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1.
目的 了解百日咳流行病学特点,为防制对策提供依据。方法 利用描述性流行病学方法对1991~2000年百日咳发病、免疫和监测等资料进行分析。结果 最近10年百日咳年平均发病率0.30/10万,比实施计划免疫初期的1978 ~1987下降96%,发病有季节性高峰和流行周期,5岁以下病例约占3/4。百白破接种率90%以上,人群百日咳抗体阳性率95%,抗体保护率21%。结论 通过接种百白破可以降低发病率和死亡率。应进一步提高百白破常规免疫接种率和接种及时率,坚持监测,及时发现传染源防止疫情蔓延。  相似文献   

2.
①目的探讨控制麻疹发病策略及措施,评价麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果。②方法对我市2007年9月8月龄-14周岁目标儿童实施麻疹强化免疫情况分析,评价强化免疫效果。③结果全市所辖县区调查摸底目标儿童348 520例,其中常住儿童345 818例,流动儿童2 702例,接种率为99.35%。其中常住为99.35%,流动为99.11%。督导评估随机抽取目标儿童420例,摸底登记416例,摸底覆盖率为99.05%。接种效果督导评估,每县区抽取90例目标儿童共630例,接种626例,接种率为99.40%。麻疹发病率由接种前6.44/10万到强化接种后0.48/10万,麻疹抗体水平监测强化后阳性率为96.65%。④结论控制和消除麻疹发病,除加强传染源(患者)管理外最有效的措施是强化易感人群麻疹疫苗接种工作,提高人群免疫水平,构筑目标人群免疫屏障,保护儿童健康,加强麻疹疫情及健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测,制定防控策略。  相似文献   

3.
目的通过分析了解宁夏近年来百日咳的流行特征。方法对国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的百日咳病例数据进行流行病学描述性分析。结果 2004-2010年,宁夏百日咳报告发病率波动在0.10/10万-0.68/10万之间,维持在1/10万的控制目标以下;该病多发于春夏季节,7年发病均为15岁以下儿童,0岁组儿童累计占57.69%,7年平均发病率为9.42/10万;山区县7年平均报告发病率为0.30/10万,高于川区县;7年中无百日咳暴发疫情,百白破疫苗接种率保持在较高水平。结论宁夏百日咳处于低流行水平,0-岁组儿童是高发人群,发病以山区为主,提高百白破疫苗接种是预防百日咳的主要措施。  相似文献   

4.
目的评价中山市控制麻疹各项措施实施效果,为消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,综合分析中山市2004~2011年麻疹疫苗常规免疫调查接种率、麻疹疫苗强化免疫接种率、麻疹疫苗免疫成功率、人群麻疹抗体水平,法定传染病的报告系统和麻疹监测系统的疫情等资料等。结果中山市麻疹疫苗常规免疫调查接种率从90.94%上升到95.67%,人群麻疹抗体滴度水平(GMT)从1:533.62上升到1:1254.45,麻疹发病率从最高的85.81/10万下降至0.96/10万。结论中山市2004~2011年采取的控制麻疹综合措施,实施效果显著,能有效控制麻疹的发病。  相似文献   

5.
为了评价计划免疫效果,对1950-1995年呼盟地区百日咳,白喉、麻疹和脊髓灰质炎的发病率、死亡率与同期居民抗体水平进行了调查比较,结果发现,在疫苗使用前期,百日咳、白喉、麻疹和脊髓灰质炎的发病率及死亡率均在最高水平,自计划免疫工作开展后,接种率逐年上升,特别是冷链运转后,疫苗的贮存、运输温度诺有效范围内无效接种逐年上升的抗体水平逐年提高,百日咳等四病的发病率及死亡率降至最低水平,充分说明疫苗接种  相似文献   

