去卵巢裸鼠人乳腺癌移植模型的建立

目的:采用雌激素皮贴刺激的方法,建立去卵巢(模拟妇女绝经后)裸鼠人乳腺癌移植模型,并探讨其部分生物学特性.方法:16只裸鼠切除卵巢后,背部给予雌激素皮贴,再接种雌激素受体阳性(ER )的MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞株,观察肿瘤块生长情况,30天后处死荷瘤裸鼠,切除肿块作病理切片及免疫组化.结果:接种后第4天即在接种部位可见结节,4周后肿瘤块平均表面积为(10.0±2.1)mm2,肿瘤移植成功率(成瘤率)为75%(12/16).病理学检查为浸润性导管癌,免疫组化雌激素受体表达呈阳性.结论:该方法采用了外部给予雌激素皮贴,刺激肿瘤的生长,成瘤率较高,且操作简便,成功的建立了去卵巢(绝经后)裸鼠人乳腺癌移植模型,经实验证明肿瘤可保持人乳腺癌生物学特性,为研究妇女绝经后雌激素依赖性乳腺肿瘤的发生机制提供了重要的科研工具.     

BALB／C小鼠乳腺癌移植模型的研究

目的：建立人乳腺癌裸鼠移植模型，为RNA干扰介导基因治疗的体内研究打下基础。方法：采用雌激素受体阳性的MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞株，接种于20只裸小鼠右侧胸壁乳垫下，移植细胞总数为1×10^6／只。观察肿块生长情况，至30天牺牲荷瘤鼠，切除肿块作病理切片。结果：接种后第10天在接种部位可见结节，肿瘤移植成功率（成瘤率）为95％（19／20）。切除肿块病理学检查为浸润性导管癌。结论：该方法建立的人乳腺癌裸鼠移植模型，成功率高，肿瘤符合人乳腺癌特性，为研究人乳腺癌提供了重要工具。     

两种人乳腺癌裸鼠移植模型的建立

目的 建立简便的人乳腺癌裸鼠移植模型,并探讨其部分生物学特性.方法 采用雌激素受体阴性的MDA-MB-231和SK-BR-3人乳腺癌细胞株,分别接种于10只裸鼠左侧腋窝皮下,移植细胞总数为1 x 107/只.观察肿块生长情况,第42天处死荷瘤鼠,切除肿块作病理切片.结果 MDA-MB-231接种后第5d在接种部位可见结节,成瘤率为90％ (9/10),接种42 d肿瘤体积426.6±333.8,瘤重0.417±0.276,病理学检查为浸润性导管癌;SK-BR -3接种后第11天在接种部位可见结节,成瘤率为80％(8/10),接种42 d肿瘤体积357.5±246,瘤重0.325±0.167,病理学检查为浸润性导管癌.结论 该方法建立的人乳腺癌裸鼠移植模型,皮下移植方法简单,易于操作,成功率较高,肿瘤可部分保持人乳腺癌生物学特性,为研究人乳腺癌提供了重要工具.     

BALB/c裸小鼠人宫颈癌模型的建立

目的采用在裸鼠腹部皮下移植人原代宫颈癌组织的方法,研究其在裸鼠体内的成瘤性,并初步探讨此动物模型腹部肿瘤的生物学特性。方法将人宫颈癌组织接种于裸鼠腹部皮下建立人宫颈癌裸鼠模型,观察荷瘤鼠成瘤、一般特性和移植瘤生长情况。80d后处死裸鼠,取肿瘤块做病理切片;用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测肿瘤组织、外周血和肝、脾等脏器HPV DNA表达情况。结果接种后第42天在接种部位可见结节,第80天后肿瘤块平均表面积为(50.0±5.1)mm2,肿瘤移植平均成功率为90.5%。移植瘤生长以局部浸润为主,未见转移瘤。组织学检查结果示所有移植瘤与种植前肿瘤组织病理检查结果一致,HPV DNA呈阳性,且为高危型人乳头瘤病毒HPV16型阳性。而外周血与肝、脾等脏器HPV DNA呈阴性。结论本研究所建立裸鼠人宫颈癌组织模型成瘤率较高,操作简便,可保持人宫颈癌生物学特性,为进一步研究宫颈癌的发病机制提供了重要的科研工具。     

