Diffusion-weighted Single-shot Echo Planar MR Imaging of Normal Human Prostate Using Different b Values

This study examined the effect of different b values on diffusion-weighted MR imaging （DWI） of human prostate by using single-shot spin echo echo planar imaging （SE-EPI） sequences, observed the normal appearances and measured apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values in anatomical regions of normal prostate. Twenty-four healthy volunteers （mean age： 32 y） were studied by using a 1.5T system with a phased array surface multicoil. Two kinds of single-shot SE-EPI sequence were used to perform DWI in the prostate in volunteers, with five b values being 0, 30, 300, 500 to 1000 s/mm2. The image quality with different imaging parameters was analyzed and the ADC values in anatomical regions of normal prostate were measured. DWI of prostate was successfully obtained in all volunteers. The images were of good quality, without artifacts containing pixels within the prostate. The contrast was good between the different anatomical regions of the prostatic gland, i.e., the peripheral zone （PZ）, which exhibited higher signal intensity, and the central gland （CG）. Signal intensity contrast was related to the magnitude of b values. The ADC values in PZ and CG were （1.27±0.22）×10-3 mm2/s and （1.01±0.17）×10-3 mm2/s,respectively. The ADC values were found to be significantly higher in PZ than in CG （P〈0.05, paired t-test）. Significant differences were found between the slice-selecting component and both the read-out and phase-encoding components of the ADC values. It is concluded that SE-EPI is a suitable DWI sequence for human prostate. The contrast between PZ and CG is good when b values are low, while the diffusion and ADC values are accurate when b values are high. ADC values are higher in PZ than in CG in normal prostate. Diffusional anisotropy is present in normal prostatic tissue.     

A computational model of the human glucose-insulin regulatory system

Objective：A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for a system of ordinary differential equations（ODEs）that represent the time course of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance test（GTT）in physiological studies is presented.The aim of this study was to explore how to interpret those laboratory glucose and insulin data as well as enhance the Ackerman mathematical model.Methods：Parameters estimation for a system of ODEs was performed by minimizing the sum of squared residuals（SSR）function,which quantifies the difference between theoretical model predictions and GTT＇s experimental observations.Our proposed perturbation search and multiple-shooting methods were applied during the estimating process.Results：Based on the Ackerman＇s published data,we estimated the key parameters by applying R-based iterative computer programs.As a result,the theoretically simulated curves perfectly matched the experimental data points.Our model showed that the estimated parameters,computed frequency and period values,were proven a good indicator of diabetes.Conclusion：The present paper introduces a computational algorithm to biomedical problems,particularly to endocrinology and metabolism fields,which involves two coupled differential equations with four parameters describing the glucose-insulin regulatory system that Ackerman proposed earlier.The enhanced approach may provide clinicians in endocrinology and metabolism field insight into the transition nature of human metabolic mechanism from normal to impaired glucose tolerance.     

Morphometric analysis of spinous cell in oral submucous fibrosis. Comparison with normal mucosa, leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma.

The morphometric analysis of the spinous cell in 16 specimens of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) was made by using interactive image analysis system (IBAS-II). 19 parameters of the size and shape were chosen, and compared with normal mucosa, leukoplakia, dysplasia and carcinoma. The results indicated that the cell dimensions (area, perimeter, all kinds of diameter) and nuclear cytoplasmic ratio in OSF were between normal mucosa and dysplasia as well as carcinoma. The former showed a progressive decrease (P<0.01), and the latter showed a progressive increase (P<0.01). The dimensions of the nuclei did not show considerable differences among the groups (P>0.05). A series of discriminant functions had been developed with stepwise discriminant analysis, the agreement ratio for OSF was 93.75%. The decrease of cell area and the increase of nuclear cytoplasmic ratio could reflect a malignant progress. The cell morphometric model could discriminate OSF well from other groups, suggesting that the change of the epith     

