Surgical management of metastatic disease of long bone

Objective To improve the life quality of cancer patients with metastasis to long bone and to long bone and to select suitable surgical treatment. Methods Fifty-two patients with metastasis 27 men and 25 women, were June 2003 Vol12 No2 treated from 1990 to 1999. Their average age was 56. 8 years (33 - 74). In 16 patients with multiple lesions, underwent surgery at bone shaft (29 patients) and bone epiphysis (26). Thirty patients were treated for pathologic fracture and the rest for impending fracture. Operations included limb-salvage (51 patients) and amputation (4) Limb salvage consisted of intralesional curettage (3 patients ), intramedullary nailing reconstruction (29 ), endoprosthesis ( 18 ), and temporary spacer ( 1 ). 21 patients accepted postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Results Follow-up of 52 patients for a mean of 28. 2 months (2 - 122 months) showed pain relief (41 patients), (75%) and full or part weight-bearing stability ( 36 ) 69 % . Local tumor recurrence occurred in 11 patients.     

Effects of Cyclosporin A on Proliferation of Cultured Rat Mesangial Cells

Mesangialproliferativeglomeru-lonephritis(MsPGN)isacommonpatho-logicaltypeofglomerulardiseasesinchil-dren[l].Itischaracterizedbyincreasednumbersofmesangialcells(MC)andin-creasedmesangialmatrix,finallyresultinginglomerulosclerosis.ProliferationofmesangialcellsareofgreatimportanceinpathologicalchangesandprognosisofgIomerulardiseases.Thus,attentionispaidtosearchofaninhibitorofproliferationofMCandinvestigationofitsmechanism.Cy-closporinA(CsA)isanimmunosuppressiveagentusedinthetreatmentofglome…     

Effects of fused hirudin on activity of thrombin and function of platelets ~

Objective: To investigate whether fused hirudin peptide has both antithrombin and antiplatelet functions. Methods: The core region of fused hirudin was the C terminal tail of hirudin(hirudin53-64),which could bind to the anion binding exosite (ABE) of thrombin. Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe(RPPGF) amino acid sequence,a metabolite of bradykinin,was added to the N-terminus of hirudin53-64. Itbound to the active site of thrombin. Additionally,Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)amino acid sequence,an inibitor of glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲ a( GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa) receptor,was linked to C-terminus of hirudin53-64. This 26-animo acidfused hirudin peptide was artificially synthesized,purified and analysed. Results: Fused hirudin peptide significantly lengthened the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT)and prothrombin time(PT) and inhibited the amidolytic activity of thrombin. The ADP-induced platelet aggregation was markedly inhibited by fused hirudin peptide. Conclusion: Fused hirudin peptide has activity of antithrombin as well as antiplatelet. Therefore bifunctional anticoagulation peptide has capacity to target various components of haemostatic process and may become more powerful antithrombosis agent.     

Comparison of the distribution of peptidergic neurons between the amygdaloid nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of rats

Using immunohistochemical technique,the cell bodies and fiber terminals of 13peptidergic neurons-vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)-,cholecystokinin(CCK)-,corticotropin releasing factor(CRF)-,neurotensin(NT)-,galanin(GAL)-,substance P(SP)-,somatostatin(SOM)-,calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)-,α-melanocytestimulating hormone(β-MSH)-,β-endorphin(β-END)-,angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)-,L-enkephalin(L-ENK)-,and M-enkephalin(M-ENK)-immunohistochemical reactive(IR)neurons were studied and the pattern of distribution of these peptidergic neurons inthe amygdaloid nucleus(AMYG)and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BST)of therat was compared.Some similarities of the distribution of these peptidergic neurons in thesubdivisions of the AMYG and BST were observed.The peptidergic neurons in the ante-rior part of BST are similar to those in the central amygdaloid nucleus and in the medialamygdaloid nucleus,and the peptidergic neurons in the posterior part of BST are similarto those in the lateral and basal amygdaloid nucleus.     

