老年气管切开不同时间痰铜绿假单胞菌耐药分析

目的：分析老年气管切开患者不同时间痰铜绿假单胞菌对抗生素耐药率情况。方法：对气管切开半年内59例患者痰培养的158株铜绿假单胞菌耐药率、气管切开半年－1年16例患者痰培养的56株铜绿假单胞菌耐药率及气管切开1年以上13例患者痰培养57株铜绿假单胞菌耐药率进行比较。结果：老年气管切开患者不同时间痰培养的铜绿假单胞菌对抗生素耐药率变化无统计学意义；气管切开不同时间对铜绿假单胞菌耐药率均大于50％的抗生素有：氨苄西林、氨曲南、羧苄青霉素、头孢唑啉钠、头孢噻肟钠、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松钠、头孢呋辛钠、头孢噻吩、环丙沙星、磺苯咪唑青霉素、羧噻吩青霉素、替门汀、头孢哌酮钠。对铜绿假单胞菌耐药率低于50％的抗生素有：丁胺卡那霉素、头孢他啶、庆大霉素、亚胺培南、氧哌嗪青霉素。结论：老年气管切开不同时间痰铜绿假单胞菌对抗生素耐药率变化不大；气管切开患者铜绿假单胞菌对抗生素耐药较严重；耐药率较低的抗生素为亚胺培南、氧哌嗪青霉素、头孢他啶等。     

铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性分析

目的了解铜绿假单胞菌耐药性的情况，为临床提供药物治疗的依据。方法对我院2003～2005年检出的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性的变化进行统计分析。结果铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星、妥布霉索耐药率低，头孢曲松、复方新诺明、庆大霉素、头孢他啶耐药率高。结论加强对铜绿假单胞菌耐药性的动态监测，合理使用抗生素非常重要。     

我院2006—2012年铜绿假单胞菌的耐药分析

目的了解我院铜绿假单胞菌(PA)的耐药情况,给临床治疗提供依据。方法统计我院2006—2012年铜绿假单胞菌的耐药情况,进行回顾性比对分析。结果铜绿假单胞菌对抗生素的耐药菌株越来越多,对一些抗生素耐药率在提高。结论临床必须根据药敏结果,联合用药,合理疗程,才能控制多重耐药及泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌在临床蔓延。     

281株铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性分析

目的 了解铜绿假单胞菌在临床感染中的分布及耐药情况，以便临床合理选用抗生素。方法 采用微生物分析仪，鉴定及药敏。结果 铜绿假单胞菌引起呼吸道感染最多，伤口感染次之。铜绿假单胞菌至多重耐药，氨苄青霉素和头孢唑林的耐药率高达95％以上，头孢他啶的耐药率增加也较明显，从1999年的15％上升为2000年的46％和2001年的38％。氧氟沙星、阿米卡星的敏感性较好。亚胺培南仍是目前治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染较有效的抗生素，其耐药率在10％以下。结论 对铜绿假单胞菌的感染，最好根据药敏报告所提示的结果选择用药。     

46株铜绿假单胞菌在标本中的分布及耐药分析

铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonasaeuriginosa，PA）属革兰阴性杆菌，假单胞菌属，为条件致病菌，当机体免疫力低下时可引起多种感染。由于铜绿假单胞菌对多种抗生素耐药，给临床治疗造成极大困难。因此，加强对铜绿假单胞菌耐药性监测，及时了解其对不同抗菌药物的耐药率具有重要的意义及临床指导价值。现将我院2004年度从临床标本中分离的46株铜绿假单胞菌的耐药监测结果报告如下。     

分离自下呼吸道标本的胶黏型铜绿假单胞菌耐药性研究

目的了解我院分离的胶黏型铜绿假单胞菌的生长特点及耐药特性,探讨其耐药机制,为临床治疗选药提供依据。方法应用MicroscanA/S-4自动微生物鉴定/药敏测试系统测试胶黏型和非胶黏型铜绿假单胞菌对常用14种抗生素的耐药性,并进行统计分析。结果胶黏型铜绿假单胞菌对14种抗生素的耐药率为14%～37%,非胶黏型铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率为35%～77%。结论胶黏型铜绿假单胞菌不产生诱导酶(IB),在体外耐药性明显弱于非胶黏型铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性,但因其存在生物膜,体内用药时耐药率较高。     

铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的耐药性分析

目的 了解临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性及变迁。方法 对近5年分离出的1054株铜绿假单胞菌选用16种抗生素采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散进行药敏试验。按美国临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）标准诊断。结果 铜绿假单胞菌最敏感的抗生素是美罗培南（总耐药率15．5％），抗菌作用最差的是头孢曲松（总耐药率63．9％）。铜绿假单胞菌对抗生素的耐药性的变化呈逐年上升的趋势。结论 加强耐药性的检测。合理使用抗菌药物及采取有效控制措施控制铜绿假单胞菌的感染十分重要。     

铜绿假单胞菌耐药性监测研究

目的:观察和监测铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗生素的耐药变化,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法:连续检测2002年至2004年本院铜绿假单胞菌的耐药状况。药敏试验采用K-B纸片法,判定标准依据美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)标准。结果:铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗生素的耐药率有逐年升高趋势;对铜绿假单胞菌保持较高活性且耐药率<20%的抗生素有阿米卡星、亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、环丙沙星。结论:铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较高,对铜绿假单胞菌感染的治疗,可首选阿米卡星、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、环丙沙星等。     

113株铜绿假单胞菌感染分布及耐药分析

目的:了解铜绿假单胞菌感染在我院临床标本中的分布及耐药特点. 方法:分析2 640份临床感染标本中铜绿假单胞菌感染及其耐药性资料. 结果:分离出铜绿假单胞菌113株,总检出率为4.2%,其中烧伤创面分泌物铜绿假单胞菌检出率最高,喹诺酮类环丙沙星对铜绿假单胞菌敏感性最高达83%,青霉素类哌拉西林、三代头孢菌素及亚胺培南敏感率为71.2%;一、二代头孢菌素及复方磺胺甲咪(口恶)唑、氯霉素对铜绿假单胞菌不敏感,耐药率高达90%以上. 结论:警惕并重视铜绿假单胞菌感染,注意病原菌及耐药率的监测,规范抗生素应用,保持敏感抗生素的抗菌活性.     

重症监护病房铜绿假单胞菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解我院重症监护病房（ICU）铜绿假单胞菌的感染分布及耐药情况,为ICU治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染及控制院内感染提供依据。方法采用回顾性的方法统计分析2005—2008年我院ICU分离的铜绿假单胞菌分布及耐药状况。结果从1283份标本中分离出铜绿假单胞菌143株,总分离率11．15％。痰标本分离率最高（106株,占74．1％）,其次是伤口分泌物（23株,占16．1％）。该菌对多种抗生素耐药严重,对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、阿米卡星、氨曲南耐药率较低,分别为12．6％、15．4％、18．9％、26．6％、40．6％,对其他抗生素耐药率均达50％以上。结论我院ICU铜绿假单胞菌耐药率较高且呈逐年上升趋势,应重视铜绿假单胞菌的感染,动态检测铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性,指导临床合理使用抗生素,有效控制感染。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…