利用聚类分析方法研究大脑中动脉阻塞大鼠模型针灸参数对针灸疗效的影响

Objective： To investigate the influence of acupuncture parameters on the acupuncture effect through the cluster analysis in Wistar rat model with middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）. Methods： Duplicated MCAO models by Zea-longa＇s thread ligation and chose rats with 1-3 scores assessed by Zausinger＇s six-score method to be grouped. The rats were divided into 6 basic control groups [（including a normal group, a sham group, a model control group, a model group without intervention, a Nimodipine group, a lateral-to-Renzhong （DU6） group] and 6 acupuncture groups [a Neiguan （PC6） group, a Weizhong （BL40） group, a Sanyinjiao （SP6） group, a Chize （LU5） group, a Renzhong （DU6） group and a Feixue （non-acupoint） group]. In the acupuncture groups, for every acupoint or needling site, 9 different parameters [2 factors （frequency and time） and 3 levels （180, 120, and 60 cpm of the frequency and 5, 60, and 180 s of the time）] were set respectively by the orthogonal intersection method, in total 54 groups. The rats were treated by acupuncture with a lifting-thrusting manipulation once every 12 h, in total 6 times. Neurobehavioral scores, cerebral blood flow, infarction rate, microcirculation, light microscopy, etc. were measured. The factor analysis was first applied to get the comprehensive effect scores of the samples in the acupuncture groups and then by which the cluster analysis was made with the statistical software of SPSS17.0. Results： For the Neiguan （PC6） group, the exceptional results of acupuncture comprehensive effect were parameters 7, 8, 9, 10; the valid results were parameters 2, 3, 4, and the invalid were parameters 5, 6. For the Weizhong （BL40） group, the exceptional results were parameters 2, 4; the valid results were parameters 3, 5, 6, 7, and the invalid were parameters 8, 9, 10. For the Chize （LU5） group, the exceptional results were parameters 7, 8; the valid results were parameters 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10; and the invalid was parameter 2. For the Sanyinjiao （SP6） group, the exceptional results were parameters 4, 6; the valid results were parameters 2, 3, 5; and the invalid were parameters 7, 8, 9,10. For the Renzhong （DU6） group, the exceptional results were parameters 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10; the valid results were parameters 2, 5; and the invalid was parameter 8. For the Non-acupoint group, the exceptional result was parameter 10; the valid results were parameters 2, 3, 4, 7, 9; and the invalid were parameters 5, 6, 8. Conclusions： For each meridian acupoint, different acupuncture parameters could consequently get a different acupuncture effect; each meridian acupoint had the most suitable or optimal acupuncture parameters; acupuncture parameters might be the main factors impacting on acupuncture effect.     

Initial study of biexponential model of intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of the liver fibrosis

Background The diagnosis of liver fibrosis is a difficult task at any time using conventional clinical imaging.Intravoxel incoherent motion （IVIM） can be used to investigate both diffusion and perfusion changes in tissues.This study was designed to determine the value of IVIM in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis.Methods IVIM examinations were performed on a GE 3.0T MR scanner in 25 patients with liver fibrosis and 25 healthy volunteers as the control group.Patients with liver fibrosis diagnosis were confirmed by pathology and staged on a scale of F0-4.The standard ADC values and the values of a biexponential model （slow ADC （Dslow）,fast ADC （Dfast） and fraction of fast ADC （FF）） were measured in three liver regions per person.The mean standard ADC values,Dslow values,Dfast values and FF values from the study group were compared among the right posterior hepatic lobe,right anterior hepatic lobe and medial segment of the left lobe.Receiver Operating Characteristic （ROC） curves and independent-samples t-tests were used to calculate the mean standard ADC values,Dslow values,Dfast values and FF values from the study group and the control group.Spearman rho correlation analysis was used for the stage of liver fibrosis.The liver fibrosis stages between the groups F0-1 and F2-4,the groups F0-2 and F3-4 were compared.Results Among the liver fibrosis,there was no significant difference in the mean standard ADC values,Dslow values,Dfast values,and FF values obtained from the right posterior hepatic lobe,right anterior hepatic lobe and medial segment of the left lobe.Using ROC analysis,the Area Under the Curve （AUC） values of standard ADC,Dslow,Dfast,FF were all between 0.7 to 0.9.The mean standard ADC values,Dslow values,Dfast values and FF values of the liver in the study group were significantly lower than the values in the control group （P ＜0.05）.As the stage of the fibrosis increased,the values decreased by Spearman rho correlation analysis.The mean values （standard ADC,Dslo     