Innervation of Cholinergic Vestibular Efferent System in Vestibular Periphery of Rats

Vestibularefferentsystem(VES)in-nervatesthevestibularend0rgans["2].Acetylcholine(Ach)hasbeengenerallyconsideredasaneurotransmitter0fvestibu-larefferentsystem(VES)intheverte-brate.Carpenteretal[3]reportedthatthevestibularefferentneuronsinthebrainstemwereidentifiedimmunoreactlvelytocontaincholineacetyltransferase(ChAT)inthesquirrel.ChAT,thespecificenzymeforsynthesizingAch,hasbeenrecognizedasadefinitivemarkerforcholinergicneur0nsornerveterminals.Recently,ourexperimenthassh0wntheChAT-likeim…     

Detection of Six Kinds of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in the Serum of Healthy Volunteers

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are a family of closely related but heterogeneous autoantibodies that may have diffe-rent biological and pathogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of six kinds of aPL including anticardiolipin (aCL), antiphosphatidic acid (aPA), antiphosphatidylserine (aPS), antiphosphatidylethanolamine (aPE), antiphosphatidylcholine (aPC), antiphosphatidylinositol (aPI) in the serum of healthy volunteers. The A (absorbency) val…     

Gender difference of transmural heterogeneity of calcium current in rabbit ventricle

Femaleisassociatedwithanincreasedriskof torsadesdepointes(TdP)inthesettingofdrugs thatcanprolongtheQTinterval[1-3].Womenare twiceasmanyasmenandtheincidenceofsudden deathfromTdPishigherinwomenthaninmen. Thisphenomenonhasarousedgreatinterest[4,5].It isknownthatmid-myocardium(Mid)hasalonger actionpotentialdurationthantheepicardium(Epi) andendocardium(Endo),whichinducetransmural electricalheterogeneityintheheart.Transmural dispersionofrepolarization(TDR)providesthe substrateforthedevelopmento…     

Distribution of SP receptor in the auditory centre of brainstem and in the medial geniculate body of guinea pigs

SubstanceP(SP)hasbeenaffirmedasaprimaryafferentsensoryneurotransmitter.Intheauditorysystemofthemammal,SPisalsowidelydistributed.YlikosikietallljreportedthatSPmightbeaprimaryafferentneurotransmitterormodulatorinrabbitcochlea.WehavereportedthedistributionofSPandsubstancePreceptor(SPR)inthecochleaofguineapigsL'j.ButthereisnoreportaboutthedistributionofSPandSPRintheauditorycentreandmedialgenicularbodyofguineapigs.Inthispaper,wedescribethedistributionofSPR--positiveneuronsandfibersintheco…     

Study of serum level of sex hormones and expression of their receptors in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma

Bronchogeniccarcinomaisalife threateningdisease .Inthepast,studiesofitspathogenesismainlyfocusedontheenvironmentalfactorsandseldomontheendocrinefac tors .Thefindingsofourstudydemonstratedthattherewerereceptorsofestradiolandprogesterone (ERandPR)inthetissueofbronchogeniccarcinomaandtherewerealsosignif icantchangesoftheserumlevelofestradiolandprogester one (SELandSPL)inthepatientswiththismalignancy .Furtherstudyisimperativetoclarifytheinterrelationshipbetweenthechangesofsexhormonesandthepath…     

Clinical Grade of Gerneration of Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

In order to develop a protocol for clinical grade generation of dendritic cells (DCs) for cancer immumotherapy, aphereses were performed with the continuous flow cell separator and mate- rials were derived from 10 leukemia patients that had achieved complete remission. Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with GM-CSF, IL-4 for 6 days, then TNF-α (the TNF-α group) or TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 (the cytokine mixture group) were added to promote maturation. Cell number was counted by hematology analyzer, and phenotype study (CD1a, CD14, CD83) was carried out by flow cytometry, and the function of DCs was examined by mixed lymphocyte reaction. The results showed that (0.70±0.13)×107/mL (the TNF-α group) and (0.79±0.04)×107/mL (the cytokine mixture group) DCs were generated respectively in peripheral blood obtained by leucapheresis. The phenotypes were as follows: CD1a (74.65±4.45)%, CD83 (39.50±4.16)%, CD14 (2.90±1.76)% in TNF-α group, and CD1a (81.86±5.87)%, CD83 (81.65±6.36)%, CD14 (2.46±1.68)% in the cyto- kine mixture group. It was concluded that leucapheresis may be a feasible way to provide large num- ber of peripheral blood monocytes for DC generation, and combined administration of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 may greatly promote maturity.     

