训练免疫在相关疾病中的研究进展

训练免疫（trained immunity,TI）是不依赖T、B细胞的,区别于传统固有免疫特征的一种记忆性固有免疫应答,在机体初次感染后对相同或不同病原体再次感染表现高反应性。训练免疫作为一种新兴的观点,具体机制涉及固有免疫、代谢及表观遗传之间的交互作用。基于此,本文总结了脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）、卡介苗（bacille calmette?guerin,BCG）、激素等刺激对单核/巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞等先天免疫细胞以及非经典免疫细胞的表观遗传和代谢修饰的影响,并探讨了调节训练免疫在炎症、神经系统疾病以及新冠肺炎等方面的作用。     

卡介苗治疗支气管哮喘的免疫机制及研究进展

随着儿童计划免疫的普及,结核病的发病率呈下降趋势,而支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)的发病率却呈现上升趋势。卡介苗是由活的牛型结核杆菌在体外减毒培养后制成的活疫苗。卡介苗对哮喘的免疫调节作用早已引起重视,但对卡介苗在防治哮喘中的免疫机制还不是太清楚。现主要针对哮喘发病的免疫学基础及卡介苗在防治哮喘中可能的免疫机制予以综述,并提出卡介苗作为免疫调节剂在哮喘防治中存在的问题。     

用辩证的观点学习医学免疫学

免疫是机体识别和排除抗原性异物的生理功能,在正常情况下,产生排异效应,发挥抗感染和抗肿瘤等作用;在异常情况下,引起免疫病理。因此,免疫对人具有双重性,即既有利也有害,在学习时应以辩证的观点,去理解和掌握免疫学知识。抗感染是机体免疫功能之一。病原体对机体是一种良好抗原,其进入机体后,可刺激机体免疫系统产生免疫应答,针对该病原体产生特异性抗体、细胞因子等产物,进而将病原体从体内清除。另一方面,病原体感染也可抑制或破坏机体免疫功能,如艾滋病的病原体破坏ＣＤ４＋Ｔ细胞,引起免疫缺陷病;抗感免疫本身也能导…     

布鲁菌病与其DNA感应器TOLL样受体9

布鲁菌病是一种全世界范围广泛流行的人畜共患病，导致动物流产、死胎，引起人体多个系统受累，严重危害畜牧业经济和人类健康。固有免疫是机体免疫防御的先行兵，在抵御病原体入侵机体占据不可忽视的地位。TOLL样受体(Toll-like receptors, TLRs)作为参与固有免疫信号传导的重要成员，在抵御布鲁菌感染发挥重要作用，其中TOLL样受体9(Toll-like receptor 9,TLR9)可以识别布鲁菌未甲基化的胞嘧啶-磷酸-鸟嘌呤二核苷酸基序，不仅激活先天免疫引起转录因子和炎症因子等释放，还参与适应性免疫，诱导Th1型免疫应答，有效清除体内的布鲁菌。本文就布鲁菌病及TLR9在布鲁菌病的研究进展进行介绍。     

纳米材料诱导细胞自噬的效应及生物学功能

细胞自噬是细胞自身调节维持稳态的重要过程,也是细胞的一种防御和应激调控机制。细胞自噬对于机体具有重要的生理病理学作用,与肿瘤的发生、神经系统疾病的发生、病原体感染及免疫系统应答以及细胞的分化和衰老等多个生命活动过程相关。病毒作为一种具有生物活性的纳米材料,与细胞自噬间的关系比较复杂。一方面自噬清除病毒粒子,对细胞起到保护作用;另一方面有些病毒又能利用自噬过程实现自身在细胞中的寄生逃逸细胞的防御机制。多种无机或有机纳米材料也被报道能引起不同程度的细胞自噬,比如纳米稀土金属氧化物、量子点、纳米材料富勒烯及衍生物、树状大分子、阳离子脂质体等都能诱导细胞产生自噬。目前能够引起细胞自噬的纳米材料也被尝试用于药物增敏、清除蛋白聚集体、阻断及清除病原体和调节免疫等。纳米材料引发的自噬发生过程和原理以及参与其中的分子、信号转导过程、病理生理学意义也还有待进一步深入研究。     