Effects of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel on protein kinase C pathway and airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in asthma

The effects of ATP-sensitive mitochondrial K + channel(mitoK ATP) on mitochondrial membrane potential(Δψm),cell proliferation and protein kinase C alpha(PKCα) expression in airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs) were investigated.Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were immunized with saline(controls) or ovalbumin(OVA) with alum(asthma models).ASMCs were cultured from the lung of control and asthma rats.ASMCs were treated with diazoxide(the potent activator of mitoK ATP) or 5-hydroxydencanote(5-HD,the inhibitor of mitoK ATP).Rhodamine-123(R-123) was used to detect Δψm.The expression of PKCα protein was examined by using Western blotting,while PKCα mRNA expression was detected by using real-time PCR.The proliferation of ASMCs was measured by MTT assay and cell cycle analysis.In diazoxide-treated normal ASMCs,the R-123 fluorescence intensity,protein and mRNA levels of PKCα,MTT A values and percentage of cells in S phase were markedly increased as compared with untreated controls.The ratio of G 0 /G 1 cells was decreased(P<0.05) in diazoxide-treated ASMCs from normal rats.However,there were no significant differences between the ASMCs from healthy rats treated with 5-HD and the normal control group.In untreated and diazoxide-treated ASMCs of asthmatic rats,the R-123 fluorescence intensity,protein and mRNA levels of PKCα,MTT A values and the percentage of cells in S phase were increased in comparison to the normal control group.Furthermore,in comparison to ASMCs from asthmatic rats,these values were considerably increased in asthmatic group treated with diazoxide(P<0.05).After exposure to 5-HD for 24 h,these values were decreased as compared with asthma control group(P<0.05).In ASMCs of asthma,the signal transduction pathway of PKCα may be involved in cell proliferation,which is induced by the opening of mitoK ATP and the depolarization of Δψm.     

Gait instability in patients with small acoustic neuroma

Background Small acoustic neuromas seldom result in typical vestibular symptoms, despite the tumor arising from the vestibular nerve. In this study, we have shown that abnormal gait in eleven patients with small acoustic neuroma could be detected in gait analysis by the use of tactile sensor. Patients displayed no oculomotor abnormality and had tumors less than 10 mm from the porus acoustics.Methods Gait related parameters including the coefficients of variations (CV) of stance, swing, double support, area ratio of trajectories of center of force (TCOF), in addition to the foot pressure difference between both feet, were used for assessment of gait.Results The CV of swing and the area ratio of TCOF were greater in patients than those in the control group (P ＜0.05).The values of these two parameters became greater under an eyes closed condition compared to eyes open (P＜0.05) in the patient group.Conclusion These results indicate that gait analysis may be helpful to assess vestibulospinal function of patients with small acoustic neuroma, the slight vestibular deficits of which can not be detected by visual observation.     

Effects of Lead Exposure on Porphyrin Metabolism Indicators in Smelter Workers

A study on the dose-effect relationship between blood lead level and FEP, ZPP, CPU, and ALAU among 250 lead smelter workers was conducted. A nonlinear regression model of a dose-effect relationship between blood lead and porphyrin metabolism indicators was established. The upper limit of normal values of these indicators were estimated from blood lead levels by these nonlinear regression equations. The diagnostic significance was evaluated by multiregression and discriminant analysis. This study would be helpful to the decisionmaking policy in revising the current diagnostic criteria for occupational lead poisoning.     

