稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系的免疫与生化标记分析

目的筛选稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系遗传质量检测标记。方法采用鳞片活体移植和同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系的遗传纯度进行检测。结果在免疫标记分析中,鳞片同体移植存活率为96.7%以上,野生群体移植存活率为7.4%,而HAN系F22鳞片异体移植的成功率为80%,显著高于野生群体。在生化标记分析中,在HAN系F22中无多态性位点,不同个体的同工酶谱呈现高度一致,在野生群体中有2个多态位点即est2和est3,多态位点的比例为15.56%。结论经过多代近亲交配,稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系生化标记基因已经纯合,鳞片异体移植存活率达到80%,表明HAN系具有较高的遗传均一性。选用鳞片的异体移植及酯酶和肌蛋白分别作为免疫和生化标记对稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系进行遗传质量检测是可行的。     

新型复合型生物多孔支架生物安全性初步评价

目的 对自制的新型复合型生物多孔支架进行体内、体外生物安全性实验研究,为该材料临床应用的安全性提供理论依据.方法 以自制的新型复合型生物多孔支架为实验组进行以下实验:①采用培养的L929系小鼠成纤维细胞株,以聚乙烯浸提液为阴性对照组,0.64%苯酚溶液为阳性对照组采用细胞观察法与MMT法进行细胞毒性实验.②30只小鼠随机分为3组,以生理盐水为阴性对照组,聚氯乙烯作为阳性对照组进行全身急性毒性实验.③聚乙烯作为阴性对照组,聚氯乙烯为阳性对照组,分别加入抗凝兔血后计算溶血率.结果 细胞毒性试验表明新型复合型生物多孔支架组细胞无明显细胞毒性.全身急性毒性实验实验组和阴性对照组的各指标数值差异无统计学意义,与阳性对照组差异有统计学意义.支架材料的溶血率为3.199%.结论 课题组自制的新型复合型生物多孔支架具有良好的生物相容性,是一种比较好的骨组织产品.     

化学物(药物)毒性测试替代体系的建立及应用

当前对化学物进行毒性评价的整体动物试验由于试验周期长、成本高,存在种属差异和剂量差异,导致其实验结果在预测人体毒性风险时受到一定的限制。本研究针对化学物安全性评价及风险评估所依赖的毒作用终点(遗传毒性、致癌性、生殖毒性、急性毒性、一般毒性),按照动物试验替代、减少、优化的"3R"原则,建立相应的毒性测试替代筛选体系。该体系涵盖毒性评价的绝大多数终点,并结合分子生物学技术对毒性试验进行整合,优化了多种动物试验操作方法,以期缩短实验周期、降低实验成本、提高动物福利。同时该体系是基于毒作用机制进行的毒性评价,因此试验结果具有较高的人体相关性。     

可降解生物材料聚已丙交酯的生物相容性研究

目的:对组织工程用细胞移植载体材料聚已丙交酯(PLGA)的生物相容性进行研究,为其应用的安全性提供依据。方法:对PLGA的生物相容性进行急性毒性实验、亚急性毒性实验、溶血试验及肌肉植入试验。结果:急性毒性实验术后PLGA组与对照组同性动物组间,体重差异性无显著性意义(P>0.05)。亚急性毒性实验同性动物组间,体重差异性无显著意义(P>0.05),心、肺、肝、脾、肾组织学检查未见组织和细胞的变性坏死。溶血试验PLGA组与对照组均无溶血,双蒸水组全部溶血。PLGA的溶血率为0.28%,小于公认的5%。肌肉植入试验PLGA组与丝线组炎性反应程度和包膜形成情况相似。结论:PLGA无毒性,无溶血作用,体内植入后与周围组织相容性良好。     

2010—2013年聚合酶链反应室间质量评价回顾性分析

<正>近年来荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)是迅速发展的检测病毒复制的一种方法,我室作为2009年新成立的PCR检验室,相比其他已经成熟的实验室,做好实验室的质量控制尤为重要。PCR室的质量控制分为两大部分:室内质量控制和室间质量评价。室内质量控制主要监测实验室的连续性和稳定性,是提高检验灵敏度及准确率的重要方法之一[1,2],室间质量评价是通过实验室间的比对,观察各实验结果的准确     

几种实验用鱼的研究现状

综述了斑马鱼、青鳉、鮈鲫、河鲀、红鲫以及剑尾鱼等6种小型鱼在血液学、遗传学、环境科学、发育生物学以及分子生物学等方面的研究现状,并对具有实验用鱼开发前景的野生白缘yang的生物学特征进行了评估.     

