长远期生活质量问题。2004年3月在上海召开的全国器官移植与围手术期处理研讨会上,国内各大学器官移植研究 相似文献
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乔芳珍 《山西职工医学院学报》2005,15(3):71-73
进入21世纪以来,伴随着器官移植与现代科学技术的发展,肝移植已逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。我国肝脏移植作为器官移植的一部份,虽然起步较晚,但发展较快。然而供体来源不足、排斥问题、技术问题等,一直困扰着我国器官移植专家,而对上述问题,我们应该立足国情,进行理性的思考,使它成为解决终末期肝病的重要手段,并为其发展提供广阔的前景。 相似文献
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浅谈器官移植资源分配的公平、公正、公开原则 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
公平、公正和公开原则是人体器官移植的基本要求。通过对我国器官移植资源分配的现状、要求和美国器官移植资源分配方案进行讨论,提出实现我国器官移植资源分配公平、公正和公开的对策。首先,建立一个以医学器官移植专业协会为主的全国统一的人体器官供求信息库。其次,制定我国人体器官移植患者排序和人体器官分配的原则。最后,在设立伦理委员会的基础上,成立专门管理和监督机构,以期实现我国器官等稀缺卫生资源分配的真正公平。 相似文献
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随着器官移植技术的飞速发展,我国人体器官的需求量日益增加,为了扭转目前国内器官供需比例严重失调的局面,提高大众时器官捐献的知晓率和认同感,国家先后出台了一系列关于公民逝世后器官捐献移植的法律法规,各省市也根据实际情况先后对器官捐献移植运作流程进行了探索性研究。但是,目前在国家层面,器官捐献移植仍无统一的运作流程,缺乏统一的衡量标准,严重制约了我国器官移植事业的发展、本文从器官捐献的基本概念出发,总结分析了我国公民逝世后器官捐献移植的基本组成结构。以运作流程为视角,将我国公民逝世后器官捐献移植过程划分为器官捐献流程、器官获取流程、器官分配移植流程和器官移植后的总结分析流程,并对每个流程的具体运作过程进行了详细阐述。, 相似文献
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随着器官移植技术的发展,器官移植的应用前景越来越广阔,而器官资源短缺已成为当今世界性难题。一些有钱的境外患者为了尽早进行器官移植,通过移植旅游的方式到我国进行移植手术,严重破坏了我国器官移植环境,损害了我国患者的切身利益。本文阐述了我国器官移植旅游的现况,认为器官移植旅游在我国长期存在的主要原因是器官供体对相关法律和知识不了解、中介的引诱、器官供需比例失衡、器官捐献制度不健全。因此,应增强公民的器官损献意识,普及相关法律知识;加强行业监管,加大惩治力度;建立器官捐献激励机制;健全有关法律、法规,提高其可操作性。 相似文献
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目的:分析国内器官获取组织(OPO)建设和发展中存在的问题,有针对性地提出加快国内器官获取组织建设的意见。方法:运用综摄法分析国内OPO建设和发展中存在的主要问题,并提出促进OPO发展对策。结果:当前OPO建设和发展中存在的主要问题:公益性质不强、组织发展不平衡、成员结构不合理、教育培训不系统、监管机制不健全。在此基础上提出对策:突显公益性、加大宣传教育、规范运行流程、加大培训力度、构建服务网络。结论:科学有效地制定OPO组织框架和法律法规,是促进国内器官捐献工作有序开展的重要举措。 相似文献
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A modified CZ-1 preserving solution for organ transplantation: comparative study with UW preserving solution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background The University of Wisconsin colloid based preserving solution (UW solution) is the most efficient preserving solution for multiorgan transplantation. Unfortunately, unavailability of delayed organ preserving solutions hindered further progression of cardinal organ transplantation in China. In this study, we validated an organ preserving Changzheng Organ Preserving Solution (CZ-1 solution) and compared it with UW solution.
Methods A series of studies were conducted on how and how long CZ-1 solution could preserve the kidneys, livers, hearts, lungs and pancreas of New Zealand rabbits and SD rats. Morphology of transplanted organs was studied by visible microscopy and electron microscopy; biochemical and physiological functions and the survival rate of the organs during prolonged cold storage were studied.
Results There was no significant difference between CZ-1 and UW solutions in preserving the kidneys, livers, hearts or lungs of rabbits; kidneys, livers, intestinal mucosa or pancreases of SD rats or five deceased donors' testicles. In some aspects, such as preserving rabbits' hearts, rats' intestinal mucosa and pancreases, the effect of CZ-1 solution was superior to UW solution. CZ-1 could safely preserve kidneys for 72 hours, livers for 24 hours, hearts for 18 hours and lungs for 8 hours for SD rats. Twelve kidneys preserved in cold CZ-1 solution for 22-31 hours were transplanted successfully and the mean renal function recovery time was (3.83±1.68) days.