Validation of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for quantifying left and right ventricular volumes: an experimental study

Background Assessment of the left ventricular (LV) and the right ventricular (RV) volumes and their functions is important for prognostic prediction and clinical decision making. We compared the accuracy for quantifying the LV and the RV volumes in vitro between conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE). Methods The volumes of 37 rubber-models (10 regularly shaped to simulate normal LV, 7 shaped to simulate LV with symmetric aneurysm, 8 shaped to simulate LV with asymmetric aneurysm, and 12 irregularly shaped to simulate normal RV) and 10 excised canine hearts were measured by RT3DE and 2DE. On RT3DE “full volume” imaging, the inner-surfaces of the rubber-models and canine LV and RV were outlined and the volumes were measured using 2-, 4-, 8- and 16-plane methods with the RT3DE analysis software. On 2DE imaging, the volumes were measured by the Simpson method. The LV and RV volumes measured by drained water were served as reference values, with which we compared RT3DE and 2DE data.Results In rubber models mimicking normal LV and LV with symmetric aneurysms, RT3DE results were strongly correlated with reference values (r=0.795-0.998) and there was a good correlation between 2DE estimates and reference values (r=0.715-0.729). There were no significant differences between RT3DE estimates, 2DE results and reference values (P&gt;0.05). In rubber models mimicking the RV and LV with asymmetric aneurysm, RT3DE strongly correlated with reference values (r=0.765-0.988), but 2DE weakly correlated with reference values (r=0.518-0.592). There were no differences between RT3DE and reference values (P&gt;0.05), but a significant difference between 2DE and reference values occurred (P&lt;0.05). For excised canine hearts, there was a strong correlation between RT3DE and reference values (r=0.728-0.914), while 2DE showed a less obvious correlation (r=0.502-0.615). Again, there were no significant differences between RT3DE and reference values (P&gt;0.05), but there was a significant difference between 2DE and reference values (P&lt;0.05).Conclusions RT3DE can accurately quantify LV and RV volumes and provides a new tool to evaluate LV and RV function. For LV and RV measurements by RT3DE, 8-plane strategy is the optimum choice for accuracy and convenience.     

前交叉韧带重建手术前后的步态分析

目的 研究膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤及重建手术后步态特点及变化.方法 应用三维运动捕捉步态分析系统,对单侧前交叉韧带损伤应用四股胴绳肌腱进行重建的29例患者进行步态分析,前交叉韧带损伤患者自受伤到手术的平均时间为2.6个月(2周～16个月),分别于术前、术后3、6、9、12个月采集步态数据,同期采集58名健康人的步态数据并与之比较.受试对象按恒定速度(1.9 km/h)在运动平板上行走120 s,测量0°和15°时的步态数据,时空参数包括:步长、步宽;运动学数据包括:膝关节运动角度、膝关节角加速度、前交叉韧带移动数据(以胫骨沿前交叉韧带方向的位移表示).结果 本组29例前交叉韧带损伤患者术前及术后3个月均出现股四头肌逃避步态,术后3个月0°运动平板的时空参数与正常比较无明显差别,术后6个月15°倾斜运动平板的时空参数与正常比较无明显差别,术后9个月15°倾斜运动平板的运动学指标与正常比较差异无统计学意义.结论 应用四股腘绳肌腱进行前交叉韧带重建能够恢复膝关节正常的步态模式并表现出与时间相关趋势.运用步态分析的运动学数据对膝关节ACL损伤进行功能量化评价,可以更为准确的了解膝关节前交叉韧带损伤及重建术后的生物力学变化,为评定术后疗效、制定康复方案及评定疗效提供客观依据.     