6.
焦作市1950~2002年麻疹流行病学分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
①目的:了解焦作市麻疹流行病学特点和疫情动态,为削定麻疹控制策略提供科学依据。②方法:对1950~2002年麻疹疫情资料进行流行病学分析。③结果:麻疹疫苗使用后,发病率和病死率大幅度下降,分别比使用疫苗前降低99.22%和99.84%。自1986年以来,麻疹疫苗接种率一直保持在高水平,麻疹发病率控制在10/10万以下。发病年龄后移,5岁以下人群发病逐年减少,5~9岁发病增加,1周岁内儿童发病构成比占6.84%。实施计划免疫后以3~5月为高峰。④结论:焦作市麻疹控制取得了显成绩。目前麻疹发病率控制在较低水平,但2001、2002年麻疹发病率有所上升。因此,在做好基础免疫的同时,应重视加强麻疹的免疫工作.提高免疫质量和保持高接种率水平;在麻疹发病率较低情况下,如何避免小月龄儿童发病,有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

7.
盐池县百白破混合制剂免疫成功率调查张国胜饶锐杨基雨刘志坚百日咳、白喉、破伤风是严重危害儿童健康的三种急性传染病。为了解盐池县儿童百白破疫苗的免疫成功率及保护水平,我们于1996年8月至12月对12月龄儿童进行百白破抗体血清学调查。1材料与方法1.1调...  相似文献   

8.
百白破疫苗基础免疫效果及免疫持久性观察何广义,冯瑞珍百白破疫苗是卫生部规定有计划有目标接种的四种疫苗之一。为了达到国家规定的防疫目标,除及时考查接种率指标外,测定人群抗体水平是考查接种质量的必要监测手段。为此,我们于1990年4~9月,对我市有代表性...  相似文献   

9.
目的评价2009年南昌市麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine,MV)强化免疫活动(Supplemen-tary Immunization Activities,SIA)效果,为消除麻疹提供依据。方法对南昌市2009年10月麻疹疫苗强化免疫期间的摸底调查、现场接种、评估报告等资料和强化免疫前后的中国疾病预防控制信息系统中麻疹疫情资料进行综合分析。结果该次强化免疫共接种目标儿童988 959剂次,报告接种率为97.91%(988 959/1 010 096),快速评估调查接种率为96.94%(1 745/1 800);MV SIA后人群麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率分别为91.99%、70.83%,抗体GMT从免疫前的1∶555上升到免疫后的1∶1 625.28,免疫前后人群麻疹抗体GMT差异有统计学意义(t=4.795,P=0.000)。本次强化免疫共报告疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)25例,发生率为2.53/10万;强化免疫后的2009年11月~2010年10月全市报告麻疹病例10例,发病率为0.20/10万,较2008年11月~2009年10月同期病例明显减少。结论高质量的MV SIA能迅速提高人群的抗体水平,降低麻疹发病率,适时开展MV SIA是加速麻疹控制最安全有效的措施之一。  相似文献   

10.
目的了解乙肝疫苗接种及乙型病毒性肝炎预防控制效果。方法采用纵向流行病学研究方法,对15岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗接种率、免疫成功率、发病率等进行研究。结果1998~2009年乙肝疫苗报告接种率为93.83%,调查接种率为93.67%,首针及时接种率为92.37%;HBsAb阳性率为86.98%,其中6岁以下为89.95%;母婴阻断保护率为98.0%;接种副反应率为3.14/10万;发病率下降98.80%;15岁以下儿童发病率与1998年乙肝疫苗接种前比较下降88.48%,2000年后10岁以下儿童乙肝发病率为0~3/10万。结论兴山县乙型病毒性肝炎预防控制已实现或基本实现《2006~2010年全国乙型病毒性肝炎防治规划》目标。  相似文献   

11.
Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P< 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P< 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P < 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (>0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P <0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P < 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.  相似文献   

13.
Objective: To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods: SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer's was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results: Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion: This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.  相似文献   

14.
Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.  相似文献   

15.
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.  相似文献   

16.
A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care(~'4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.  相似文献   

17.
Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.  相似文献   

18.
Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.  相似文献   

19.
FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…  相似文献   

20.
目的:评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PPCI)术后生活质量的影响.方法:将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组(术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次)和对照组(仅接受基础药物治疗).所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表(MIDAS)、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果:入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异(P>0.05);出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低(P<0.05);组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低(P<0.05).两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血(P>0.05).两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异(P>0.05).结论:PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.  相似文献   

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