鲑鱼降钙素微球的制备及其性质的研究

目的:制备鲑鱼降钙素(sCT)聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球并对其物理性质和体外释放进行考察,为研制sCT的缓释制剂提供科学依据.方法:采用复乳-液中干燥法,以PLGA为成球材料制各sCT微球,用L9(34)正交设计优选微球制备的处方工艺条件,并对所制备微球的外观形态、粒度分布、载药量、包封率和体外释药等进行研究.结果:正交设计确定微球制备的最优处方工艺条件为PLGA质量浓度400 g·L-1,PVA质量浓度20 g·L-1,搅拌速度10 000 rpm;制备得到的sCT微球外观形态良好,平均粒径为(31.92±3.10)μm,载药量和包封率分别为(1.65±0.27)%和(41.44±3.39)%.28 d的体外累积释放百分率在90%以上.结论:采用复乳-液中干燥法制备sCT微球是可行的,且工艺简单,重现性良好.     

胰岛素聚乳酸微球处方筛选

目的 :选择胰岛素作为蛋白质模型药物 ,以聚乳酸为载药聚合物 ,采用溶剂挥发法 ,对蛋白质的微球处方及制备条件进行优化。方法 :以微球的成球情况、粒径、包封率、产率、含量为指标 ,首先应用正交设计分析筛选油相、乳化剂、乳化温度和溶剂挥发温度 ,然后应用均匀设计逐步回归法优化空白微球制备工艺 ;再根据空白微球的筛选结果 ,对聚乳酸相对分子质量和浓度两个重要因素进行正交试验 ,应用理想函数优选产率、包封率和载药量较高的胰岛素聚乳酸微球。应用电子显微镜扫描观察微球水解前后的表面形态。应用显微计数法测定微球粒径及分布。结果…     

局部用环孢素聚乳酸微球的制备

目的:采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备环孢素聚乳酸微球,并对微球性状进行考察。方法:通过正交设计试验筛选其最佳制备工艺,用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态。采用激光粒径分析仪对微球的平均粒径分布检测,并通过高效液相色谱对微球的载药量、包封率、体外释药性能进行了研究。结果:应用通过正交设计筛选后的制备工艺,所得到环孢素聚乳酸微球的形态圆整,平均粒径为18.234μm,粒径在9.525~32.400μm的占总数的80%以上。包封率为(86.12±0.77)%,载药量为(34.51±0.63)%。环孢素-聚乳酸微球的体外释药情况为30 d,累积释药量为40.8%,在释放前期释放速率较快,5 d后释放变得平稳。结论:可获得较满意的环孢素聚乳酸微球制备工艺,且微球具有明显的缓释性能。     

重组双功能水蛭素PLGA微球的制备及其特性

目的①建立RGD-Hirudin微球制备工艺;②建立缓释微球制剂中药物活性、含量的测定方法;③分析微球制备工艺中的各个关键参数对微球质量的各个指标的影响情况.方法选择聚乙烯醇（PVA）作为助乳剂,聚乳酸聚羟基乙酸（PLGA）作为微球的生物可降解载体,二氯甲烷作为有机溶剂,溶剂蒸发温度为室温,运用溶剂挥发法制备W/O/W的双乳微球制剂.在微球的制备工艺研究中,考察内水相中水油比例对微球粒径以及收率的影响,助乳剂PVA浓度对微球外观以及微球的包封率和收率的影响,超声次数对微球成球率以及药物活性的影响,挥发搅拌速度对微球的成球率以及外观的影响,不同黏度的PLGA对微球的外观以及分散度的影响,NaCl浓度对微球的包封率、收率以及载药量的影响等.结果利用颗粒粒径系统（PSS）对所制备微球样品的分析得出,微球平均粒径81.38μm,适合作进一步体内研究.几批微球的载药量和收率都很高,分别为83.92%～96.3%和79.93%～95.05%;包封率为23.95%～65.13%.其中NaCl浓度、PVA浓度对微球包封率的影响比较明显.结论微球的稳定性实验表明,微球释放率稳定,并且释放的重组双功能水蛭素（RGD-Hirudin）活性稳定性保持良好,体外释放实验得出其具有缓慢释放的效果,为进一步做动物体内实验打下了基础.     

