三维数字人脑模型的构建与验证

目的构建、验证并优化3-D数字人脑模型,为准确展示人脑组织、指导临床实践奠定基础。方法以1例24岁健康成年志愿者头颅MRI T1加权二维断层图像176张图片为原始数据,联合应用Mimics 8.0、Z-brush、Imageware、Photoshop、Maya 8.5等软件对原始图像进行预处理,精准分割目标结构,进行三维重建形成3-D粗模,对粗模进行雕刻,模型验证后进行3-D彩绘和选染等加工。结果根据176张原始图像数据成功完成了人脑组织三维模型的重建,经验证计算所得的模型轮廓线与原始图像边缘吻合较好,经过3-D彩绘和渲染后所得模型具有较好的展示度。所建模型可任意旋转、放缩,从各个角度观察。结论成功构建出准确性高、展示度好的仿真人脑及部分相邻器官的三维模型,为后续指导临床实践奠定了基础。     

大脑扣带回皮层的三维重建及可视化

目的建立健康成人活体MR图像的大脑扣带回皮层三维可视化模型,为脑立体定向微创手术提供扣带回皮层及邻近区域解剖学模型。方法选取1名健康成年女性颅脑薄层冠状位MR图像数据,将其导入3D-Doctor软件,并使用手工分割方法建立大脑扣带回皮层、侧脑室、大脑纵裂和大脑外表面轮廓的三维重建模型。结果成功构建大脑扣带回皮层三维可视化图像,成功显示大脑扣带皮层、侧脑室、大脑纵裂和大脑外表面的立体结构形态及与邻近脑组织结构关系。结论大脑扣带回皮层的三维可视化模型的构建对扣带回解剖结构的识别、脑立体定向手术设计、扣带回皮层区域病变定位诊断和功能研究有重要价值。     

大脑额上沟的三维重建与可视化

目的:建立健康成人活体MR图像的大脑额上沟三维可视化模型,为探究额上沟的解剖结构特点及脑立体定向手术应用。方法:选取1名健康成年女性颅脑薄层MR扫描数据,将数据导入3D-Doctor软件,利用手动分割方法建立三维可视化模型并用不同颜色进行标记。结果:构建了大脑额上沟的三维可视化模式图,模式图成功显示了大脑额上沟、侧脑室及脑表面的立体形态以及与周围脑组织的结构关系。结论:大脑额上沟的三维可视化模型对额上沟解剖结构的识别、脑立体定向手术设计有重要价值。     

基于3D深度卷积神经网络依据MRI生成伪CT的研究

目的:研究一种依据MRI生成伪CT的方法，从而减少放疗过程中额外CT的使用，降低患者辐射剂量，提高放疗精准度。方法:提出一种基于3D深度卷积神经网络（DCNN）的预测算法，利用单张图像的解剖特征以及相邻图像层之间的关联信息，从而提高了图像特征提取的准确性。采用U-net网络结构，通过编码部分的卷积层、池化层和解码部分的上采样、卷积层，对MRI和对应的CT进行端到端转换的学习。采集13例患者图像数据，应用留一交叉验证的方法，分别对3D DCNN和2D DCNN的伪CT结果与原始CT进行对照比较。结果:提出的3D DCNN算法的平均绝对误差（MAE）为86 HU，远小于2D DCNN的136 HU。结论:3D DCNN算法能更准确的生成伪CT，明显改善了骨骼、空气与软组织之间的误转化。     

三维图像构建法在肝胆外科研究生教学中的应用

为了更有效地培养研究生对肝脏解剖结构的理解,提高其专业水平,研究生在上级医生的指导下,运用三维图像构建法对手术病人的肝脏病变进行图像构建,构建过程包括阅读CT、MRI图像,手绘三维图像,3D图像制作,手术中拍照,与术前图像进行对比几部分组成。通过立体图像构建的各个步骤和总结报告,研究生得到了锻炼,进行了有针对性的学习,而上级医生通过有针对性的指导教学,也提高了教学水平。     

MRCP3D重建图像结合原始图像对胆系结石的诊断价值

目的探讨MRCP3D重建图像结合原始图像对胆系结石的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析98例经MRI及MRCP检查并经手术病例结果合临床最后诊断证实的胆系结石。结果MRCP3D重建图像结合原始图像诊断胆系结石准确率为97.96%,MRCP3D重建图像诊断胆系结石的准确率为87.76%,MRI平扫诊断胆系结石准确率为84.69%。MRCP3D重建图像结合原始图像与MRCP3D重建图像、MRI平扫诊断准确率比较,相差具有显著性差异(x12=6.23,P1<0.05;x22=9.27,P2<0.05)。结论MRCP3D重建图像结合原始图像对胆系结石有较高的检出率,可进一步提高胆系结石的诊断准确率。     

