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1.
目的了解海洋石油总医院2012年临床分离的724株常见革兰阴性杆菌对各类抗菌药物的耐药状况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集2012年该院临床标本中分离的革兰阴性杆菌,采用VITEK 2 compact进行鉴定和药敏试验。结果大肠埃希菌产ESBLs菌株占55.0%,头孢菌素和氟喹诺酮类药物耐药率高,碳青霉烯类是治疗首选;肺炎克雷伯杆菌产ESBLs占35.6%,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢替坦、亚胺培南敏感性较高;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶、哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦具有良好的抗菌活性,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦耐药性低于碳青霉烯类;鲍曼不动杆菌对阿米卡星、左旋氧氟沙星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南、美洛培南的耐药率低于30%;嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌对复方新诺明、美洛培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感性高。结论该院革兰阴性杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药现象严重,必须加强病原菌耐药情况的监测,合理使用抗菌药物。  相似文献   

2.
哌拉西林联合他唑巴坦、舒巴坦(4:1)的体外抗菌活性比较   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
目的:观察哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、哌拉西林/舒巴坦(4∶1)对临床分离的产ESBLs菌株的体外抗菌作用,比较其抗菌活性。方法:采用标准平皿稀释法对临床分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行药物敏感测定。结果:哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、哌拉西林/舒巴坦复方制剂(4∶1)对多数产ESBLs菌具有很好的抗菌作用。结论:哌拉西林/他唑巴坦抗菌效果优于哌拉西林/舒巴坦。  相似文献   

3.
目的:评价β内酰胺类/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复方及碳青霉烯类抗菌药物对产超广谱β内酰胺酶( ESBLs )的肺炎克雷伯杆菌、大肠埃希菌感染的临床疗效,探讨临床产ESBLs菌感染的抗生素应用。方法通过测定静滴美洛西林舒巴坦、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、碳青霉烯类抗生素的患者血清杀菌活性( SBA ),分析药物疗效, SBA≥1∶8表示治疗有效。结果①对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌:美洛西林舒巴坦组、头孢哌酮舒巴坦组的SBA均小于1∶8。哌拉西林他唑巴坦组SBA≥1∶8有5例,碳青霉烯类组SBA≥1∶8有8例。②对产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌:美洛西林舒巴坦组的血清杀菌活性均<1∶8。头孢哌酮舒巴坦组的SBA≥1∶8有5例,哌拉西林他唑巴坦组SBA≥1∶8有4例,碳青霉烯类组的SBA≥1∶8有9例。结论美洛西林舒巴坦对产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌及大肠埃希菌血清杀菌活性均较低,临床应用效果可能较差。对于产ESBLs菌株所致的感染,建议首选碳青霉烯类药物,避免选择β内酰胺类药物,尤其是第三代头孢菌素。若感染程度轻,可根据药敏结果选用β内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,对于严重感染患者,首选碳青霉烯类抗菌药物。  相似文献   

4.
刘广军 《中国医药导报》2007,4(12X):195-196
目的:观察哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、哌拉西林/舒巴坦(4∶1)对临床分离的产ESBLs菌株的体外抗菌作用,比较其抗菌活性。方法:采用标准平皿稀释法对临床分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行药物敏感测定。结果:哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、哌拉西林/舒巴坦复方制剂(4∶1)对多数产ESBLs菌具有很好的抗菌作用。结论:哌拉西林/他唑巴坦抗菌效果优于哌拉西林/舒巴坦。  相似文献   

5.
目的 总结急诊重症监护病房(emergency intensive care unit,EICU)感染因素、感染病原学分布,分析药物敏感性.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2012年6月205例EICU感染病例的感染部位、感染因素、病原菌分布及对抗菌药物的敏感性.结果 EICU患者感染部位以下呼吸道最多,占57.6%.发生感染者多为高龄、住院时间长、伴有基础病及侵入性操作者.EICU感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占72.0%,革兰阳性菌占19.9%,真菌占8.2%.大肠埃希菌对头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、碳青霉烯类、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星的敏感率>75.0%;铜绿假单胞菌仅对头孢他啶、碳青霉烯类、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感,其敏感率>75.0%;鲍曼不动杆菌仅对碳青霉烯类、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感,其敏感率>75.0%;肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、碳青霉烯类、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的敏感率>75.0%:肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对糖肽类抗菌药物的敏感率为100.0%.结论 EICU患者高龄多伴有基础病、接受侵入性操作多、抗菌药物联合应用多,均是造成EICU感染的因素,常见病原菌多为耐药菌,应结合药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物.  相似文献   

