经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度高危主动脉瓣狭窄患者的术后护理

目的 探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度高危主动脉瓣狭窄患者的术后护理。方法 选择2017 年4 月至2018 年4 月在我院进行TAVI 治疗的重度高危主动脉瓣狭窄患者8 例为研究对象,在TAVI 术完成后,对患者进行术后护理,并对护理效果进行评估,统计手术不良事件发生率、比较患者术前及术后不同时间的超声参数。结果 患者围术期出现不同程度的不良情况,未出现脑卒中、死亡、外周血管大出血等其他并发症;手术后Vmax、maxPG、meanPG 较手术前有明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,LVEF 较手术前有显著提高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;LVDD 较手术前无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;患者术后采用护理干预具有较高的依从性,8 例患者中7 例患者依从性较好,依从率为87.50%。结论 加强经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度高危主动脉瓣狭窄患者的护理,有助于提高患者的依从性,减少了各种并发生的发生比率,提高了预后效果,值得推广应用。     

One-year results of transcatheter aortic valve implantation as an alternative treatment for severe aortic stenosis in high-risk patients

BackgroundAortic valve replacement (AVR) remains the gold standard treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS). For the past 10 years, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been applied in patients with high surgical mortality and morbidity risks. The preliminary results of our TAVI patients are presented in this study.MethodsTen high-risk patients with severe AS, for AVR, were referred and accepted for TAVI in the 6 month period from May 2010 to October 2010. The patient age, logistic EuroSCORE, femoral arterial diameter, aorta annulus size, aorta valve area (AVA), mean aortic pressure gradient (MPG), as well as coronary angiography results were all collected. Six patients were treated via the transapical approach in March 2010, whereas the other four were treated with the transfemoral approach, according to their femoral artery diameter and arterial quality. This study focuses on the immediate, 1 month, 3 month, and 1 year results of TAVI.ResultsThe average age of the 10 patients receiving TAVI was 81.5 years. The mean calculated EuroSCORE was 28.3 ± 7.9%. The mean AVA was 0.61 ± 0.19 cm². The MPG was 48 ± 16 mmHg. The surgical technical success achieved 100%. There was no reported moderate to severe postoperative paravalvular aortic regurgitation, permanent complete atrioventricular block, major access site complication, or embolic stroke. Chronic renal failure, which necessitated permanent hemodialysis, developed in 10% of the patients. One acute myocardial infarction and one case of pneumonia developed postoperatively. The AVA was increased by 251%, whereas the MPG was decreased by 80% at the 3 month follow-up. The 30-day mortality rate was 10%. The all-cause 1-year mortality rate was 20%.ConclusionThis new technique and device requires greater caution and needs more practice to accumulate sufficient experience. The studied patients were very fragile, due to old age and multiple comorbidities. Our results are similar to findings of multicenter trials. With careful patient screening and selection, TAVI can be a promising treatment for high-risk severe AS patients.     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis: a meta analysis

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as the treatment choice for non-operable patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) and may be a good alternative to sur...     

The spectrum of functional gastrointestinal disorders in a tertiary referral clinic in Ireland

Background

The functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a heterogenous group of chronic conditions which cause troubling gastrointestinal symptoms. Though common and sometimes disabling, causing considerable social and economic burden, there is little recent literature on presentation or impact of FGIDs in Ireland.

Aim

To describe the characteristics of patients with FGIDs at a tertiary referral clinic in Ireland.

Methods

A retrospective review of those attending a university hospital gastroenterology clinic with a special interest in FGIDs between January 1999 and July 2008 was performed. Data were mined from electronic outpatient records and clinic letters.

Results

A total of 1,909 patients were included. Of these patients, 41.2% (787 of 1,909) received a diagnosis of FGID. FGID patients were predominantly (70.14%) female and the average age at first presentation was 38.3?years. Of these, 76% (598 of 787) were referred from general practice; 35.8% (282 of 787) received onward referrals to other specialties. Nine hundred FGIDs were diagnosed. The most common FGID was irritable bowel syndrome (633 of 900, 70.3%). In the FGID group, 13.1% of patients (103 of 787) had more than one FGID diagnosis. Females received a definitive diagnosis of FGID faster than males; mean diagnostic latency: 5.3 versus 6.4?months (p?p?Conclusions In Ireland, FGIDs are common, represent a significant burden for the health-care system and deserve greater recognition and further research attention.     

主动脉瓣置换治疗主动脉瓣膜疾病的临床效果

目的研究主动脉瓣膜置换治疗主动脉瓣膜疾病的临床效果。方法选择2014年1月—2019年1月在皖南医学院弋矶山医院治疗的主动脉狭窄27例与主动脉关闭不全43例患者为研究对象,对主动脉狭窄与关闭不全的患者在全麻体外循环下行主动脉瓣置换手术,采用超声探明患者术前、术后主动脉瓣的情况。结果主动脉狭窄与主动脉关闭不全的患者均无死亡。在随访的6个月中,主动脉狭窄与关闭不全的患者均恢复良好,心功能均有明显改善(P <0.05)。结论主动脉瓣置换治疗主动脉瓣狭窄与主动脉瓣关闭不全有明显的效果,对缓解左心室扩大及恢复心功能有明显的临床疗效。     

Experience with schistosomiasis in Northern Ireland.

Five cases of schistosomiasis have been recorded in the Belfast City Hospital Histopathology Laboratory over the last three years. The sites of infection have included the colon, bladder, uterus and seminal vesicles. All the infected individuals had visited Africa. Three of them were health care workers. The clinician must maintain a high index of suspicion when treating those with a history of travel and risk of exposure to this infection. Diagnosis is made even more critical as the condition is treatable, and serological markers can identify those with occult infection.     

