Meta分析的常见偏倚

Meta分析本质上是一种观察性研究，偏倚对：Meta分析结果的真实性和可靠性有很大影响。该文详细介绍了Meta分析中抽样偏倚、选择偏倚和研究内偏倚等三类偏倚的产生原因及减少各种偏倚的常用手段与方法，重点讨论了发表偏倚的识别和控制。     

我国“循证”冠名杂志刊载干预类系统评价/Meta分析的统计学现状调查

目的：调查我国“循证”冠名杂志发表的干预类系统评价/Meta 分析统计学软件和统计学分析方法现状。方法以《中国循证医学杂志》、《循证医学》、《中国循证儿科杂志》、《中国循证心血管医学杂志》4本杂志官方网站为数据来源,根据纳入排除标准,纳入干预类的系统评价/Meta分析/荟萃分析/系统综述,检索时间截止2011年12月31日。2名研究者独立提取资料,并输入Excel软件分析。结果共纳入干预类系统评价/Meta分析487篇,RevMan为最常用的统计学软件（445篇,91．38％）,其次为Stata（13篇,2．67％）。92．81％（452篇）系统评价/Meta 分析使用1种统计软件,1．64％（8篇）使用2种统计软件,5．54％（27篇）未报告使用的统计软件。统计学分析方法的描述和执行情况存在结果部分和方法学部分的报告率不等,尤其体现在敏感性分析、亚组分析和发表偏倚的评价,且其本身的报告比例并不高。结论调查显示RevMan是目前我国干预类系统评价/Meta分析的首选统计软件;正确地执行敏感性分析、亚组分析及评估发表偏倚可有效地避免各种偏倚。     

应用漏斗图识别发表性偏倚的效率研究

目的 在Meta分析中,发表性偏倚的存在常常会导致对效应量的过高估计,漏斗图是目前较常用的用以识别发表性偏倚的方法之一,本研究通过对发表性偏倚的可能性来源与漏斗图工作原理的深入探讨,对漏斗图判断发表性偏倚的效率进行评价.方法 采用问卷调查的形式,计算准确度(AC)、正确指数(Youden's in-dex)等指标.结果 实验组A、B、c三型问卷的平均准确度分别为52.3%、57.5%、62.2%,对照组分别为51.2%、54.6%、60.1%.两组比较差别无统计学意义.结论 用漏斗图方法来识别发表性偏倚效率低且易得出错误结论.     

漏斗图的绘制与不对称检验在Stata中的实现

漏斗图是一种在Meta分析过程中评价发表偏倚及其他偏倚的可视化方法。以文献为例,介绍了Stata绘制漏斗图及不对称检验的各种方法。     

Egger＇s test与Begg＇s test的功效差异比较与原因分析

目的比较Meta分析中Egger’s test、Begg’s test方法在检测发表偏倚时的功效（检验效能）差异并探讨其原因。方法收集28篇相关文献建立数据库,采用倾向性缺失手段产生11份新的Meta分析资料样本,然后行Egger’s test、Begg’s test检验其发表偏倚,比较结果的差异,并同时做纳入研究的异质性和样本含量的正态性检验,寻找影响发表偏倚检验功效的因素。结果①11个倾向性缺失样本中,Begg’s test有5项的P值小于0．05,而Egger’s test的P值都大于0．27;②异质性检验P值全部小于0．05,正态性检验有9项P值小于0．05。结论①倾向性缺失导致发表偏倚,此时Begg’s test较Egger’s test更容易检出发表偏倚的真实情况,而Egger’s test的检验效能此时并不高;②导致Egger’s test对发表偏倚的检验效能下降的可能因素有样本含量非正态和异质性等。     

中文肿瘤学干预类Meta分析论文摘要报告质量评价分析

目的：以中华医学会肿瘤学期刊为例,评价中文肿瘤学干预类Meta分析摘要报告质量,并分析影响摘要报告质量的因素。方法：利用中国知网（CNKI）检索中华医学会肿瘤学期刊发表的干预类Meta分析论文,并收集论文的特征信息,将PRISMA-A声明的12个条目评价纳入论文的摘要报告质量,通过单因素和多因素分析探究影响摘要报告质量的关键因素。结果：共纳入147篇肿瘤干预类Meta分析论文,PRISMA-A的摘要评价总分平均为8.32±1.06分,有7个条目的报告率在85.00%以上,报告率最低的3个条目是关于基金（0.00%）、注册（0.00%）和偏倚风险评估方法（12.24%）的说明。摘要报告的高低质量组在来源期刊及摘要字数方面有显著差异（P<0.01）。多因素分析结果表明,摘要字数为影响报告质量的独立因素（P=0.002）。结论：中华医学会肿瘤学期刊发表的中文肿瘤干预类Meta分析摘要中,大部分信息条目的报告率较高,但对基金、注册和偏倚风险评估方法的报告率有待提高。适当增加摘要字数是改善摘要报告质量的一项有效措施。     