Portable Activity Monitoring System for Temporal Parameters of Gait Cycles

A portable and wireless activity monitoring system was developed for the estimation of temporal gait parameters. The new system was built using three-axis accelerometers to automatically detect walking steps with various walking speeds. The accuracy of walking step-peak detection algorithm was assessed by using a running machine with variable speeds. To assess the consistency of gait parameter analysis system, estimated parameters, such as heel-contact and toe-off time based on accelerometers and footswitches were compared for consecutive 20 steps from 19 individual healthy subjects. Accelerometers and footswitches had high consistency in the temporal gait parameters. The stance, swing, single-limb support, and double-limb support time of gait cycle revealed ICCs values of 0.95, 0.93, 0.86, and 0.75 on the right and 0.96, 0.86, 0.93, 0.84 on the left, respectively. And the walking step-peak detection accuracy was 99.15% (±0.007) for the proposed method compared to 87.48% (±0.033) for a pedometer. Therefore, the proposed activity monitoring system proved to be a reliable and useful tool for identification of temporal gait parameters and walking pattern classification.     

自体髌腱与腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带后的步态分析

目的 观察膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤不同重建方式术后步态运动学变化规律.方法 应用三维运动捕捉步态分析系统(东方新锐DVMC-8801三维运动分析系统),对2006年3月至2007年3月因单侧前交叉韧带损伤应用自体中1/3骨-髌腱-骨(髌腱组)或四股胴绳肌腱(胭绳肌腱组)进行重建的各19例患者进行步态分析,分别于术前、术后3、6、9、12个月采集步态数据,同期采集19名健康人的步态数据并与之比较.受试对象按恒定速度(1.9 km/h)在运动平板上行走120 s,测量0°和15°时的步态数据,测量时空参数包括:步长、步宽;运动学数据包括:膝关节运动角度、膝关节角加速度.结果 两组38例前交叉韧带损伤患者术前及术后3个月均出现股四头肌逃避步态,术后6个月15°倾斜运动平板的时空参数与正常比较差异无统计学意义,术后9个月15°倾斜运动平板的运动学指标与正常比较差异无统计学意义;髌腱组术后6个月15°运动平板伸膝角加速度明显小于腘绳肌腱组,屈膝角加速度明显大于腘绳肌腱组.结论 腘绳肌腱或髌腱移植前交叉韧带重建,膝关节正常的步态模式表现与术后时间有相关性;两种重建方式术后早期存在的膝关节生物力学差异与移植物取材部位相关.     

脑白质疏松症患者步态障碍与认知损害的关系

目的 探讨脑白质疏松症(LA)患者步态障碍的特点及其与认知的关系.方法 选取42例LA患者作为LA组,另选择13例无LA正常老年人作为对照组(NC组),依据头颅MRI扫描结果,LA组按照Wahlund分级方法分为轻度(LA1)、中度(LA2)和重度(LA3)3组.对所有受试者进行神经心理学评估和步态测定.神经心理学评估采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)和剑桥老年认知检查表-中国修订版(CAMCOG-C).步态测定包括计时“起立-行走”测试(TUG)和P-WALK平板压力测试系统精确测量步长、步幅、步宽、步频、步速、单支撑相、双支撑相、步行周期等.比较LA组和NC组、LA各亚组与NC组间认知功能和步态参数,选取显著性差异指标进行相关及多元回归分析.结果 LA组患者MMSE评分及CAMCOG-C评分均显著低于NC组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.411,P=0.016;t=2.510,P=0.015);LA组患者较NC组TUG时间延长、步长、步幅缩短、步速减慢,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-3.269、-2.239、-2.219、-3.686,P =0.001、0.025、0.027、P＜0.001). LA各亚组与NC组比较:随LA程度增加,患者MMSE及CAM-COG-C评分降低,4组间差异有统计学意义(x2=11.051、4.870,P=0.011、0.005);各步态参数中,随LA程度增加,患者TUG时间延长、步长、步幅缩短、步速降低、步宽增加与步频增快以LA3组较为明显,四组间差异有统计学意义(x2=19.143、8.588、8.992、21.486、13.044、3.095,P＜0.001、0.035、0.029、＜0.001、0.005、0.035).对LA患者进行相关性分析显示,TUG与MMSE、CAMCOG-C评分呈负相关性(r=-0.399、-0.404,P=0.003、0.002),并与CAMCOG-C子项中记忆和执行呈负相关(r=-0.321、-0.433,P=0.021、0.001).步速与MMSE、CAMCOG-C评分呈正相关性(r=0.409、0.308,P=0.002),并与CAMCOG-C中执行功能呈正相关性(r =0.535,P＜0.001).校正LA等级分级后多元回归分析显示,步态参数与执行功能无相关性.结论 LA患者存在步态障碍,以步速降低最为显著;LA患者步态障碍与LA程度、认知功能损害有关.     

