骨保护素-聚乳酸羟基乙酸缓释微球的制备及体外释药性能研究

目的 以聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)为载体构建载有骨保护素(OPG)的微球,筛选出缓释效果最佳的制备条件,并研究载药微球的体外释放特性.方法 采用复乳溶剂挥发法,以不同的搅拌速度、聚乙烯醇(PVA)浓度、PLGA浓度制备OPG-PLGA微球并测定其载药量和包封率,通过正交试验优化制备条件;以磷酸盐缓冲液作为释放介质考察载药微球的体外释放特性.结果 以PLGA聚合物浓度400 mg/ml、搅拌速度400 r/min、PVA浓度2％为条件制备的载药微球具有最优的载药量和包封率,分别为6.21×10-和75.10％,体外释药试验显示微球持续释放时间达到30 d,具有良好缓释效果.结论 采用优化条件制备的OPG-PLGA微球具有较高的包封率和载药量,同时具有良好的缓释效果,为用于拔牙位点保存术的缓释药物研究提供了基础.     

多柔比星长效注射微球的体外释放研究

目的:考察多柔比星(Dox)微球的体外释放特性及药物在制备工艺和体外释放过程中的稳定性.方法:以乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为载体材料,用改进的复乳法(W/O/W)制备载Dox长效注射微球;考察粒径大小、外观、包封率、载药量等理化性质;用紫外分光光度法检测了体外释放溶液中的药物含量,考察了微球的体外释药特性及影响因素;用高效液相色谱法评价了微球制备工艺和体外释放过程对Dox稳定性的影响.结果:微球球形圆整,分散性好,平均粒径为85 μm,包封率为95.1%,载药量为14.8%.随着PLGA浓度的增加,W/O体积比的减小,微球释放速度减慢,突释效应减小.制备工艺对Dox的稳定性无明显影响,而Dox在体外释放过程中随着释放时间的延长逐渐有降解峰产生,10 d后降解峰面积占2.46%.结论:用复乳法制备载Dox微球,通过对PLGA浓度和油水体积比的调节,可以得到不同释放速度的微球.     

艾塞那肽缓释微球的制备和体外释放的研究

目的制备载艾塞那肽的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly(lactic-co-glycolicacid),PLGA]微球,并对其体外释药特性进行考察。方法以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物为载体,采用凝聚法(W/O/O)制备载艾塞那肽缓释注射微球,建立了高效液相色谱测定艾塞那肽含量的方法和微球中药物提取方法,考察微球粒径大小、外观、包封率、载药量等理化性质,并对微球体外释放特性进行了考察。结果微球球形较圆整,平均粒径为(51.2±1.97)μm,实际载药量为(4.50±0.13)%,包封率在(96.5±2.68)%,首日突释率为(13.19±1.39)%,28 d的体外累积释放率可达(88.6±0.73)%。结论以生物可降解的PLGA为载体,用W/O/O法制备的艾塞那肽微球工艺稳定可控,重现性好,可在体外缓释一个月,在糖尿病治疗中具有良好的应用前景。     

正交设计优化川芎嗪乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球处方与制备工艺

目的 制备川芎嗪PLGA微球并考察其物理化学性质及体外释药性.方法 采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备川芎嗪PLGA微球,正交试验设计优化处方组成和制备工艺,对微球的外观形态、粒径及粒度分布、包封率和载药量等理化性质进行了检测.结果 以优化处方制备的川芎嗪PLGA微球为圆球形,粒度分布较均匀,平均粒径为(10±2.2)μm,包封率为(81.36±1.15)%,载药量为(8.2±0.43)%,药物体外释放可延长至768h,释药特性符合Weibull方程,经差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析证明,形成了新的物相,表明载药微球确已形成.结论 采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备的川芎嗪PLGA微球包封率和栽药量高,粒径均匀,具有明显的缓释作用.     

重组人血管内皮抑制素的聚集稳定性及其PLGA缓释微球的制备与体外释放

目的:制备重组人血管内皮抑制素(rh-endostatin, rh-Endo)的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸\[poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA\]微球,并对微球的体外释放特性进行考察。方法:以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸为载体,采用复乳法制备重组人血管内皮抑制素聚乳酸-羟基乙酸微球,建立了高效液相色谱法测定rh-Endo含量和体外释药量。结果:微球外观圆整,平均粒径122.7 μm,载药量为1.28%,包封率为38.65%,250 μg/ml的rh-Endo标准溶液4℃、室温条件下放置108 h后,溶液仍呈现较好的稳定性。28 d的体外释放可达67.37%。结论:以可生物降解的PLGA作为载体材料,能够将rh-Endo制成缓释微球。     