可降解生物材料聚已丙交酯的生物相容性研究

目的：对组织工程用细胞移植载体材料聚已丙交酯（PLGA）的生物相容性进行研究,为其应用的安全性提供依据。方法：对PLGA的生物相容性进行急性毒性实验、亚急性毒性实验、溶血试验及肌肉植入试验。结果：急性毒性实验术后PLGA组与对照组同性动物组间,体重差异性无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。亚急性毒性实验同性动物组间,体重差异性无显著意义（P〉0．05）,心、肺、肝、脾、肾组织学检查未见组织和细胞的变性坏死。溶血试验PLGA组与对照组均无溶血,双蒸水组全部溶血。PLGA的溶血率为0．28％,小于公认的5％。肌肉植入试验PLGA组与丝线组炎性反应程度和包膜形成情况相似。结论：PLGA无毒性,无溶血作用,体内植入后与周围组织相容性良好。     

醋酸地塞米松双层缓释贴膜的生物安全性评价

目的：评价醋酸地塞米松双层缓释贴膜的生物安全性，方法：采用该贴膜分别进行细胞毒性实验，溶血实验、急性毒性实验（小鼠）和口腔粘膜刺激实验（新西兰白兔），结果：该贴膜无明显的细胞毒性作用；急性毒性实验结果无毒，溶血率为0．46％，口腔粘膜刺激实验结果，实验且与阴性对照组无显著性差异，结论：醋酸地塞米松双层贴膜具有良好的生物安全性。     

化学品鱼类急性毒性的决策树及替代试验

化学品大量使用给人类健康和生态环境带来危害,鱼类急性毒性试验是生态环境评价的基本方法.为适应3R原则和动物福利要求,有必要建立化学品急性毒性的决策树判定程序,运用细胞,组织和胚胎体外培养模型及数学模型,或者应用多种体外系统的组合试验策略进行风险决策.体外方法是传统动物试验的有益补充和代替,可用于化学品生态毒性筛查、评估和作用机制的研究.     

低酚棉籽仁生药资源的研究：Ⅱ.致突变性和生殖毒性试验

低酚棉籽仁（GCK）资源的毒理学研究表明急性毒性和长期毒性试验均为阴性结果[1]。我们继续将GCK的致突变性和生殖毒性的试验结果报告如下。1实验材料1．IGCK和实验动物；除文中专述外均同前文’“。1．2Ames试验的突变菌株；鼠伤寒按门氏菌S。lmOneilatyphimu。um的突变株TAI。。、TA98、TAI。2、TA。7共《种菌株，来自美国Am7S氏实验室，由上海医科大学环境卫生学教研室保存和提供测试。2试验方法’‘－’‘与结果ZIAmes试验：用二甲亚巩（DMSO）溶剂提取GCK，按照。lmLDMSO提取液含GCK量为1、10、100、500、1000、5000…     

cDNA微阵列分析人apoE4转基因鼠肾脏基因表达谱的变化

目的研究人apoE4转基因鼠肾脏的基因表达谱变化.方法分别提取人apoE4转基因鼠和正常C57BL/6J小鼠的肾脏总RNA,经逆转录合成cDNA探针后分别与鼠cDNA表达点阵杂交,再用ESTblot软件进行分析,并用Northern印迹证明基因表达的改变.结果人apoE4转基因鼠肾脏中有38个基因的mRNA表达升高,22个基因的mRNA表达降低.其中血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶前体、视黄酸γ受体和白介素5受体等基因的表达明显增加.B-raf原癌基因、促红细胞生成素受体、整联蛋白α4的基因表达显著降低.Northern杂交证明转基因鼠肾脏的c-Jun基因表达升高.结论人apoE4转基因鼠肾脏的c-Jun、血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶前体、白介素5受体等基因的表达增加;促红细胞生成素受体、整联蛋白α4等基因的表达减少.     