重组结核病疫苗rBCG-IL-12p70-MPT64免疫原性研究

目的 构建可表达人细胞因子IL-12p70及结核分枝杆菌免疫显性抗原MPT64融合蛋白重组卡介苗,研究其免疫效应,为获取较卡介苗(BCG)更具保护作用的结核病新疫苗奠定基础.方法 采用基因重组技术构建重组卡介苗rBCG-IL-12p70-MPT64(rBCG-IM),将其免疫BALB/c小鼠,分别于免疫后15、30、60及90 d,iELISA检测特异性抗体滴度水平,评价疫苗诱导的体液免疫.XTT检测受特异性抗原刺激后脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,流式细胞术观察CD4+T、CD8+T细胞比例变化,细胞因子检测试剂盒检测IFN-γ的诱生量,评价疫苗诱导的细胞免疫.结果 与BCG相比,重组疫苗rBCG-IM可诱导更强的脾细胞增殖反应、更高的IFN-γ诱生量,以及更高比例的CD4+T、CD8+T细胞.同时,rBCG-IM可诱导产生较BCG更高水平的IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体滴度,IgG2a/IgG1比值变化趋势提示该疫苗可诱导Th1型免疫应答.结论 重组卡介苗rBCG-IM可诱导产生较BCG更强、持续时间更长的细胞免疫及体液免疫反应,具有较强的深入研究价值.     

细胞焦亡与炎症反应的研究进展

细胞焦亡是近期发现的一种新的细胞死亡方式,是一种依赖半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)的病理性自杀死亡过程。细胞焦亡过程中常伴随炎症反应发生,研究表明炎症小体及活性氧簇与其关系密切。细胞焦亡是一个高度炎症细胞死亡模式,它可以加速免疫应答以抵抗病原体的入侵,促进病原体清除的作用。本文主要讨论细胞焦亡的发生过程及引起炎症反应的机制。     

Toll样受体在免疫应答中的作用

Toll样受体是一组具有重要免疫活性的跨膜蛋白。在机体抗感染免疫中,Toll样受体介导病原体的识别,参与细胞内免疫信号转导,诱导树突状细胞、T细胞、B细胞的活化与增殖,在机体固有免疫及适应性免疫应答中发挥着重要作用。     

海口市1128例婴幼儿卡介苗初种效果考核结果分析

接种卡介苗(BCG)进行免疫是机体经注射卡介苗人工感染后4～8周,在巨噬细胞与T细胞的作用下,产生特异性的免疫力。卡介苗对各型结核病都有预防作用。卡介苗接种如获得免疫,PPD试验则出现阳性,故PPD试验常用来测定卡介苗接种效果。     

程序性细胞死亡因子4在肿瘤及炎症中的交叉作用研究进展

<正>肿瘤与炎症关系肿瘤与炎性关系密切,癌症的发生大约20%与慢性炎症有关[1]。感染引起的炎症反应作为宿主正常保护的一部分,主要目的是清除病原体,但是它也同时促进肿瘤的发生。致瘤性的病原体能够损坏宿主免疫使得低度而慢性的炎症持续存在。持续存在的慢性炎症能导致机体处于免疫失调及自身免疫性状态,最终促进肿瘤的发生。然而,肿瘤发生后也可引起炎症的产生。研究表明,有些肿瘤可以通过分泌一些急性分子来促进     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

A preliminary screening study on the associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technologies

Objective：To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods：Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results ：Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion：The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.     

A CASE OF HUGE GASTRIC DISOPYROBEZOAR

PYTOBEZOARS are common bezoars in gastrontestinal tract, commonly seen in stomach and mall intestine,1but huge disopyrobezoars are     

Acupuncture Treatment of Chest Bi Syndrome

CASE HISTORY A male,a retired officer of 61 years old,paid his first visit on May 12,2006.The patient stated that 2 weeks before he suddenly got paroxysmal precordial choking pain,with irregular attacks.Each attack would last several seconds to several minutes.The attack was accompanied with heavy oppressed sensation in the precordial region,palpitation,lassitude,and in severe cases,sweating,which was once diagnosed by a hospital as'coronary heart disease'.Recalling the case history,the patient said that several days before he got angry with others because of some affairs in work,and he was not so used to the life pattern since he had just retired from his busy working post.At usual times,he was quick tempered and peevish.In recent days,he had poor appetite,and loose stool.     

Instructions to Contributors

The English edition of Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine is edited and published by the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press.Original scientific papers of advanced clinical and experimental medicine in the field of complementary/alternative medicine or integrative medicine are expected.     

Development Is A High Level Inheritance for China Time-honored Brand Products

<正>As culture is the soul of a nation,the three books,"History of Chinese Philosophy,""History of Chinese Culture"and"History of Chinese Science and Technology"have demonstrated the superiority of our great Chinese culture,and its significant impact in the field of international culture.Both core value and practical value of the Chinese culture are very clear,reflected in the views of universe,nature,life,health,disease,and therapy and related considerations,concepts,and technical methods.