经导管主动脉瓣膜植入与常规主动脉瓣膜置换手术在多风险因素主动脉瓣狭窄患者中的应用

［摘要］ 目的评价经导管主动脉瓣膜植入（transcatheter aortic valve implantation,TAVI）与常规主动脉瓣膜置换在高风险因素患者中应用的安全性及效果。 方法选择主动脉瓣狭窄患者80例,按手术方式分为常规组47例、小切口组18例和TAVI组15例。常规组采用常规开胸主动脉瓣膜置换手术,小切口组采用胸骨上段小切口主动脉瓣膜置换手术,TAVI组采用全身麻醉非体外循环下TAVI。比较3组患者手术效果及并发症发生情况。 结果小切口组24 h引流量明显少于常规组（P＜0.01）。常规组和小切口组阻断时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。小切口组手术时间、呼吸机辅助通气时间、重症监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）停留时间短于常规组,术中出血量少于常规组（P＜0.01）;TAVI组手术时间、呼吸机辅助通气时间、ICU停留时间短于常规组和小切口组,术中出血量少于常规组和小切口组,平均动脉压（mean artery pressure,MAP)变化值大于常规组和小切口组,住院费用多于常规组和小切口组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。3组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论TAVI手术在治疗高风险因素的患者中较常规主动脉瓣膜置换手术安全性高,创伤小,并发症少,恢复快,值得临床推广应用。     

Complications and characteristics of patients referred to a joint diabetes renal clinic in Ireland

Background and methods

Joint diabetes renal (JDR) clinics are recommended as the appropriate model of care to manage advanced diabetic-associated renal failure. We performed a retrospective review of clinical data and records of the first 60 patients who attended our service and their follow-up at 12?months.

Results

Of the patients, 88?% had type 2 diabetes. At the first visit, 43?% had retinopathy, 56?% had neuropathy, 48?% had overt cardiovascular disease, 13?% had a previous history of stroke and 36?% peripheral arterial disease. Ten percent had lower limb amputation and 33?% had never previously seen a diabetologist. Fifteen percent were still on metformin despite significant renal impairment, while 43?% were on three or more different antihypertensives. Sixty-eight percent were either on an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker. At 12?months, a trend towards a reduction in HbA1c (7.6?±?2.0 vs. 7.0?±?1.6?%, p?=?0.14) and systolic (159.4?±?30.8 vs. 141.8?±?35.5?mmHg, p?=?0.13) and diastolic blood pressure (73.2?±?9.3 vs. 69.2?±?9.4?mmHg, p?=?0.075) was observed. No significant differences were found in the lipid profile or creatinine clearance within the group.

Conclusion

Thirty-three percent of patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy had never previously seen a diabetes consultant and a significant proportion had other diabetes-related complications. Patients with diabetic nephropathy may therefore benefit from having a multidisciplinary input at a joint diabetes renal clinic.     

升主动脉扩张及主动脉瓣功能障碍对二叶式主动脉瓣患者主动脉弹性影响的磁共振成像研究

 目的 通过磁共振成像研究升主动脉扩张和主动脉瓣功能障碍对二叶式主动脉瓣（bicuspid aortic valve,BAV）患者中段升主动脉（middle ascending aorta,mid-AA）和近端降主动脉（proximal descending aorta,PDA）弹性的影响。方法 前瞻性选取复旦大学附属中山医院2019年10月至2021年3月间130名BAV患者和30名健康志愿者做3.0 T磁共振检查,测量其主动脉扩张度。根据升主动脉直径和主动脉瓣功能将BAV患者分为4组：BAV伴正常或轻度瓣膜功能障碍且升主动脉不扩张组（BAV-CTL组,n=30）;BAV伴正常或轻度瓣膜功能障碍且升主动脉扩张组（Dilated BAV-NF组,n=40）;BAV伴中重度主动脉瓣狭窄（aortic stenosis,AS）且升主动脉扩张组（Dilated BAV-AS组,n=30）;BAV伴中重度主动脉瓣关闭不全（aortic insufficiency,AI）且升主动脉扩张组（Dilated BAV-AI组,n=30）。在右肺动脉平面测量mid-AA和PDA的面积,计算其扩张度。采用Student’s t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验比较连续性变量,卡方检验或Fisher精确检验比较分类变量。结果 在无严重瓣膜功能障碍者中,BAV伴升主动脉扩张组较不扩张组mid-AA扩张度降低［2.77（IQR：1.45~6.26）vs.1.52 （IQR：1.08~2.19）,P=0.004］。在升主动脉扩张者中,BAV伴中重度AI组主动脉扩张度较伴正常或轻度瓣膜功能障碍组高［mid-AA：1.52（IQR：1.08-2.19） vs. 2.29 （IQR：1.60~4.08）,P=0.006;PDA：3.70（IQR：2.89~4.70） vs. 4.79 （IQR：2.93~6.80）,P=0.024］;BAV伴中重度AI组主动脉扩张度较伴中重度AS组高［mid-AA：1.60 （IQR：0.99~2.26） vs. 2.29 （IQR：1.60~4.08）,P=0.022;PDA：3.73 （IQR：2.38~4.40） vs. 4.79 （IQR：2.93~6.80）,P=0.014］。结论 升主动脉扩张和AI是影响BAV患者主动脉弹性的主要因素,主动脉扩张对弹性的影响局限于升主动脉,而AI对主动脉弹性的影响范围更广。