稀有鮈鲫封闭群Ihb：IHB生长和繁殖性能的监测

目的 对一年内在我校隔离检疫的不同来源的39批实验鼠进行病原体检测,分析各类疫病感染的规律,进一步完善隔离检疫系统.方法 依照国家标准GB 14922.2-2011和GB 14922.1-2011进行检测,以细菌鉴定试剂盒法为补充.结果 整体合格率为79.49％,其中来自国外动物检测合格率为100％（7批次来自美国,1批次来自日本）;来源为国内共31个批次合格率为74.19％,其中病毒检出率为9.68％,致病菌检出率为25.81％,寄生虫检出率25.81％.结论 国内来源动物背景复杂,质量有待提高.隔离检疫和实验自检室可有效阻止外来实验动物所携带病原微生物对动物设施可能带来的危害.     

The impact of the quality of laboratory staff on the accuracy of laboratory results

This study tests the premise that laboratories employing medical technologists certified by the Board of Registry of the American Society of Clinical Pathologists (MT[ASCP]) produce more accurate laboratory test results, as measured by the College of American Pathologists proficiency tests. Licensed laboratories in Illinois provided the sample. An accuracy score on the College of American Pathologists proficiency tests was calculated for each laboratory. The accuracy score of a subgroup of laboratories employing all (100%) certified medical technologists was compared with the accuracy score of a subgroup of laboratories employing only noncertified medical technologists. Those laboratories employing only certified medical technologists had a mean accuracy score of 95% (SD = 4%), while laboratories employing only noncertified medical technologists had a mean accuracy score of 75% (SD = 30%). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify differences between the two groups of laboratories. A difference in the accuracy scores between the two groups of laboratories was statistically discernible. Since most laboratories employ some certified medical technologists, a second analysis considered the relationship of the proportion of certified medical technologists employed in the laboratory and accuracy on College of American Pathologists proficiency tests. A significant positive Spearman rs correlation confirmed a relationship between employing a higher proportion of certified medical technologists and accuracy of test results.     

Antibody testing in Lyme disease. A comparison of results in four laboratories

To evaluate the interlaboratory and intralaboratory agreement in the performance of Lyme disease serological testing, we sent serum specimens from 132 outdoor workers in New Jersey to as many as four independent laboratories. These included one state department of health laboratory, one large commercial laboratory, and two research laboratories. The measurement of agreement employed, the kappa statistic, ranged from .45 to .53 among the four laboratories and from .50 to .54 within the commercial laboratory. These values represent low levels of agreement. The data suggest that Lyme disease serological testing procedures should be standardized so that Lyme disease test results are more comparable between laboratories.     

实验小鼠肾匀浆中酯酶-3的实验室测定能力验证结果评价

[摘要] 目的 通过实验小鼠肾匀浆中酯酶-3项目的检测比对,了解全国实验动物质量检测实验室的水平,促进各实验室加强质控。方法 按照CNAS批准的能力验证方案,制备样品并将稳定性和均匀性合格的样品作为能力验证样品,进行随机编号,随作业指导书一起发放给参加单位。在规定时限提交检验报告和原始记录复印件,其结果与样品预检结果完全一致的判为优秀结果;除杂合型判定以外的结果均一致的判定为满意结果,否则判为不满意结果。结果 共10个实验室报名参加本次比对试验,其中优秀结果0个实验室;满意结果的有9个实验室,占参加比对实验室的90.0%;不满意结果1个实验室,占参加比对实验室的10.0%。结论 本次能力验证项目反映了各参与实验室在实验小鼠肾匀浆中酯酶-3的总体检测能力较高,但检测细节及部分实验室技术水平还有待提高。     