阿司匹林胃漂浮微球的制备

目的制备阿司匹林胃内滞留漂浮微球。方法以乙基纤维素为载体材料,采用乳化—溶剂扩散技术制备阿司匹林微球,通过正交试验优选制备工艺,并对微球的体外漂浮性能,包封率,载药量,释放度等理化性能进行考察。结果该法所制微球形态圆整,大小较均匀,粒径范围45~200μm,载药量为32%,包封率为20.5%,体外12 h漂浮率为37.6%。结论本微球制备工艺较简单,重现性好。体外呈现较好的漂浮性能与缓释特性。     

多西紫杉醇PLGA/nHA复合微球的制备及体外释放研究

目的 制备多西紫杉醇(DTX)聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)/纳米羟基磷灰石(nHA)复合微球,研究纳米羟基磷灰石对复合微球的载药量,包封率和体外释放等性质的影响,以及抑制前列腺癌细胞的增长效应.方法 以疏水性抗癌药物多西紫杉醇作为模型药物,采用单乳化溶剂挥发法(S/O/W)制备PLGA/nHA-DTX复合微球,对载药前后的纳米羟基磷灰石进行透射电子显微镜观察和FTIR分析,并采用扫描电镜、激光粒度仪和高效液相色谱对微球的载药量、包封率、粒径及体外释药性质进行研究.结果 FTIR结果 表明纳米羟基磷灰石对多西紫杉醇有较强的吸附作用.PLGA/nHA-DTX复合微球的载药量和包封率分别为3.92%和88.7%,较之单纯的PLGA-DTX微球均有很大的提高.经过体外释放药物突释后,复合微球比单纯PLGA微球的药物释放慢.在第30 d时,复合微球和单纯的PLGA微球累积药物释率放分别为62.40%和72.70%.MTT实验结果 显示PLGA/nHA复合微球对癌细胞增长的抑制效果优于单纯PLGA微球和药物.结论 与单纯的PLGA-DTX微珠相比,由于纳米羟基磷灰石对多西紫杉醇存在较强的吸附作用,使PLGA/nHA-DTX复合微球的载药量和包封率得到了较大的提高,具有更好的药物缓释效果,抑制癌细胞增长的作用更有效.     

SPG膜乳化法制备PEG-PLGA微球和PLGA微球载药释药特性的对比研究

目的 采用SPG膜乳化法,研究制备载蛋白药物的PEG-PLGA微球的新工艺,并比较PEG-PLGA微球和PLGA微球的载药释药特性的差异.方法 以多种PEG-PLGA为载体材料,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,采用SPG膜乳化法制备缓释微球;以载药量、包封率、体外释放、粒径等为指标,优化载体材料种类、司盘80用量等参数;采用激光共聚焦显微镜、差示扫描量热法等方法探讨PEG-PLGA微球和PLGA微球的载药释药差异的机制.结果 优化的PEG-PLGA微球形态圆整、粒径均一,平均粒径(42.89±0.21) μm,包封率和突释率分别为91.40％、16.23％,40 d累积释放率超过90％.结论 PEG-PLGA缓释微球能有效提高载药量、包封率,降低突释率,释药匀速且完全.     

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物吗啡微球的制备及体外释放模型的建立

目的：研究以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）为载体的吗啡生物可降解缓释微球制剂的制备,并测定其体外释放曲线,建立体外释放模型。方法：采用溶剂挥发法制备吗啡PLGA微球,高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测微球中吗啡的含量。采用透析释药法测定微球体外释放曲线,并用零级动力学方程、一级动力学方程、Higuchi模型方程进行线性拟合。结果：吗啡PLGA微球的载药量为11．86％,药物包封产率为33％,体外释放曲线显示吗啡PLGA微球释放时间明显延长至10d以上。结论：吗啡PLGA微球明显地延长了吗啡释放时间,缓释性好,体外释放遵从零级释放模型。     

生物降解型尼索地平微球的研究

目的制备尼索地平的PLGA微球,并研究其体内外释药行为.方法采用溶剂挥发法制备微球,电镜下观察微球形态,HPLC法测定微球的载药量、包封率及累积释药量.采用HPLC法测定家兔体内的血药浓度.结果微球形态圆整,表面光滑.微球的粒径为15.3±3.8μm,载药量为21.16%,包封率为85.40%.微球的体外释药行为的拟合方程为1-Q=0.7654(1-t/t     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.