双J管在治疗上尿路梗阻中的应用及原理

目的探讨双J管在尿路梗阻术后的应用效果以及原理。方法2001年3月至2005年12月,我院治疗84例上尿路梗阻患者(单纯输尿管结石66例,输尿管狭窄合并结石10例,UPJO者5例,UBJO者3例),术后留置1～2根双J管。结果84例患者共留置102根双J管,术后留置时间3周～2.5年,平均5周。37例患者出现不同程度的下腹胀痛、尿痛、血尿等不适,拔管后症状缓解。15例患者双J管上附着结石形成。2例患者双J管上移,输尿管镜下拔除。2例患者双J管下移末端部分顶住膀胱黏膜,血尿较重,提前拔管后好转。结论治疗上尿路梗阻术后留置双J管具有操作简便、引流效果好、并发症少等优点,可以作为术后常规治疗手段。     

Profile of infertility Status of Male in Dhaka city

A cross sectional study was done to determine the important etiological profile of infertility status of male in Dhaka city. A total of eighty seven patients of male infertility were selected purposively. Among them, highest percentage of patients, 44(50.6%) were in between the 21-30 years old, 36(41.4%) had 6-10 years of post- marriage duration, 56(64.4%) patients stated that they stayed with their wife interruptedly, 54(62.1%) had primary infertility and 33(37.9%) had secondary infertility. It was found that among the patients 6(5.50%) had anti-sperm antibody, 45(40.9%) had sexually transmitted disease (STD), 41(37.3%) had varicocele, 2(1.80%) had loss of libido, 4(3.6%) had premature ejaculation and 12(10.9%) had hydrocele. It was observed that 14(12.7%) were tobacco user, 26(23.6%) were obese, 12(10.9%) had malnutrition, 7(6.4%) had exposure to heat etc and it was found that 61(70.1%) had free testosterone below the normal level and 51(58.6%) had prolactin level above the normal level. The semen analysis revealed that 48(55.2 %) had abnormal morphology of sperm, 26(29.9%) had feebly motile sperm and 27(31%) had non-motile sperm, 36(41.4%) had oligospermia, 6(6.9%) had azoospermia and 17(19.5%) had oligoasthenozoospermia.     

糖尿病夏科足临床特点分析

目的总结糖尿病夏科足的临床特点,提高临床医师对于本病的认识。方法回顾性分析11例2型糖尿病夏科足患者的临床特点。结果 11例患者中,男7例,女4例;平均年龄(60±11)岁;平均糖尿病病程16年;全部合并神经病变而无下肢血管病变;单侧足病变10例,双足病变1例;3例发病前有明确的外伤史。影像学表现为足部骨质破坏7例,关节间隙变窄6例,软组织肿胀3例,关节半脱位2例,关节融合2例,碎骨1例。11例患者一入院均遵医嘱限制活动。对足溃疡给予积极清创,换药。根据细菌培养及药敏试验结果选用抗生素治疗。10例合并足溃疡病例中,1例截趾后愈合,3例愈合,5例好转,1例自动出院后失访。3例出院后有足溃疡的复发。结论早期识别并给予制动等措施有助于足溃疡愈合和减缓夏科足畸形的发展。     

皮下潜行剥离结扎硬注术治疗环状混合痔疗效观察

目的：观察皮下潜行剥离结扎硬注术治疗环状混合痔的临床疗效。方法：138例符合环状混合痔诊断标准病例随机分为治疗组70例（行皮下潜行剥离结扎硬注术）和对照组68例（行外剥内扎硬注术）。观察术后疼痛、出血、尿潴留、水肿、赘皮残留、肛门狭窄、切口愈合时间等指标。结果：治疗组70例,治愈67例,好转3例,未愈0例。术后疼痛分值为3.66±1.45、出血3例、尿潴留2例、水肿9例、赘皮残留3例、肛门狭窄0例。平均切口愈合时间为（10.34±2.54）天,术后半年门诊随访未见复发。对照组68例,治愈55例,好转13例,术后疼痛分值4.14±1.52、出血14例、尿潴留11例、水肿43例、赘皮残留35例,肛门狭窄7例。平均切口愈合时间为（13.88±2.03）天,随访期复发7例。两组比较有显著性差异（p〈0.01）。结论：皮下潜行剥离结扎硬注术治疗环状混合痔在临床疗效、术后疼痛、出血、尿潴留、水肿、赘皮残留、肛门狭窄、切口愈合时间等方面明显优于传统外剥内扎硬注术。     

