丹参酮ⅡA长循环固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其理化性质研究

制备丹参酮ⅡA长循环固体脂质纳米粒（TA-LSLN）并考察其理化性质。方法：以乳化，溶剂挥发法制备丹参酮ⅡA固体脂质纳米粒，测定其粒径、Zeta电位和药物包封率，以透射电镜观察纳米粒形态，考察了纳米粒的稳定性，并进行TA-LSLN的体外释放试验。结果：纳米粒平均粒径为107．6nm，Zeta电位为-34．5mV，包封率为82．3％。4℃放置1个月粒径和包封率无变化。体外释药试验表明TA-LSLN开始阶段释放较快，10h时释放了41％，之后缓慢释放；体外释药结果符合Weibull方程。结论：制备的TA-LSLN平均粒径和包封率较为理想，能使药物缓慢释放。     

胰岛素多肽固体脂质纳米粒的制备与理化性质研究

目的该课题选用水溶性多肽类药物,以生物相容性好的脂质为主体材料,制备固体脂质纳米粒。方法采用溶剂扩散法制备单硬脂酸甘油脂纳米粒,以胰岛素(ISULIN)为模型药物。研究纳米粒的理化性质,以微粒粒度与zeta电位测定仪测定其粒径分布、表面电位;高效液相法测定了药物包封率;考察载药纳米粒的体外释放特性;以4种不同比例的硬脂酸、油酸和单硬脂酸甘油脂,通过溶剂扩散法制备混合脂质纳米粒,考察混合脂质纳米粒的理化性质、包封率和体外释放特性。结果用水性溶剂扩散法可简便快速制备得到单硬脂酸甘油酷固体脂质纳米粒,纳米粒粒径呈单峰分布,体均粒径(435.3±121.6)nm,表面电位-(20.7±1.6)mV。采用HPLC测定,药物的包封率68.2%。体外释放研究结果显示,INSULIN-SLN在前8h快速释放了纳米粒所载药物的28.4%,随后每天以3.7%的速率持续释放。结论采用单硬脂酸甘油醋、硬脂酸、油酸混合脂质处方,并不显著影响纳米粒的粒径、表面电位和药物的包封率。油酸的加入,可在一定程度上增加药物的释放。     

紫杉醇固体脂质纳米粒的制备和质量评价

目的 利用超声分散法制备紫杉醇固体脂质纳米粒,并考察其稳定性.方法 以稳定性、Zeta电位、粒径、包封率为考察指标筛选制备工艺,对超声时间、超声功率、脂质材料和助乳化剂的用量做了详细的考察.结果 通过单因素及正交试验确定最佳处方为:脂质骨架单硬脂酸甘油酯(100/150 mg)、乳化剂豆磷脂(100 mg)、助乳化剂Pluronic F68-聚山梨酯80(2:1),在(75±5) ℃下乳化,之后以功率300 W进行超声,时间为20 min.结论 本实验成功地将紫杉醇装载进固体脂质纳米粒中,纳米粒在胶体分散液中分散均匀,稳定性良好.此制备工艺安全、可靠,有很大的应用前景.     

鬼臼毒素硬脂酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的为提高鬼臼毒素(PPT)制剂的疗效,降低毒副作用,以硬脂酸为载体材料制备PPT固体脂质纳米粒。方法采用改良的微乳技术制备PPT固体脂质纳米粒;用透射电镜考察了纳米粒的形态;用高效液相色谱法测定PPT固体脂质纳米粒的包封率。结果PPT固体脂质纳米粒基本呈圆球状或椭圆球状,粒径为(56.5±25.8)nm,包封率85.6%。结论PPT固体脂质纳米粒包封率高,粒径分布较均匀,具有较好的稳定性,是有希望的表皮靶向制剂。     

淫羊藿苷脂固体质纳米粒制备工艺的优化及其体外释放研究

目的淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒制备方法及处方研究并考察其体外释放情况。方法采用超声分散与高温融溶低温固化结合法制备淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒,考察大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、投药量、PEG-2000、F-68的用量对包封率、载药量的影响以确定出较优处方配比;用HPLC测定了淫羊藿苷溶液及固体脂质纳米粒在30%甲醇PBS溶液中的体外释放百分率。结果制得的淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒包封率为（98.07±0.15）%,载药量为（6.47±0.14）%;在30%甲醇PBS溶液,淫羊藿苷溶液9 h释放99.97%;淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒72 h累积释放89.75%。结论通过改进后的制备方法优化处方制得固体脂质纳米粒具有较高包封率和载药量,淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒可使淫羊藿苷具有良好的缓释效果。     

紫杉醇mPEG-PLGA纳米粒的制备及其抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 探讨负载紫杉醇的聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚乳酸-乙醇酸(mPEG-PLGA)亲性嵌段共聚物纳米粒及其对肝癌H22细胞的体内抗肿瘤作用.方法 采用界面沉积法制备紫杉醇mPEG-PLGA纳米粒(Ptx-Nps);应用透射电镜表征纳米粒的形态;粒径分析仪测其粒径及Zeta电位;研究mPEG在共聚物中的含量及紫杉醇投药量对纳米粒的影响;考察纳米粒对昆明小鼠肝癌H22的疗效和过敏实验.结果 Ptx-Nps成球型,粒径为纳米级(＜120 nm),均带负电荷(适合于静脉注射),与紫杉醇注射液(Ptx)相比,Ptx-Nps对肝癌H22的抑制作用比Ptx好.结论 采用界面沉积法制备的纳米粒在紫杉醇投药量为1%,mPEG含量为4%时包封率最佳,本研究为开发紫杉醇新型静脉注射制剂提供了实验依据,mPEG-PLGA共聚物可成为抗肿瘤药物的理想新型载体.     

姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒制备及体外释放的研究

[目的]以单硬脂酸甘油酯为载体材料制备姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒及其体外释放行为的研究。[方法]采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒,高速离心法测其包封率,激光粒径仪测定其粒径、电位,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其性质,采用透析法考察固体脂质纳米粒中姜黄素的体外释放行为。[结果]姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径为(89.24±2.06)nm,Zeta电位为(-18.77±1.27)m V,药物平均包封率为(89.55±1.84)%,DSC结果表明其理化性质稳定可靠,体外12 h累计释放率为(43.12±1.02)%。[结论]制备的姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒粒径小且分布均匀,具有良好的缓释作用。     

具有肝靶向功能的半乳糖化紫杉醇长循环纳米脂质体抑瘤作用研究

目的 构建靶向肝癌的紫杉醇长循环纳米脂质体,改善紫杉醇的体内分布,提高其安全性和抑瘤作用.方法 以新型半乳糖化胆固醇,(5-胆甾烯-3β-氧基)4-氧代-4- [2-乳糖酰胺基乙氨基]丁酸酯(CHS-ED-LA)为肝靶向辅料,采用硫酸铵梯度法制备紫杉醇普通脂质体和半乳糖化脂质体,并测定其包封率和物理性状.构建肝癌细胞HepG2的荷瘤裸鼠模型,分别尾静脉注射紫杉醇注射液(商品名为泰素)、紫杉醇普通脂质体和半乳糖化脂质体,分析它们在体内的药代动力学、组织分布及抑瘤作用.另外,分别将昆明小鼠尾静脉注射秦素、紫杉醇普通脂质体和半乳糖化脂质体,观察各药物的最大耐受量(MTD).结果 成功构建主动靶向肝癌组织的紫杉醇长循环纳米脂质体,包封率为92％以上,透射电子显微镜下观察其外观摹本呈圆整状且均匀分散,紫杉醇普通脂质体和半乳糖化脂质体的粒径分别为(78.5±27.8) nm和(88.6±32.5) nm.药物动力学结果表明,紫杉醇脂质体剂型相比泰素有较好的长循环作用,且紫杉醇普通脂质体和半乳糖化脂质体的药代动力学参数无明显差异.组织分布检测显示,半乳糖化脂质体的肿瘤组织靶向效率较紫杉醇普通脂质体及泰素均有提高,而其他器官中药物分布相对降低.紫杉醇脂质体2个剂型的最大耐受量均高于泰素.体内抑瘤实验结果显示,以相同的紫杉醇剂量给药,半乳糖化脂质体相比紫杉醇普通脂质体及泰素,其抑瘤作用更明显(P＜0.05);且半乳糖化脂质体以低剂量给药或延长给药间隔,均能达到优于紫杉醇普通脂质体及泰素的抑瘤作用.结论 本研究构建的靶向肝癌的紫杉醇长循环纳米脂质体能改善紫杉酵传统剂型的药物动力学和组织分布,提高了紫杉醇在体内的安全性和抑瘤作用.     

麦角甾苷眼用固体脂质纳米粒制备及其体外释药的研究

[目的] 研究麦角甾苷眼用固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法及其体外释放的情况。[方法] 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒,超滤离心法测其包封率,并对其粒径、电位、进行进一步考察,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其性质,采用透析法考察固体脂质纳米粒中麦角甾苷的体外释放行为。[结果] 麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径为85.56 nm,Zeta 电位约为-20.97 mV,药物平均包封率为88.31 %,DSC 表明其理化性质稳定可靠,体外12 h 累计释放率62.46 %。[结论] 制备的麦角甾苷固体脂质纳米粒包封率较高,粒径小且分布均匀,有良好的缓释作用。     

5-氟尿嘧啶PLGA纳米粒的制备及其体内外释药研究

目的:以生物可降解材料乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)制备5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)纳米粒,并对其进行体内外释药研究。方法:采用复乳-溶剂挥发法结合高压均质法制备5-FU-PLGA纳米粒。用透射电镜观察纳米粒的形态,并对5-FU-PL-GA纳米粒的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率和体内外释药进行了研究。结果:制得的5-FU-PLGA纳米粒为类球形实体粒子,平均粒径为85.4 nm,载药量为10.6%,包封率为52.7%,体外释药符合Higuchi方程:Q=5.851 6t1/2+8.735(r=0.9923)。5-FU水溶液组在体内半衰期(t1/2)仅为0.36 h,tmax为0.26 h,AUC为18.15μg.h/mL,而同剂量的5-FU-PLGA纳米粒在体内t1/2为2.35 h,tmax为1.13 h,AUC为41.09μg.h/mL。结论:制得的5-FU-PLGA纳米粒可改变5-FU体内的药代动力学行为,延长5-FU在体内的循环时间,具有明显的缓释作用,口服吸收好,生物利用度有明显提高。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…