成人大脑颞平面的三维重建及三维可视化

目的:建立健康成人活体MR图像的大脑颞平面三维可视化模型,探讨颞平面的解剖结构特点。方法:选取1名健康成年男性颅脑薄层MR扫描数据并导入Able Software 3D-Doctor软件,用手动分割方法建立三维可视化模型并对相关结构赋予不同标记颜色。结果:成功构建大脑颞平面的三维可视化模式图,成功显示大脑颞平面、侧脑室及脑表面的立体形态以及与周围脑组织的结构关系。结论:大脑颞平面三维可视化模型的建立对颞平面解剖结构的识别和脑立体定向手术设计有重要价值。     

基于MRI的人体指骨间关节三维有限元模型的建立及生物力学分析

目的 利用人指骨间关节的磁共振成像(MRI)数据,建立正常人指骨间关节三维非线性有限元模型,并对指骨间关节的生物力学变化进行初步探讨.方法 利用MRI对健康男性左手扫描,分别得到横切面与纵切面的层厚为1.5mm的不间断连续横断位与矢状位MRI图像.将图像导出并刻录存盘为DICOM格式文件.并利用Mimics 10.0软件,建立基于MRI图像数据的指骨间关节三维模型.然后使用Geomxgic Studio 8软件对模型进一步处理,包括光顺与打磨,存成IGES格式的三维几何模型.最后将模型导入ANSYS11.0软件进行网格划分和力学分析.结果 本文基于医学图像建立了与解剖结构非常接近的手指骨间关节三维有限元模型,分析了指骨间关节的受力情况,并对各种数据进行初步研究,为进一步指骨间关节的研究奠定基础.结论 ①根据MRl图像数据建立的三维模型,比CT扫描数据建立的模型更接近于真实解剖结构;②根据MRI图像建立的三维有限元模型为静力模型,能很好地分析指骨间关节的应力情况;③为进一步进行指骨间关节生物力学分析提供了方法 与平台.     

3D打印技术在大脑镰旁脑膜瘤切除术中的初步应用

目的 探究基于3D打印技术的大脑镰旁脑膜瘤实体解剖模型构建在大脑镰旁脑膜瘤切除术中的初步应用情况。方法 选取2015年4-6月福建省立医院神经外科收治的大脑镰旁脑膜瘤患者3例,根据患者螺旋CT增强扫描所得的DICOM数据,针对颅骨、血管和肿瘤等组织结构采用不同的分割方法进行数据信息提取和重建,并在同一坐标系下实现装配和三者融合,形成三维可视化复合虚拟模型,再结合3D打印技术将三维可视化复合虚拟模型实体化。观察大脑镰旁脑膜瘤实体解剖模型构建情况及患者大脑镰旁脑膜瘤切除术的手术情况。结果 3例患者均构建出三维可视化复合虚拟模型,并成功制作出大脑镰旁脑膜瘤实体解剖模型,且其可清晰显示肿瘤与颅骨、大脑镰、上下矢状窦及周边血管的关系。手术医师利用该模型制定出完善的手术预案,术时根据大脑镰旁脑膜瘤实体解剖模型指导手术定位与实施,避开重要血管,达到Simpson Ⅰ级切除,且患者术后无明显脑水肿、血肿及神经功能障碍,手术成功。结论 基于3D打印技术的大脑镰旁脑膜瘤实体解剖模型能有效指导医务人员制定与完善手术方案,精准切除肿瘤,减少术中损伤,有助于患者康复。     

正常成人大脑侧脑室MRI测量及临床价值探讨

目的 为临床诊断侧脑室疾病及手术治疗提供解剖学资料.方法 收集30例正常成人头部MRI图象数据,应用3D-Doctor软件测量侧脑室相关参数并重建出侧脑室的三维模型.结果 测得了左、右侧脑室,侧脑室与头颅,侧脑室与脑组织容积等相关参数;重建的侧脑室三维模型,可以从不同的角度观察侧脑室的形状、大小.结论 该结果可应用于临床脑积水、侧脑室肿瘤等侧脑室疾病的外科手术入路的选定和脑外科立体定位,在侧脑室穿刺中为减少脑组织损伤和非病变区并发症提供形态学依据,并可用于临床教学.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…