气升式环流反应器内气液两相流动计算流体力学的模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉两流体模型模拟了气升式环流反应器内部气液两相流动过程,考察了液相速度和气含率随表观气速的变化,液相速度和气含率模拟值的关系与两种经验关系式的计算值进行了比较,两者取得了很好的一致,证明了模型的正确性。在此基础上,使用计算流体力学模拟的方法考查了反应器内的导流筒直径和导流筒高度对反应器内两相流动的影响,导流筒直径增大,液相循环量增大,上升段气含率增大;导流筒位置升高,液相循环速度和循环量均增大,上升段气含率减小。所获得的结果对气升式反应器的设计优化具有指导意义。     

*研究快报* 通过Bergman环化聚合反应合成侧链含有苯丙氨酸的手性聚合物

以直径为140 mm水力旋流器作为研究对象,采用计算流体力学（CFD）技术对旋流器内部流场进行数值模拟,并对所建立的模型进行激光粒子图像测速（PIV）实验验证。基于数值模拟和实验结果,分析了旋流器内部压力、切向速度、轴向速度和径向速度的分布。利用PIV技术对旋流器内部流场进行测量,考察了不同入口速度下旋流器圆柱段区域瞬态速度场。通过对比数值计算与测试结果表明：CFD模拟可以有效预测水力旋流器内部流场分布,帮助探索旋流器内的流动状态和分离机理;利用PIV技术测量旋流器内部流动特性和速度分布,其测量结果与CFD计算结果吻合良好,验证了数值模型的准确性。     

导向叶片结构对气液旋流器性能的影响研究

借助CFD软件,采用雷诺应力模型和DPM模型对某新型轴流导叶式旋流器内气液两相流场进行了数值模拟,通过对具有不同结构参数导向叶片的旋流器流场进行建模分析,得到了导叶结构参数对旋流器流场速度分布、分离效率及能量损耗的影响规律。结果表明:轴流导叶时旋流器流场分布对称,减小导叶出口角及增大导叶扭转角都能增大分离区切向速度,提高分离效率,且增大扭转角效果更加明显,但同时两者都使压降线性增大。     

三相下喷式环流反应器的气含率和传质性能

在三相非牛顿型流体体系中，对下喷式环流反应器的气含率和传质特性进行了实验研究。讨论了气速、液速、导流筒直径与反应器直径比、固体装填量、羧甲基纤维素钠溶液浓度及其流变特性对它们的影响。实验结果表明，气含率和传质系数随气速的增加而增加，而液速对其影响较小。在实验条件下，发现最优的导流筒直径与反应器直径比在０．４￣０．５这一范围，最优的固体装填量约为ψ＝０．０３，同时提出了气含率和容积传质系数的经验关联     

环隙气升式反应器的开发 Ⅰ.流体力学研究和体积传质系数的关联

在400mm直径的环隙气升式反应器内,用空气-水系统测定了平均气含率和体积传质系数,考察了分布器和导流筒结构的影响,并求得了体积传质系数的经验关联式。实验表明,在相同气速下,环隙气升式反应器的平均气含率和体积传质系数均稍小于鼓泡反应器的值。但由于环隙气升式反应器具有较高的液体循环速度,混和效果好,更具开发价值。     

用虚拟多管模型研究填料塔气液逆流停留时间分布

对填料塔中的气液逆流过程,用虚拟气液固圆柱体建立了多管流动模型,得到了充分发展段和进口过渡段的速度分布和一定管长下的液相停留时间分布,进而求得液相平均停留时间和持液量的表达式及模型参数,并用实验进行了验证。该模型反映了气液逆流过程本质,简化了过程,适用于液相层流的情况。     