Conclusions CZ-1 solution is as effective as UW solution for organ preservation. The development of CZ-1 solution not only reduces costs and improves preservation of organs, but also promotes future development of organ transplantation in China. 相似文献
Methods A series of studies were conducted on how and how long CZ-1 solution could preserve the kidneys, livers, hearts, lungs and pancreas of New Zealand rabbits and SD rats. Morphology of transplanted organs was studied by visible microscopy and electron microscopy; biochemical and physiological functions and the survival rate of the organs during prolonged cold storage were studied.
Results There was no significant difference between CZ-1 and UW solutions in preserving the kidneys, livers, hearts or lungs of rabbits; kidneys, livers, intestinal mucosa or pancreases of SD rats or five deceased donors' testicles. In some aspects, such as preserving rabbits' hearts, rats' intestinal mucosa and pancreases, the effect of CZ-1 solution was superior to UW solution. CZ-1 could safely preserve kidneys for 72 hours, livers for 24 hours, hearts for 18 hours and lungs for 8 hours for SD rats. Twelve kidneys preserved in cold CZ-1 solution for 22-31 hours were transplanted successfully and the mean renal function recovery time was (3.83±1.68) days.
Conclusions CZ-1 solution is as effective as UW solution for organ preservation. The development of CZ-1 solution not only reduces costs and improves preservation of organs, but also promotes future development of organ transplantation in China. 相似文献
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黑子清 《中山大学学报(医学科学版)》2019,40(4):487
我国麻醉学已从传统的麻醉学科向围术期医学科迈进,围术期医学以更加全面的理念,从“以人为本”的角度,以患者的舒适、无痛、快速康复及良好的预后为目标,个体化的针对每个患者提出围术期治疗的方案。而器官保护是围术期医学的核心之一,维持良好的器官功能状态及防治损伤引起的器官功能不全能为患者的快速康复及早期预后提供良好的支撑。随着外科发展,器官移植手术是我国未来医疗重点领域之一,肝移植作为主要的移植术种,可引起患者围术期各种器官功能的损伤,阐明其损伤机制及制定相关保护策略是围术期医学的重点难题及亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
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Background Organ transplantation represents an important advance in modern medical science, and it has benefited many patients with organ failure; however, the severe deficiency of organ sources has been a bottleneck that has limited the benefits this technology can bring. The aim of this study was to show the results of a survey on Chinese people’s awareness and attitudes toward organ donation.
Methods We designed a questionnaire regarding organ donation consisting of 20 short questions, which were distributed to 10 groups. Most of the questions were multiple-choice; the core question related to people’s attitudes to organ donation and the development of organ donation. The survey was held in the outpatient hall of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, a commercial district, and four professional colleges. Participants were randomly selected, and answered questions about gender, age, educational background, profession, and study major.
Results In all, 2930 valid responses were received. Male:female ratio was nearly 1:1.2 (mean age 38 years). Over 90.0% of participants knew about organ transplantation and which organs could be transplanted; more than 95.0% knew about organ donation, but the time they had been aware of it varied. Nearly 90.0% of the participants approved of deceased organ donation; 73.0% indicated they would like to donate their organs post mortem. Participants who knew more about organ failure and organ transplantation were more likely to support organ donation. College students were very positive about organ donation, though as they gain professional knowledge their attitudes may change. Altogether, 65.3% of participants approved of living organ donation, which was obviously lower than the figure for deceased organ donation (P <0.05). In all, 85.7% of participants approved of compensation to the deceased donor’s family. To promote organ donation in China, 62.9% of participants indicated that the public’s knowledge about organ donation should be increased via the media and various kinds of education. Only 20.0% of the participants believed that legislation was required.
Conclusions We conclude that at present the Chinese public has a basic understanding about organ transplantation and donation. The majority respondents were in favor of deceased organ donation and were willing to donate their own organs after death.
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尸体解剖是医学科学研究发展的基础,器官移植是拯救生命、恢复健康的重要方法。在我国,因相关体制不健全和民众捐献意识淡薄,遗体和器官来源匮乏,长期制约着相关学科的发展。如何加强遗体、器官捐献工作成为亟待解决的重要问题。遗体、器官捐献理论系统科学地阐述民众在该项工作中的思想理论、意识形态所存在的问题,通过对古今、中外相关理论的总结研究,建立一套适合国情、深入浅出的理论体系,利用科学理论逐步改变传统观念对人们思想的束缚。该理论主要包括开展死亡教育,建立科学生死观、生命价值观。 相似文献