SPG膜乳化法制备载BSA的PLGA微球的工艺考察

目的 采用SPG膜乳化法,制备载蛋白药物的聚乳酸聚乙醇酸(PLGA)微球,并对其形态学性质、载药量、体外释药进行考察.方法 以血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,PLGA作为载体材料,采用SPG膜乳化技术结合复乳溶剂挥发法制备微球;分别考察初乳匀浆转速、内水相体积、膜挤出压力、外/内水相加盐等因素对微球质量的影响.结果 以优化处方制备的载药微球形态圆整、粒径均一,平均粒径为(55.51±0.24)μm,载药量、包封率分别为7.70％和69.33％,缓释时间达到40 d.结论 本研究获得了SPG膜乳化法制备BSA-PLGA缓释微球的新工艺.     

阿奇霉素聚乳酸微球的制备及其体外释药特性的研究

以聚乳酸为载体材料制备阿奇霉素微球(AZM MS)并考察其体外释药特性。方法：采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备AZM MS，并对其形态、粒径、包封率、结构和质量、体外释药特性等进行研究。结果：微球外观形态为类球形实体，粒径分布较均匀，平均粒径dav=(20.8±0.5)?μm，三批载药微球的包封率为(68.3±1.28)%；体外释药符合Higuchi方程，差示扫描热分析证明微球的形成。结论：本实验筛选的最佳处方工艺可制备性质优良的阿奇霉素肺靶向聚乳酸微球。     

正交设计优化川芎嗪乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球处方与制备工艺

目的 制备川芎嗪PLGA微球并考察其物理化学性质及体外释药性.方法 采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备川芎嗪PLGA微球,正交试验设计优化处方组成和制备工艺,对微球的外观形态、粒径及粒度分布、包封率和载药量等理化性质进行了检测.结果 以优化处方制备的川芎嗪PLGA微球为圆球形,粒度分布较均匀,平均粒径为(10±2.2)μm,包封率为(81.36±1.15)%,载药量为(8.2±0.43)%,药物体外释放可延长至768h,释药特性符合Weibull方程,经差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析证明,形成了新的物相,表明载药微球确已形成.结论 采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备的川芎嗪PLGA微球包封率和栽药量高,粒径均匀,具有明显的缓释作用.     

环丙沙星聚乳酸微球制备工艺的研究

目的:通过正交设计试验筛选出制备环丙沙星聚乳酸微球的最佳工艺.方法:用正交试验设计优化环丙沙星聚乳酸微球制备工艺,用电子显微镜观察微球表面形态,差示扫描热分析确证含药微球的形成,及对微球的平均粒径、粒度分布、载药量、包封率、工艺重现性进行了研究.结果:环丙沙星聚乳酸微球的形态圆整,且药物确已被包裹在微球中,微球的平均粒径为280.80±0.15μm,粒径在250～390μm左右的占总数的90%以上,载药量为(34.1±0.51)%,包封率为(68.5±0.58)%,最佳工艺条件重现性良好.结论:本研究获得了制备环丙沙星聚乳酸微球的较满意的工艺.     

效应面法优化甲巯咪唑聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球的处方工艺

目的优化甲巯咪唑聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球的处方工艺。方法采用O/O型乳化溶剂挥发法制备微球,通过Draper/lin小中心复合因子设计试验考察药物和PLGA的重量比、PLGA在内相的浓度、司盘-80在外相的浓度3个影响因子对微球的包封率、载药量和粒径的影响。根据最佳数学模型绘制效应面,通过重叠等高线图确定最优处方工艺。结果3个影响因素和3个考察指标之间存在定量关系,优化处方工艺为药物和PLGA的重量比为0.08∶1,PLGA的浓度为40%,司盘的浓度为5%。优化处方各指标的预测值和目标值非常接近。结论采用因子设计-效应面法完成了甲巯咪唑微球的多目标同步优化。     

破伤风类毒素聚乳酸微球的制备工艺研究

研究破伤风类毒素聚乳酸微球 (TT MS)的制备工艺及理化性质。方法 :水 /油水复乳溶剂挥发法制备微球 ,并测定粒径及包封率。结果 :可制备包封率达 90 %以上的微球 ,改变工艺条件 ,可在 30～ 30 0 μm范围内控制微球的粒径。结论 :研究了微球制备工艺的影响因素 ,成功地制备了疫苗微球。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…