用失安全系数判断发表偏倚的效果及对策

目的:探讨Meta分析中用失安全系数(Nfs)判断发表偏倚的效果,并提出相应的对策。方法:检索公开发表的Meta分析论文,提取每篇论文Nfs、纳入文献的篇数k,分析Nfs与k的相关性,并同时以漏斗图来考评Nfs评价发表偏倚的优劣。结果:Nfs与k显著正相关(rs=0.713,P0.01);Nfs和漏斗图在评价发表偏倚结果方面无差异,但一致率仅为67.5%。结论:Nfs受纳入文献篇数影响明显,单用Nfs判断发表偏倚效果欠佳,建议将其用于敏感性分析去评价Meta分析结果的稳定性。     

PRISMA声明在评价《循证医学》刊载的干预类系统评价/荟萃分析报告质量中的应用

目的：评价PRISMA声明对发表于《循证医学》杂志的干预类系统评价/Meta分析报告质量的影响。方法：根据 纳入排除标准,纳入2001-2011年发表于《循证医学》的干预性试验系统评价/Meta分析,采用PRISMA量表对纳入系统评价/Meta分析进行评价 ,用Meta Analyst软件进行统计分析。结果：共纳入70个系统评价/Meta分析,涉及14个疾病谱。PRISMA的发布和高校作者发表的系统评 价/Meta分析,可以提高其报告质量（P<0.05）,基金资助和作者数量对文献报告质量影响不大。结论：发表于《循证医学》杂志的系统评 价/Meta分析在文献检索、筛选、偏倚评估和其他分析方法等方面亟待改善,报告质量有待提高。PRISMA的发布可在整体上改善系统评价/Meta 分析的报告质量。     

Egger''s test与Begg''s test的功效差异比较与原因分析

目的 比较Meta分析中Egger's test、Begg's test方法在检测发表偏倚时的功效(检验效能)差异并探讨其原因.方法 收集28篇相关文献建立数据库,采用倾向性缺失手段产生11份新的Meta分析资料样本,然后行Egger'stest、Begg's test检验其发表偏倚,比较结果的差异,并同时做纳入研究的异质性和样本含量的正态性检验,寻找影响发表偏倚检验功效的因素.结果 ①11个倾向性缺失样本中,Begg's test有5项的P值小于0.05,而Egger's test的P值都大于0.27;②异质性检验P值全部小于0.05,正态性检验有9项P值小于0.05.结论 ①倾向性缺失导致发表偏倚,此时Begg's test较Egger's test更容易检出发表偏倚的真实情况,而Egger's test的检验效能此时并不高;②导致Egger's test对发表偏倚的检验效能下降的可能因素有样本含量非正态和异质性等.     

中国人群肿瘤坏死因子α基因-308A/G多态性与哮喘易感性的Meta分析

目的利用Meta分析探讨中国人群肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）基因-308A/G多态性位点与哮喘易感性关系。方法检索PubMed,Medline（Ovid）,EMbase,ScienceDirect,Springer,CNKI,万方,维普数据库,收集研究中国人群TNF-α-308A/G多态性位点与哮喘易感性的文献进行Meta分析。利用Revman4.2软件和STATA10.0软件进行统计学分析。结果根据纳入排除标准,总计纳入9篇文献进行研究,累计病例和对照数分别为1361例和1360例。TNF-α突变基因型（AA＋AG）个体得哮喘发病风险为野生型GG个体的1.47倍（95%CI：1.09～1.97,P=0.01）。发表偏倚评估未发现明显的发表偏倚,敏感性分析显示meta分析结果可信。结论 TNF-α-308A/G多态性位点与中国人群哮喘易感性密切相关,突变基因型携带者的哮喘发病风险较高。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…