COX-2和c-erbB-2在乳腺癌中的表达及其相互关系

目的:研究乳腺癌中环氧化酶2(COX-2)和c-erbB-2的表达及其相互关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测48例乳腺癌组织中COX-2与c-erbB-2的表达情况,分析其相互关系及与乳腺癌临床病理学特征间的联系.结果:乳腺癌中COX-2表达阳性率达60.4%(29/48),肿块>2 cm、淋巴结转移阳性、雌激素受体(ER)阴性、孕激素受体(PR)阴性者COX-2表达明显高于肿块<2 cm、淋巴结转移阴性、ER阳性、PR阳性者,而COX-2表达与患者年龄、肿瘤病理类型及肿瘤分期无关.c-erbB-2的表达阳性率为39.6%(19/48), 淋巴结转移阳性及激素受体阴性者c-erbB-2表达明显高于淋巴结转移阴性及激素受体阳性者,而与年龄、肿块大小、病理学类型无关.在c-erbB-2阳性的乳腺癌患者中,COX-2表达阳性率为84.2%(16/19),而c-erbB-2阴性的乳腺癌患者中,COX-2阳性表达率为44.8%(13/29),两者相比差异显著(P=0.006).结论:COX-2在乳腺癌中高水平表达且与c-erbB-2表达有关,提示乳腺癌中COX-2与c-erbB-2存在互相调控机制,共同促进肿瘤的发生和发展.     

老年乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体、孕激素受体、人表皮生长因子受体2的表达及临床意义

目的:分析雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER),孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR),人表皮生长因子受体2 (human epithelial receptor-2,CerbB2)在老年女性乳腺癌中的表达情况,并探讨其临床意义.方法:回顾性分析125例老年乳腺癌患者的临床资料,免疫组织化学法检测ER,PR及CerbB2的表达情况,分析其与肿块大小、组织学分级、肿瘤部位以及淋巴结转移情况的关系.结果:ER,PR,CerbB2呈阳性表达者分别为84例(67.2％),83例(66.4％),25例(20.0％).ER,PR阳性表达与患者组织学分级相关,CerbB2阳性表达与患者肿块大小、组织学分级和淋巴结转移显著相关(P均＜0.01).3年及5年生存率分别为74.9％和62.0％,中位生存时间6.9年.结论:ER,PR在老年乳腺癌患者中阳性表达率高,而CerbB2阳性表达率低,联合检测三者表达可较好地反映老年乳腺癌病理生物学特征并指导手术治疗.     

雌孕激素受体与消化系肿瘤

在雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)与消化系肿瘤中,其肿瘤的发生学、生物学特性、发生机制与治疗等方面有着明显关系。ER,PR在消化系肿瘤中有较高水平的表达;ER、PR在某种程度上反映肿瘤的生物学特性;消化系肿瘤部分为性激素依赖性肿瘤。在ER、PR表达阳性的消化系肿瘤中应用内分泌治疗是预防复发的途径之一。     

乳腺癌雌激素受体研究进展——(文献综述)

自七十年代发现乳腺、子宫肿瘤细胞中有雌激素受体(ER)以来,许多学者对ER进行了广泛深入的研究,观察到ER浓度与激素治疗效应有密切的关系:对雌激素受体阳性(ER+)的复发性或转移性乳腺癌,激素治疗有效;而对雌激素受     

乳腺癌雌激素受体表达和临床病理因素的关系

目的:探讨雌激素受体β亚型(Estrogen Receptor,ERβ)在乳腺癌组织中的表达与雌激素受体ɑ亚型(ERɑ)、孕激素受体(PR)表达和临床病理因素的关系.方法:采用免疫组化显色系统二步法(EnVision系统)测定75例原发性乳腺癌组织中ERβ与ERα、PR的表达,并对临床诊断相关指标进行对比分析.结果:ERβ阳性表达率为53.33%(40/75),共同表达46.66%(35/75),ERα和ERβ共同表达,二者无相关性(P>0.05),ERβ表达与组织学分级、腋淋巴结阳性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与肿瘤大小、临床分期、和病理类型无相关性(P>0.05).结论:ERβ表达与乳腺癌高危患者密切相关,与乳腺癌的发生、发展及预后有关,可作为反映乳腺癌生物学行为的指标,不能通过ER、PR及ERα联合测定来代替ERβ的检测.     

c-erbB-2癌基因蛋白及ER、PR在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨影响乳腺癌治疗及预后的相关因素。方法:采用免疫组化方法(LSAB法)检测乳腺癌C-erbB-2(Her-2/neu)蛋白及雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)在乳腺癌中的表达。结果:98例乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织的检测结果示C-erbB-2过度表达率与乳腺癌的组织学分级呈相关(P<0.05);ER、PR的阳性表达率分别为63.7%和60.2%;并与C-erbB-2过度表达率呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论:C-erbB-2蛋白及雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达情况在一定程度上反应了乳腺癌的生物学行为,应有助于临床上乳腺癌治疗方案的选择及判断预后。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…