Biomechanical evaluation of foot pressure and loading force during gait in rheumatoid arthritic patients with and without foot orthosis

Foot orthoses are commonly used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to support the foot and relieve pain, however little is known about the biomechanical effects of in-shoe foot orthoses in reducing or redistributing high pressures and loading forces. The purpose of this study was to compare the foot pressures and loading forces during gait in rheumatoid arthritic patients and healthy subjects, and evaluate the biomechanical effects of the foot orthoses in the RA patients. Twelve female RA patients with foot pain in walking, all Steinbrocker class II, and 8 healthy women without foot pain were matched for age. Foot pressures and loading forces with and without orthoses were measured using the F-Scan program. The pressure distributions and loading forces were standardized by the body weight and compared, and the effects of the foot orthoses were evaluated. The foot orthoses of RA patients provided higher pressure reduction than those of the control group (3.00 +/- 0.38 g/cm2/BW and 3.29 +/- 0.29 g/cm2/BW respectively, p < 0.001). Similar redistribution of plantar pressures and loading forces were found between two groups but the RA patients had a greater change at the stance phase of gait (p < 0.0001). The foot orthosis produces greater pressure and loading force relief and redistribution in RA patients than in normal subjects.     

组织声学结构定量技术评估慢乙肝肝脏纤维化分级的研究价值

目的 评估组织声学结构定量技术( ASQ)与慢乙肝所致肝脏纤维化分级之间的关系. 方法 对90例明确肝脏病理穿刺结果的慢乙肝患者及60例健康志愿者进行腹部常规超声检查和ASQ检查,收集图像,每一幅图像选定规定感兴趣区( ROI) ,用ASQ分析软件脱机分析,比较分析其χ2 直方图,计算红色曲线众数( Redmode )、红色曲线均值( Re-dave)、红色曲线标准差( Redsd)、蓝色曲线众数( Bluemode)、蓝色曲线均值( Blueave)、蓝色曲线标准差( Bluesd)及红蓝曲线下面积比( FD ratio). 比较相应肝脏穿刺结果,经统计分析后,研究各项参数与肝脏穿刺肝纤维化分级结果的统计学差异. 结果 随着肝纤维化程度的增加,红蓝曲线分布由平滑、锐利变得粗糙、增宽,蓝色曲线下面积逐渐增大. 其中,Redmode在正常对照组与 S0-1、S1 组;S0-1 与 S1 组及S1-2与S2组之间差异无统计学意义,其余各组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 01). Redave在正常对照组与S0-1、S1组;S0-1与S1组及S1-2与S2组、S2-3组之间差异无统计学意义,其余各组之间差异均有统计学意义. Redsd、Blue-mode、Blueave及FD ratio在正常对照、S0-1、S1、S1-2、S2与S3组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 05),Bluesd在任意两组间差异均无统计学意义. 结论 ASQ技术作为一项无创性评价肝纤维化程度的技术,其红蓝曲线χ2 直方图及7个参数值对肝纤维化分级的评估具有重要价值,其中, Redmode及Redave参数意义最大.     