大鼠中枢神经系统结缔组织生长因子免疫反应阳性细胞的发育

目的 研究Ｅ８～Ｐ３００大鼠中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）结缔组织生长因子（ＣＴＧＦ）免疫反应阳性细胞的发育规律。方法 应用免疫细胞化学方法检测大鼠中枢神经系统ＣＴＧＦ免疫反应阳性细胞在不同发育阶段的变化情况。结果 出生前大鼠ＣＮＳ未检测到ＣＴＧＦ免疫反应阳性细胞。出生后早期较少，而后逐渐增加。出生后１～２月间出现发育高峰：阳性细胞数量最多，分布范围广泛，阳性信号强。随年龄的增加阳性细胞数量逐渐减少，分布范围逐渐减少。阳性细胞主要是大脑扣带皮质、纹状皮质、海马、下丘脑、小脑的神经元和脊髓白质的星形胶质细胞、室管膜细胞。了性细胞具长突起，且突起显示较强阳性信号。结论 ＣＴＧＦ在ＣＮＳ的发育、分化及正常生理功能中起作用。     

生殖细胞核因子在不同成长期大鼠附睾中的表达

目的 讨生殖细胞核因子(GCNF)在大鼠附睾中的时空表达与分布。方法 用免疫组化和蛋白质免疫印迹技术,检测GCNF蛋白在出生后7、14、28、45、60、90天龄和18月龄大鼠附睾内的表达、定位和发育变化,并通过凝胶成像及图像分析系统对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果 CNF表达于出生后14天龄至18月龄大鼠附睾上皮的细胞核内,其表达呈明显的年龄相关性和附睾区段以及细胞特异性。14天龄附睾上皮内出现散在的阳性细胞核,28天龄时阳性细胞数和阳性强度明显增强,45天龄时达到高峰。成年后阳性细胞数维持不变而阳性染色强度开始逐渐减弱,18月龄时减弱非常明显。附睾管上皮内的各种细胞如主细胞、基细胞、顶细胞、狭窄细胞和亮细胞等均呈GCNF阳性染色,从附睾起始段到尾段均有阳性染色,其中以近端头部最强;远端尾部主细胞核阳性减弱非常明显甚至呈阴性,而亮细胞核则阳性较强。14d后各年龄组附睾抽提物中均可见55000处有GCNF特异性条带,其年龄变化与免疫组化结果一致。结论 CNF在大鼠附睾上皮内的表达与附睾上皮分化和发育过程明显相关,且其分布表现出明显的附睾区段和细胞特异性。     

Orexin-A细胞及其神经纤维在致痫模型大鼠中的变化

目的 观察癫痫模型大鼠中食欲素A(orexin-A)及其神经纤维在不同时间点的变化.方法 用海人酸腹腔注射诱发大鼠癫痫发作,并分别于癫痫终止后8h、1、3、7d和慢性复发时间点,行免疫组化方法检测orexin-A免疫反应阳性细胞数及其神经纤维的变化.结果 orexin-A免疫阳性细胞的分布主要在下丘脑和穹窿周围核,其免疫阳性神经纤维分布广泛；8h组阳性细胞数减少,而免疫反应神经纤维增多,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).阳性细胞呈现先减少,后恢复,再次减少的趋势；而其免疫反应神经纤维平均光密度值曲线呈现先升高,后恢复,继续下降之后,再次升高的趋势.结论 orexin-A 细胞数及其神经纤维在大鼠癫痫发生的过程中随时间点与其出现了相反的变化,这表明其可能参与了癫痫发病的调节控制.     