鸡骨草胶囊治疗急性肝炎的临床疗效观察

目的 :为了验证鸡骨草胶囊治疗急性肝炎的疗效。方法 :根据病情的纳入标准 ,选择 12 5例患者 ,随机分为治疗组 6 5例和对照组 6 0例进行临床观察。治疗组口服鸡骨草胶囊 ,每日 3次 ,每次 4粒 ,2 0天为一疗程 ,并同时进行对症治疗 ,对照组只进行对症治疗。两个疗程后统计疗效。结果 :治疗组临床痊愈 13例 ,显效 2 4例 ,有效 2 5例 ,无效 3例 ,总有效率 95 .38% ;对照组临床痊愈 7例 ,显效 2 0例 ,有效 2 3例 ,无效 10例 ,总有效率 83.33%。结论 :临床使用未发现明显毒副作用 ,疗效满意 ,是目前治疗急性肝炎比较理想的药物 ,值得推广使用     

Management of hydrocephalus using the Chabbra shunt

Over a two-year period, 223 patients with hydrocephalus were admitted to the wards of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre. Of these 223 patients, 111 were male and 112 were female. All children of less than 18 months underwent ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis of hydrocephalus, and 22 older patients had a CT scan. The commonest causes of hydrocephalus were meningitis and congenital hydrocephalus. 201 had ventricular aspiration to assess suitability for shunting and in 157 patients, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was clear and these patients were considered suitable for insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt. The outcome was satisfactory in 73% of the patients with 10 patients lost to follow-up. There were 12 (7.6%) patients with shunt infections, 6 (3.8%) patients had peritoneal shunt blockage and 2 (1.3%) had over-drainage. There were 2 cases of shunt prolapsing through the anus. Twenty patients died (12.7%): one had inflammation along the shunt tract, one had valve malfunction and one had the valve exposed on the scalp.     

超声伪像在超声诊断中的利用价值

目的 探讨超声伪像在超声诊断中的价值。方法 对4种常见囊肿、结石、肿瘤及节育环等疾病用B型超声诊断仪进行诊断分析。结果 囊性肿块表现为后方回声增强,结石、钙化灶表现为后方伴声影,球状肿瘤周边表现为边缘声影,节育器表现为混响所造成的＂彗星尾征＂。结论 超声伪像在超声诊断中有重要的利用价值。     

Pattern of intrathoracic goiter in Ibadan,Nigeria

This study is to review the pattern of intrathoracic goiter in a large black population. In a retrospective review, the cardiothoracic unit managed ninety-eight primary mediastinal masses of which sixteen patients with intrathoracic goiters were treated during the same period. This constitutes 1.3% of treated goiters and 16.3% of primary mediastinal masses. Seventy-five per cent of the intrathoracic goiters were in association with cervical goiters. Twelve of the intrathoratic goiters were located in the anterosuperior mediastinum, and two in the middle mediastinum. There were three goiters in the posterior mediastinum. Six patients had cervical exploration and median sternotomy, three had cervical exploration and thoractomy, 3 had only thoractomy, two had only median sternotomy for excision. Thirteen patients (81.3%) had either simple colloid or multinodular intrathoracic goiter, one had follicular adenoma, and 2 patients had malignant goiters. One patient had recurrent cervical goiter. The endemicity of thyroid disease does not seem to increase the frequency of intrathoracic goiter.     

腰椎间盘术后椎间隙感染的非手术治疗与愈后

目的研讨腰椎间盘术后椎间隙感染的非手术治疗效果及愈后情况。方法四川大学华西医院骨科近年来共收治因在院外行椎间盘摘除术,术后出现椎间隙感染而致椎间盘炎、椎管内脓肿伴腰痛明显的患者8例,入院后采用抗生素、卧床等非手术治疗,并长期随访观察治疗效果。结果随访6~12个月,患者症状逐渐消失,椎间隙变窄并趋于融合。椎管内的脓肿亦逐渐吸收。结论腰椎间盘术后椎间隙感染的非手术治疗安全有效,伴发脓肿亦可被吸收。     

卵巢囊腺癌的CT诊断

目的 探讨卵巢囊腺癌的CT特征.方法 搜集19例经手术病理证实的卵巢囊腺癌的临床及CT资料并进行回顾性分析.结果 19例卵巢囊腺癌中,18例为多囊性肿块,囊壁及分隔厚薄不均,毛糙并有不同程度强化,多有壁结节或肿块实质部分,其中2例囊壁有钙化;1例为单囊性病变,壁光滑.19例卵巢囊腺癌中,14例为浆液性,5例为粘液性.结论 卵巢囊腺癌有其特征性的CT表现,囊壁厚薄不均,多有壁结节.CT是目前诊断卵巢囊腺癌较好的影像学方法.