标准步态下骨盆三维有限元模型构建及其生物力学意义

目的:构建包含骨盆肌肉及头臼作用力的标准步态下骨盆三维有限元模型.方法:选择标准成年男性志愿者行骨盆CT扫描成像得到骨盆每层横截面图像,运用Mimics软件行三维重建,利用有限元分析软件PATRAN 2005R2构建髋臼三维有限元模型,并将标准步态中肌肉收缩力及头臼作用力也设计到该模型中.结果:所构建髋臼模型共划分为113 028个结点、137 524个单元,模型模拟了骨盆皮质骨、松质骨、关节软骨以及股骨头结构的材料特性. 所建模型结构完整,空间结构测量准确度高,单元划分精细,重点突出,尤其肌肉及头臼作用力加载模拟形象、逼真,客观反映髋臼真实解剖形态结构和生物力学特点.结论:构建的髋臼三维有限元模型为正常髋臼或异常髋臼力学研究提供可循模型.     

肝豆状核变性基因连锁图谱的研究

为寻找适于中国人Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ氏病（ＷＤ）基因连锁分析的遗传标记及制定ＷＤ基因所在区域的遗传图谱，我们应用Ｄ１３ｑ１４－２１区域４个ＤＮＡ标记对７５名无亲缘关系个体及９个ＷＤ家系成品进行连锁分析。结果发现４个ＤＮＡ标记中３个标记等位片段与白种人相同而杂合率相异，其中２个ＤＮＡ标记Ｄ１３Ｓ３１，Ｐ１２３Ｍ１．８与ＷＤ基因存在紧密连锁关系。其遗传顺序为：着丝点－Ｒｂ－Ｄ１３Ｓ３１－ＷＮＤ。     

脊柱侧凸常用步态特征评估参数应用及研究进展

脊柱侧凸是一种脊柱的三维畸形,其导致一系列健康问题,如疼痛、姿势异常、步行模式异常等。步态评估有助于评估脊柱畸形改变对患者生活质量和日常活动能力障碍。三维步态分析系统包含时空参数、运动学和动力学评估方法,为脊柱侧凸患者提供客观的、量化的步态分析方法。其中,表面肌电和能量监测反映脊柱侧凸患者与健康人相比步行时肌肉生理学和能量变化。本综述对脊柱侧凸的三维步态分析、表面肌电和能量监测的研究进行总结,以全面客观的反映脊柱侧凸患者步行的生物力学改变     

亲和纯化技术联合质谱鉴定与S100A8和S100A9相互作用的蛋白

目的：利用亲和纯化技术联合质谱分析筛选鉴定与S100A8和S100A9相互作用的蛋白,为探讨S100A8和 S100A9在结肠炎相关性结肠癌发生发展中的作用机制提供线索。方法：构建含有S100A8和S100A9 CDS区和Flag亲和标 签的真核表达载体p3×Flag-CMV-S100A8和p3×Flag-CMV-S100A9,将其转染至HEK293细胞中,48 h后收集蛋白。运用标 签分离纯化S100A8和S100A9蛋白,液相质谱/质谱分析技术(liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)鉴定S100A8和S100A9的相互作用蛋白,通过生物信息学的方法(GO分析)归纳分析相互作用蛋白,免疫共 沉淀实验鉴定S100A8和S100A9的相互作用蛋白。结果：通过标签纯化联合质谱分析成功鉴定出PKM,NPM1,eIF5A 等14个与S100A8相互作用的蛋白,鉴定出14-3-3ε,PKM等6个与S100A9相互作用的蛋白。对所鉴定的相互作用蛋白进 行生物信息学分析,发现与S100A8和S100A9相互作用的蛋白参与糖代谢、细胞黏附、正向调控NF-κB转录因子活性、 抗凋亡等在内的生物信号通路,并利用免疫共沉淀证实PKM2与S100A8和S100A9发生相互作用,14-3-3ε与S100A9发生 相互作用。结论：利用免疫共沉淀结合质谱技术筛选鉴定的S100A8和S100A9相互作用蛋白PKM2和14-3-3ε,可能为阐 明S100A8和S100A9在结肠炎相关性结肠癌发生发展中的作用机制提供重要线索。