拟除虫菊酯对大鼠中枢谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸递质影响的免疫组织化学研究

目的　探讨拟除虫菊酯类农药对大鼠中枢神经系统谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）和γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）免疫阳性神经细胞的影响及机制。方法　雄性ＳＤ大鼠经氯氰菊酯（７ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）或氯菊酯（７０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）连续腹腔注射染毒后,通过免疫组织化学和显微图像分析技术检测Ｇｌｕ 及ＧＡＢＡ阳性神经细胞分布和阳性细胞中递质含量。结果　氯氰菊酯或氯菊酯染毒组大鼠大脑皮层、海马Ｇｌｕ 免疫反应阳性细胞数目和阳性细胞面积比减少,阳性细胞积分吸光度降低,阳性细胞突起减少;而ＧＡＢＡ免疫阳性神经细胞数目和面积比增加,阳性细胞积分吸光度升高;在相同条件下,氯氰菊酯作用明显强于氯菊酯。结论　拟除虫菊酯引起中枢神经系统Ｇｌｕ 及ＧＡＢＡ平衡失调可能是其导致兴奋性神经毒性作用机制之一。     

Ki-67、Thy-1和Oct4在小鼠生精恢复过程中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨精子再生过程中Ki-67、Thy-1和Oct4的表达及其意义。方法:采用间隔24d2次白消安[10mg/(kg.次)]小鼠腹腔内注射建立精子再生模型,于第2次给药后第1,2,3,4,6和8周运用免疫组化检测Ki-67、Thy-1和Oct4在生精上皮表达及其表达规律。结果:形态学显示第2次给药后3周主要为精原干细胞增殖期,4周为分化期,6-8周为精子发生恢复期。Ki-67表达见于精原细胞和少量精母细胞。精原细胞Ki-67阳性率在第2次给药后3周最高,第4周明显下降,6-8周恢复至正常对照组水平。Thy-1表达于精原细胞,在精子再生各阶段阳性表达率均较高,其中,第3周表达最高,第2周次之。Oct4表达仅见于紧贴曲细精管基底膜的精原细胞,在第3周表达较对照组显著上调,第4周下降,6-8周恢复至对照组水平。精原细胞Oct4和Ki-67阳性率之间的相关系数为0.779。结论:Thy-1并非特异性表达于精原干细胞。Oct4表达上调是促进精原干细胞增殖的重要因素。     

蜘蛛香成分11-ethoxyviburtinal对肠易激综合征大鼠肠嗜铬细胞及肥大细胞表达的影响?

目的探讨蜘蛛香成分11-ethoxyviburtinal对肠易激综合征(IBS)大鼠肠嗜铬细胞(EC)及肥大细胞(MC)表达的影响。方法 SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、匹维溴铵(25 mg/kg)组和蜘蛛香成分11-ethoxyviburtinal大、中、小剂量(1.2、0.6、0.3 mg/kg)组。采用孤养复合慢性不可预见性应激法建立IBS大鼠模型,免疫组化法检测大鼠结肠5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫反应阳性细胞EC数量的变化,甲苯胺蓝染色法检测大鼠结肠MC数量的变化。结果孤养复合慢性不可预见性应激可造成大鼠结肠5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞EC数量显著增加(P0.01),结肠MC数量显著增多(P0.05)。蜘蛛香成分11-ethoxyviburtinal大剂量可显著减少结肠5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞EC和MC数量(P0.05)。结论蜘蛛香成分11-ethoxyviburtinal可抑制IBS大鼠结肠EC和MC的表达。     

癫痫大鼠海马区增殖的内源性神经前体细胞演变过程的研究

目的 追踪观察匹罗卡品诱导癫痫模型大鼠海马区增殖的内源性神经前体细胞的分化及演变过程，从而探讨痫性发作对增殖的内源性神经前体细胞的影响。方法 氯化锂和匹罗卡品联合诱导大鼠癫痫模型，正常对照组注射生理盐水，干预后14d腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿苷嘧啶（BrdU）标记海马DG区增殖的内源性神经前体细胞；用免疫组化方法分别观察标记后5、14、28d海马DG区BrdU／神经元核性蛋白（NeuN）、BrdU／胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达；TUNEL标记方法观察BrdU／TUNEL的表达。结果 与正常对照组相比，癫痫模型组大鼠海马区出现的BrdU阳性细胞明显增多，增殖的细胞大多数分化为神经元（约70％），只有少数分化为星形胶质细胞。随标记时间延长，存活的增殖细胞逐渐减少，部分BrdU阳性细胞表现为TUNEL阳性。结论 癫痫发生后出现了神经前体细胞的增殖，增殖的细胞大多数分化为神经元。但只有少部分细胞存活下来参与海马结构的重组。     