A microtitration agglutination test for detecting group E streptococcus infection in swine

A microtitration agglutination test was developed and evaluated for detecting infection of swine with group E streptococci type IV, the most common causative agent of streptococcic lymphadenitis of swine.Whole cell agglutinogens representing group and type antigens of group E streptococci were tested in the microtitration agglutination test against reference antisera to Streptococcus groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G. H, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and U, as well as specific antisera to types II, IV and V of group E. Group E specific agglutinogens were unsatisfactory in the microtitration agglutination test because of cross reactions with group P and U antisera and because of poor reproducibility of the test. Type specific agglutinogens of group E streptococci reacted only with their respective homologous antisera and not with any heterologous group antisera. None of the group E streptococci agglutinogens reacted with 52 normal swine sera.Agglutinogen made from group E streptococci type IV was selected for further evaluation in the microtitration agglutination test because group E streptococci types II and V are considered to be of minor importance in the etiology of streptococcic lymphadenitis of swine. Swine experimentally infected with a type IV strain developed significant titers in the microtitration agglutination test. All swine tested negative before exposure and seroconverted (titer >/=4) two to six weeks postexposure.The microtitration agglutination test was used by two different laboratories to test 187 duplicate samples of serum from infected swine. A total of 94.1% of the tests were read at either the same titer (48.1%) or a difference of not more than one dilution (46.0%) at the two laboratories. There was disagreement between the two laboratories in the test-positive test-negative status of 19 of the sera (10.2%). Titers of two of the sera differed by two dilutions (<4 at one laboratory and 8 at the other). The remaining 17 sera differed in titer by only one dilution (<4 at one laboratory and 4 at the other).     

提高生化检测结果准确性的研究进展

近年来随着检验医学的发展和对检测质量要求的提高,人们开始认识和关注检测系统的重要性。目前,国际上特别强调使用固定组合的检测系统——"封闭系统",其检验结果具有溯源性和可比性。然而,国内实验室大多使用不同的检测系统(封闭系统、开放系统)测定相同检验项目,致使开放系统检验结果的准确性、溯源性与封闭系统的结果不一致性。这是一个极大的现实问题,也是目前检验界关注和讨论的热点。现就如何提高开放检测系统生化结果的准确性予以综述。     

Physician performance of laboratory tests in self-service facilities. Residents' perceptions and performance

Primary care physicians perform simple laboratory tests in clinical practice, frequently with little formal training. To determine the frequency of tests that are performed and evaluate house officer laboratory skills, we surveyed house officer attitudes and tested their ability to perform four common laboratory tests. We received 193 responses from 254 house officers at one university teaching hospital. While most perceived the need to use ward laboratories (ie, self-service laboratories located on patient care wards), 67% used them infrequently. Barriers included poor laboratory condition, inadequate time, accuracy, and infectious exposure concerns. Twenty-four percent felt they did not know or were unsure if they knew how to perform simple tests. Forty-seven house officers completed the practical examination. Most accurately reported a spun hematocrit and correctly identified white blood cell findings on a blood smear. Only 50% counted 100 cells. Urinary dipstick interpretation was generally acceptable but the microscopic examination was less accurate. Twenty-three percent failed to identify gram-negative rods on a slide with both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods. If physicians are to perform selected laboratory tests, these data suggest, at least in one institution, more formal training, practice, and evaluation are necessary to ensure their performance with adequate proficiency.     

水生实验动物的研究与开发应用——小型淡水鱼类对毒物的敏感性试验

本文报导了几种小型淡水鱼类对毒物的敏感性试验;试验结果,小型淡水鱼类对金属毒物和有机磷农药的敏感性较强,作为毒性实验动物的选育对象的可行性值得研究;金鱼(Carassiusauratus)对镉的毒性有明显的形态特征,作为环境毒理学和肿瘤学等特定研究目的的水生实验动物的选育品种,定向纯化培育,建立水生实验动物的繁育体系是很值得考虑的.