鼓泡塔中液相混合时间的影响因素

分别以自来水、醋酸去离子水溶液（醋酸质量分数分别为1%、5%和10%） 为液相,空气为气相,在直径分别为200 mm 和400 mm的鼓泡塔内,采用4种气体分布器 （单管、四管、分布板和微孔板）,考察当 表观气速Ug为0.006～0.250 m/s,鼓泡塔高径比 H/D为0.8～7.0时,鼓泡塔有无内构件条件下 的液相混合时间。结果表明：对于空气-水体系, 当表观气速较低时,增加表观气速,液相混合时间明显缩短,表观气速对混合时间的影响逐渐消失,混合时间随鼓泡塔高径比的增加而迅速增加;当以醋酸水溶液为液相时,在特定表观气速（0.10 m/s）下,体系呈现出发泡性质, tm-Ug曲线出现“跳跃点”,该点处液相混合时间为相同条件下自来水体系的2～3倍;高于或低于此特定表观气速,两种体系混合时间的差别较小。即在不发泡条件下,液体离子强度、表面张力对气液相混合不足以产生显著影响。增加导流筒可以使液相混合时间延长。引入横向换热管后,混合间延长,且表观气速的影响范围变大,表观气速对混合时间的影响不是单调关系,存在极值点。     

浅层气液两相鼓泡塔非线性混沌特征

研究了内径383mm、高径比（H／D）为1～3、多管布气的浅层气液两相鼓泡塔内的压力波动信息的非线性混沌特性。通过差值准相空间构造吸引子法确定重构相空间的时间延迟。探讨了不同高径比、不同轴向位置下表观气速对非线性混沌特性的影响。鼓泡塔不同区域的奇怪吸引子结果表明：对于HD≤3的气相多管分布的浅层鼓泡塔，沿轴向可区分为下部气泡分裂区、中部分裂与凝并过渡区和上部分裂凝并平衡区。鼓泡塔中存在小尺度的气泡运动、中尺度的气泡涡旋运动和大尺度的涡旋流动。其混沌特征参数具有多值性。高频小尺度的气泡破碎凝并的复杂非线性动力学运动特征。需要3～4个参数加以描述；鼓泡塔上部气泡运动的规则性加强。动力学描述所需参数减少至2～3个；Kolmogorov关联熵在uk=0．15～0．25m/s内存在极小值。表观气速可以得到优化。     

渣油加氢微膨胀床反应器中的气液流动状态及床层膨胀率

在常温常压下用模拟渣油和模拟氢气近似模拟了微膨胀床渣油加氢处理反应器内的气液流动状态,考察了催化剂粒径和堆密度、虚拟气液流速以及催化剂装填高度对催化剂床层膨胀率的影响。实验结果表明:大粒径、低堆密度的催化剂床层膨胀率较高;虚拟气速与床层膨胀率关系曲线上存在拐点,拐点值随催化剂装填高度增加而增大;虚拟液体流速对催化剂床层膨胀率影响较小;在工业操作条件下,微膨胀床渣油加氢处理反应器的催化剂床层膨胀率小于10%;催化剂装填高度对床层膨胀率有明显的影响,催化剂装填量较大时,需要采用较高的气油比才能保证催化剂床层处于微膨胀状态。     

卧式聚合釜中新型宽叶板式搅拌桨的气液传质特性

卧式聚合反应器被广泛用于气态单体的乳液聚合反应.为强化气液传质,卧式聚合反应器多采用新型宽叶板式搅拌桨.本文采用进出口流量变化检测法在卧式反应器内测定了气液容量传质系数Kla,考察了NFr数、液含量ε、搅拌桨层数和桨叶片数对Kla的影响.结果表明:新型宽叶板式搅拌桨比普通桨型具有更大的气液容量传质系数.Kla随NFr的增加而增大;随ε的增加先增大后减小,在ε=0.5时达到最大值,随搅拌桨层数和桨叶片数的增加而增大.在不同的NFr下,卧式反应器内流体呈现重力作用区、过渡区和惯性力作用区.在重力作用区,Kla与NFr符合Kla∝NFr0.9～1.1.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…