For the health of the people—commemorating the 135thanniversary of the founding of the Chinese Medical Journal

<正>The year (2022) marks the 135th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Medical Journal. Over the past 135 years, the journal has witnessed tremendous changes in the health conditions of the Chines     

Experimental study on the function of the cricothyreoideus of the dog

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Analysis on the Attitude of the Family Planning staff toward the Contraception Service Delivery to the Unmarried Youth

Objective To analyze the attitude of family planning staff on providing contracep tives to unmarried youthcontraceptives providers or deliverymen in 3 cities and 3 countries chosen form 8 provinces of China, were enrolled into this study. The Methods of structural questionnaire, focus group discussion and in-depth interview were used to investigate their attitude.Results Those who agree,who disagree and who were uncertain to the matter account for 69. 64%, 27. 14% and 3. 22% of total respectively. The influencing factors included the length of working years, area of household register, their awareness and attitude to premarital sexual behavior and so on.Conclusion The staff of family planning should take a positive attitude and pay enough attention to reproductive health needs of unmarried youth.     

Morphologic Relationship between the Pontine Micturition Center and the Sympathetic Center in the Spinal Cord of the Rat

To study whether the sympathetic nerves coordinate with the parasympathetic nerves during micturition in the rat. We used antegrade neural tracing with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) injected into the pontine micturition center (PMC) to label the terminals in the L6-S1 cord，Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (PPNs) in the L6-S1 segment were labelled by retrograde transport of Fluorogold (FG) from the major pelvic ganglion (MPG). We detected retrograde neurons in L6-S1 using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the L1-L2 segment where sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) are located, lmmunohistochemical methods showed that PPNs were identified to he choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive (ChAT-IR). HRP-labelled neurons were not ChAT-IR and located dorsal to PPNs. BDA labelled terminals were located mainly in the bilateral IML of L6-S1, some of which had synaptic contact with the HRP-labelled neurons. In addition, there were some wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) labelled terminals in the ipsilateral IML of the L1-L2 segment after WGA-HRP was microinjected into SPN. We conclude that PMC may control the preganglionic neurons of sympathetic nerves through the interneurons located dorsal to PPNs.     

Can the Delta stop singing the blues?

This article was written to describe a collaborative effort between the University of Mississippi Medical Center and the Delta Health Alliance to increase primary care providers in the 18 counties designated as the Mississippi Delta. Journals compiled by trainees were analyzed to reveal issues significant to practicing in a rural area from the perspective of medical students and residents who participated in the program. Patient noncompliance, provider sensitivity to cost, continuity of care, and quality of the doctor-patient relationship were all identified as significant issues by the trainees.     

The height of the osteotomy and the correction of the kyphotic angle in thoracolumbar kyphosis

Background This study investigated the relationship between the height of osteotomy and the correction of the kyphotic angle during posterior closing wedge osteotmy with instrumentation and the spinal osteotomy with cage inserting into the intervertebral gap and closing posteriorly by a single posterior approach in thoracolumbar kyphosis, and using this relationship as the basis of the preoperative design. Methods From April 1996 to June 2007, 30 thoracolumbar kyphosis patients with complete medical records and clear X-ray photograms have undergone operation. Of these 30 cases, 16 cases underwent posterior closing wedge osteotmy with instrumentation while the height of the osteotomy and the correction of the angle have been measured; 14 cases underwent spinal osteotomy with cage inserting into the intervertebral gap and closing posteriorly by a single posterior approach while the height of the osteotomy, the height and the place of the cage and the correction of the angle were also measured. A simple geometrical model was simulated to calculate the relationship between the height of the oeteotomy and the correction of the angle and these results are finally compared with the data coming from the actual measuring by the Wilcoxon statistic method. Results The distribution of data from the 16 cases by posterior closing wedge osteotomy with instrumentation was as such： 9 male and 7 female, the mean age was 49.2 years （range 38--70）, the kyphosis improved from an average of 30° （range 15°--45°） preoperatively to 4° （range -26°--30°） postoperatively, the kyphosis was corrected on average 2.5-0 per 1 mm in the height of the osteotomy. The results from the simple geometrical model were that the mean of the correction of the angle per 1 mm was 2.2°. As a result, there was no significant difference （P 〉0.05） when comparing the measurement collected with the result simulated from the geometric model. The distribution of data from the 14 cases by spinal osteotomy with cage inserting into the interv     

Throwing out the baby with the spa water?

Australia is now one of the safest countries in the world in which to be born. This is largely a result of the many advances in obstetric and neonatal medicine of the past 50 years. However, the "medicalisation" of birth has tended to diminish women's satisfaction with their experience of childbirth. It has been shown that women are most satisfied by care from a single practitioner, and when they themselves have input into decision-making. Although maternal satisfaction is important, it should not be promoted at the expense of the health of mothers and babies. More realistic antenatal education and preparation should be available for all pregnant women so that both maternal satisfaction and good perinatal outcomes can be achieved.     

Response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant xenotransplantation

Objective: To investigate the response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant hamster to rat cardiac xenotransplantation and the mechanism of acute vascular rejection. Methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups randomly: control group,CsA group, splenectomy group, D0 splenectomy CsA group and D3 splenectomy CsA group. Hamster heart was heterotopicaly transplanted to rat abdominal cavity. The graft survival was monitored by palpation of the rat abdominal wall. The histological and ultrastructural changes of the xenogafts were investigated. NF-κB and P-selectin expression in the xenograft were detected. Hene Oxigenase-1 and Bcl-2 expression were also detected in the xenografts of different groups. Results: The mean survival time of the xenografts in control group, CsA group, splenectomy group, D0 splenectomy CsA group and D3 splenectomy CsA group was 3.4±0.55, 3.8±0.45, 6.4±1.52, 30 and 7.4±1.14 days. The rejected graft showed typical acute vascular rejection in control group, CsA group,splenectomy group and D3 splenectomy CsA group. Endothelial cells of the rejected xenograft showed dramatic assembly of ribosomes and expansion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the endothelium of the long-term survived grafts in D0 splenectomy CsA group showed normal architecture. NF-κB and P-selectin expression were detected in the rejected xenografts. HO-1 expression was observed in the long-term survived xenografts in D0 splenectomy CsA group. Conclusion: The endothelial cells of the xenograft might be activated during the acute vascular rejection. Expression of HO-1 might inhibit the upregulation of NF-κB and adhesion molecular which decreases the activation of the endothelium of the graft.     

Primary tumors of the heart: the great masqueraders

To the Editor： The recent case report of primary cardiac hemangioendothelioma prompted me to write this letter-to-the-editor for 5 reasons.     

Renal transplantation in the elderly — the Irish experience

Background  

The aim of this paper was to evaluate patient and kidney graft survival rates in renal transplant recipients and compare the outcomes between the different patient age groups.