6.
秦媛怡  陈雪梅  魏立平 《广东医学》2012,33(18):2812-2815
目的 了解下呼吸道鲍曼不动杆菌(Ab)感染的临床分布特点和耐药性变迁,以及多重耐药菌感染的易感因素,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供科学指导.方法 回顾性分析384例下呼吸道感染患者的资料,并对痰标本分离出的384株Ab进行统计分析,同时在非多重耐药与多重耐药患者之间进行多重耐药易感因素分析.结果 2009、2010、2011年384例下呼吸道感染患者分离出Ab及其147株多重耐药菌株主要分布在呼吸内科,其次为重症监护病房(ICU)、神经内科及颅脑外科.2009、2010、2011年多重耐药Ab的构成比分别为35.58%、36.94%及41.96%.多重耐药菌株对多黏菌素B最敏感,其次为替加环素;对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药率有逐年增加趋势;对含有β内酰胺酶抑制剂的复合抗菌药物包括哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类和磺胺类抗菌药物几乎全都耐药.Ab非多重耐药菌株对多黏菌素B、替加环素和碳青霉烯类抗菌药物最敏感;对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦都较为敏感;对氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药率约为20%.发生多重耐药菌感染与应用抗菌药物种类、合并慢性肺部疾病、心血管疾病、脑血管病、病情转归有关(P<0.05).logistic逐步回归模型分析提示,应用抗菌药物种类、合并脑血管病、病情转归是发生多重耐药菌感染的独立影响因素.结论 Ab对多黏菌素B、替加环素较为敏感,对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药率明显上升.患者应用抗菌药物种类、合并脑血管病、病情转归是发生多重耐药菌感染的独立影响因素.  相似文献   

7.
目的了解湖州市中心医院肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)流行病学情况与耐药性。方法采用常规方法分离,使用VITE-COMPACT2全自动微生物分析仪进行菌种鉴定,用K-B法进行药敏试验。结果共分离到产ESBLs肠杆菌2 560株,分离率为48.4%,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯菌、变形杆菌分离率依次为68.9%、54.6%、18.3%、25.9%,其他肠杆菌未发现产ESBLs菌株。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯菌主要来自痰液(分别为42.2%、60.8%、57.7%),而变形杆菌主要来自尿液(为40.0%)。2008—2010年大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对大多数抗菌药物高度耐药,但对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物、酶抑制复合剂哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦及阿米卡星尚敏感。变形杆菌主要对亚胺培南、美罗培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢西丁、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星高度敏感。结论产ESBLs肠杆菌主要为大肠埃希菌,其次为肺炎克雷伯菌。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对大多数抗菌药物高度耐药,但对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物、酶抑制复合剂哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦及阿米卡星尚敏感。随着碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的广泛使用,开始出现耐药菌株,主要为肺炎克雷伯菌,临床上治疗非常困难,应加强院内感染管理与监测,防止耐药菌株广泛播散。  相似文献   

8.
目的:分析研究2015—2017年青海省三级医院应用抗菌药物的情况。方法:将2015—2017年青海省三级医院开具的抗菌药物作为本文的研究对象。回顾性分析2015—2017年10家三级医院应用抗菌药物的情况,总结各类抗菌药物的药品用量、药物销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)。结果:各年度抗菌药物使用排名相对稳定,头孢菌素类仍为抗菌药物临床首选。碳青霉烯类抗菌药物在2017年的使用率明显增长。销售金额稳居前2位的药物为头孢硫脒、头孢西丁。结论:青海省各三级医院抗菌药物的使用基本合理,但患者的经济负担较重,应进一步加强管理。 [关键词] [中图分类号]  相似文献   