家兔发育期5-羟色胺及嗜铬粒素A在胃窦黏膜中的表达

目的：观察家兔生后发育期间5-羟色胺（5-HT）和嗜铬粒素A（CgA）在胃窦黏膜中的分布、形态和数量变化.方法：生后5、15、25、35、60及90d家兔各10只,处死后取胃窦组织,用免疫组织化学SABC法和图像分析法观察5-HT、CgA免疫反应细胞的定位和表达.结果：不同发育阶段胃窦黏膜内均有5-HT和CgA的表达,阳性产物位于细胞胞质内;生后5d和15 d时5-HT阳性细胞分散存在于黏膜上皮内,染色较浅,35 d开始逐渐增多,60d时数量最多（P＜0.05）,90d时减少至35 d水平,细胞平均灰度值于35 d时降低,60d时达到最低（P＜0.05）;CgA阳性细胞从生后5d开始数量逐渐增多,尤以90d增多明显（P＜0.05）,平均灰度值于90d时最低（P＜0.05）.结论：家兔生后发育期间胃窦5-HT、CgA阳性细胞的分布和数量变化有一定的规律性,提示其所释放的激素可能参与家兔胃窦的发育和某些生理活动.     

腹侧海马强啡肽在癫痫敏感性增强形成中的表达

用SD大鼠建立红藻氨酸 (KA)诱发实验性颞叶癫痫动物模型 ,利用免疫细胞化学方法 (ICC) ,研究KA诱发的癫痫敏感性增强形成过程中 (KA后 1～ 7d) ,大鼠腹侧海马内强啡肽 [DYNA(1 8) ]免疫反应活性变化的时间过程。发现 :KA后 2d ,大鼠腹侧海马齿状回颗粒细胞 (DGC)层出现强啡肽免疫反应阳性神经细胞 ,KA后 4d ,其阳性神经细胞数量及免疫反应强度达高峰 ,KA后 5～ 7d,免疫反应逐渐消失。研究表明 :腹侧海马DGC层强啡肽免疫反应阳性神经细胞消失出现的时间过程 (KA后 5～ 7d)与KA诱发的癫痫敏感性增强形成出现的时间过程 (KA后 5～ 7d)一致 ,提示腹侧海马内源性强啡肽在抗癫痫敏感性增强形成中可能起重要作用     

大鼠室管膜下区和齿状回的EGFR表达

目的:探讨大鼠脑发育过程中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在室管膜下区(SVZ)和齿状回(DG)的表达及其意义。方法:选取正常不同发育时期SD大鼠脑,进行石蜡包埋连续切片,对大鼠脑室管膜、室管膜下区和海马DG进行EGFR免疫组织化学染色及光镜观察。应用免疫荧光双重染色观察EGFR和BrdU的共表达情况。结果:不同发育阶段大鼠的室管膜细胞都呈EGFR阳性。侧脑室背外侧角SVZ的EGFR阳性细胞在出生前及出生后早期较多,出生30d后(P30)EGFR阳性细胞数目锐减。在P7的SVZ,90%以上的EGFR细胞与BrdU共表达。在齿状回,颗粒细胞、一些位于SGZ、分子层和门区的细胞呈EGFR阳性。在大鼠胚胎晚期和出生后1周内,EGFR表达较高。P30,P120和P365,EGFR阳性细胞数较P7大幅度减少并且减少的主要是位于SGZ、分子层和门区的细胞。此外,在P7齿状回的各层可见一些EGFR阳性细胞表达BrdU。结论:EGFR在SVZ和DG有较强表达且表达随年龄增长有降低的趋势。在SVZ和DG各层可见EGFR和BrdU的细胞表达,EGFR信号途径在神经干(祖)细胞的增殖和特定类型神经元的分化及迁移过程中可能发挥重要作用。