9.
目的:探讨小儿复杂型鼠伤寒沙门菌感染治疗特点、药敏结果及抗菌药物使用方案。方法:回顾性分析2012年12月-2018年12月本院收治的52例小儿复杂型鼠伤寒沙门菌感染患儿的临床资料及药敏结果,分析其治疗特点、药敏结果、抗菌药物使用方案。结果:52例复杂型鼠伤寒沙门菌感染患儿治疗中,抗菌药物选择青霉素类/头孢类43例(82.69%),碳青霉烯类9例(17.31%)。总治愈2周内33例(63.46%),2~4周11例(21.15%),1~3个月4例(7.69%),4~6个月2例(3.85%),除外失访2例均达临床治愈。总大便培养阴转时间,1周17例(32.54%),1~2周19例(36.54%),3~4周8例(15.38%),4周6例(11.54%)。药敏试验提示鼠伤寒沙门菌对碳青霉烯类药物敏感率达100%,对含酶抑制剂三代头孢及青霉素类药物头孢哌酮舒巴坦、哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦敏感率亦较高,不含酶头孢素/青霉素类、复方磺胺甲噁唑、氟喹诺酮类药物敏感率有所下降,氨苄西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸钾敏感率更低。结论:治疗小儿复杂型鼠伤寒沙门菌感染可优先考虑含酶抑制剂的三代头孢/青霉素类,如头孢哌酮舒巴坦、哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦;在缺乏药敏时,不含酶抑制剂的青霉素类/头孢类,复方磺胺甲噁唑,或敏感度相对不够高的阿莫西林克拉维酸钾等选择应慎重,如需选择应参照药敏。喹诺酮类药物虽不推荐,但仍是治疗可能危及生命的多重药耐药沙门菌属感染的无其他替代药物时可选择的药物。  相似文献   

10.
目的:观察头孢哌酮与他唑巴坦联用后对临床分离的291株致病菌的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定头孢哌酮钠/他唑巴坦钠(4∶1)对临床分离致病菌的体外抗菌活性,并与头孢哌酮、头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠(2∶1)和哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠(8∶1)进行比较。结果:头孢哌酮钠与他唑巴坦钠联用可不同程度地提高头孢哌酮钠单用的体外抗菌活性,与头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠(2∶1)的抗菌活性相似,略优于哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠(8∶1)的抗菌活性。结论:头孢哌酮钠/他唑巴坦钠(4∶1)有较强的抗菌活性,他唑巴坦增强了头孢哌酮对β-内酰胺酶的稳定性。  相似文献   

11.
Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P< 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P< 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P < 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (>0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P <0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P < 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.  相似文献   

13.
Objective: To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods: SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer's was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results: Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion: This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.  相似文献   

14.
Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.  相似文献   

15.
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.  相似文献   

16.
A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care(~'4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.  相似文献   

17.
Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.  相似文献   

18.
Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.  相似文献   

19.
Objective To measure Derpl and Blot5 allergen levels in asthmatics' homes in Hongkong.Methods Seventy houses were enrolled for a mite indoor environment study. Dust samples were obtained from two sites of each patients' house: bed and floor. Derpl and Blot5 levels were quantified by a two-site monoclonal antibody-based ELISA technique.Results The levels of Derpl allergens found in bed (geometric mean (GM) 3.43 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 1.89-4.96 μg/g)and on the floor (GM 1.12 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.71-1.53 μg/g) indicated significant differences (P=0.005). However, the levels of Blot5 allergens found in bed (GM 19.00 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.89-38.90 μg/g) and on the floor (GM 6.14 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.40-11.90 μg/g) showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, in regards to the exposure index for Derpl and Blot5 allergens found in bed and on the floor, 17.6% in bed and 8.6% on the floor had levels of Blot5 ≥ 10 μg/g of dust, higher than those obtained for Derp1 (7.2% and 0% in bed and on the floor respectively, P< 0.05); higher percentages in bed and on the floor (25.0% and 35.7%) were observed for levels of Blot5 =0 μg/g of dust as compared with Derpl in bed and on the floor (4.3% and 14.5% respectively, P< 0.05).Conclusions Derpl and Blot5 are the major allergens found in this regional study, Blot5 is a more potent allergen in Hongkong, probably reflecting the high level of exposure to Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Bt and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergens should be included for precise diagnosis and effective immuno-therapeutic treatment of mite allergy in Hongkong.  相似文献   

20.
ANTI-PROLIFERATION EFFECT OF ORIDONIN ON HL-60 CELLS AND ITS MECHANISM   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Objcetive To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of oridonin on leukemic HL-60 cells and its mechanism. Methods HL-60 cells in vitro in culture medium were given different concentrations of oridonin. The inhibitory rate of cells were measured by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, and the activity of telomerase was detected using telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) PCR-ELISA before and after apoptosis occurred. Results Oridonin could decrease telomerase activity, inhibit growth of HL-60 cells, and cause apoptosis significantly. The suppression was both in time- and dose-dependent manner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis including condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were observed clearly by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining especially after cells were treated 48-60 hours by oridonin. Conclusions Oridonin has apparent anti-proliferation and apoptotic effects on HL-60 cells in vitro, decreasing telomerase activity of HL-60 cells may be one of its most important mechanisms. These results will provide strong laboratory evidence of oridonin for clinical treatment of acute leukemia.  相似文献   

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