NMP与ROP相结合制备PCL-b-PSt共聚物及其性能研究

以4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基（HTEMPO）为引发剂,通过ε-己内酯（ε-CL）的开环聚合,合成末端基为氮氧自由基的聚己内酯 （PCL-T）。在其调控下,进行过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）引发苯乙烯（St）的自由基聚合,合成结构规整的聚己内酯-b-聚苯乙烯（PCL-b-PSt）共聚物。用氢核磁共振（1H-NMR）、电子自旋共振（ESR）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC） 和热重分析（TGA）等手段对聚合物的结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明：氮氧自由基的存在不影响ε-CL的开环聚合,异辛酸亚锡（Sn(Oct)2） 对ε-CL开环聚合的催化作用也对氮氧自由基无破坏性;在PCL-T的调控下,通过St的聚合可合成结构规整的PCL-b-PSt共聚物,且聚合过程具有“活性”聚合的特征;PCL-b-PSt共聚物的热稳定性高于PCL均聚物的热稳定性。     

用阴离子聚合合成聚苯乙烯-聚二烯烃-聚ε—己内酯三嵌段共聚物的研究

70℃,环己烷溶剂中。在丁基鋰引发下。以逐步加料法合成了聚苯乙烯-聚二烯烃-聚ε-己内酯ABC型三嵌段共聚物。ε-己内酯单体聚合时伴随有聚ε-己内酯嵌段的降解反应。为了使ε-己内酯嵌段具有一定的长度,必须严格控制它的聚合反应时间。在三嵌段共聚物中证明存在有微观相的分离。     

pH响应聚己内酯的合成及其性质的研究

目的 研究pH响应聚己内酯的合成及其性质.方法 首先利用开环聚合合成聚己内酯(PCL),然后与溴异丁酰溴进行酯化反应合成引发剂(PCL-Br),利用原子转移自由基聚合制备PCL-b-PDMAEMA,并且利用核磁共振波谱对产物进行结构表征和聚合物胶束的性质研究.结果 通过胶束的粒径与Zeta电位随pH的变化,表明PCL-b-PDMAEMA具有良好的pH响应性.结论 PCL-b-PDMAEMA能够形成稳定胶束,可用作能够响应肿瘤弱酸性环境的药物载体.     

pH响应聚己内酯的合成及其性质的研究

目的 研究pH响应聚己内酯的合成及其性质.方法 首先利用开环聚合合成聚己内酯(PCL),然后与溴异丁酰溴进行酯化反应合成引发剂(PCL-Br),利用原子转移自由基聚合制备PCL-b-PDMAEMA,并且利用核磁共振波谱对产物进行结构表征和聚合物胶束的性质研究.结果 通过胶束的粒径与Zeta电位随pH的变化,表明PCL-b-PDMAEMA具有良好的pH响应性.结论 PCL-b-PDMAEMA能够形成稳定胶束,可用作能够响应肿瘤弱酸性环境的药物载体.     

基于星型聚4-甲基-ε-己内酯的光交联网络合成与性能表征

采用季戊四醇（PE）引发4-甲基-ε-己内酯（MeCL）单体开环聚合,得到一系列具有四臂拓扑结构的星型聚4-甲基-ε-己内酯（PMCL）,再以丙烯酰氯对PMCL末端羟基进行双键化改性,得到端基双键化星型预聚物,该预聚物与光引发剂混合后可在紫外照射下交联成型。通过¹H-NMR、GPC和旋转流变仪表征了PMCL预聚物的微观结构和流变性质。研究表明：成功制备了PMCL预聚物,聚合反应可控,且通过改变臂长可调节预聚物的流变特性。此外,随着预聚物臂长的增加,交联样品的模量下降但断裂伸长率有显著提高。     

中性Zn配合物催化环酯聚合的研究

目的探讨中性Zn金属配合物对环酯开环聚合的影响。方法以取代吡啶醛、芳香胺和Zn Cl2为原料,合成和表征一系列具有不同位阻和不同电子效应取代基的吡啶亚胺类配合物,并将这些配合物用于催化ε-己内酯聚合,考察该催化剂体系位阻效应和电子效应对ε-己内酯聚合的催化性能影响。结果配体芳环上邻位位阻对催化活性的影响很大,位阻小则活性高;间位上的位阻保护了活性中心,使催化剂的热稳定性增加;当间位引入强吸电子基团时,活性显著增加。结论该类催化剂合成简单、成本低廉、热稳定性好,可作为进一步开发聚己内酯的研究基础,并具有潜在的应用价值。     

PCL-PEG-PCL嵌段共聚物的合成与性能

研究了氮气保护下，以辛酸亚锡和聚乙二醇为共引发剂，引发ε－己内酯的开环聚合反应。在聚乙二醇（PEG）链段分子量保持不变的情况下，全盛了不同分子量聚己丙酯链段的PCL－PEG－PCL三嵌段共聚物，以及不同分子量PEG链段而聚己内酯链段相同的嵌段共聚物。采用GPC、DSC、FTIR、^1H-NMR及吸水性测试等分析手段表征了共聚物的结构和性能。结果表明聚合反应为可控反应，可通过调整聚乙二醇与ε－己内酯的比例来控制聚合物的分子量；聚乙二醇组分的引入有效地改善了聚合物的亲水性，并破坏了其结晶性。     

酶-有机金属催化合成阳离子聚己内酯

首先以4-甲酸苄基哌啶内酯（NPIL）为原料,采用钯碳（Pd-C）催化加氢脱保护的方法合成了4-哌啶内酯单体（PIL）;然后以苯甲醇为引发剂,分别采用酶（Novozym 435）和异辛酸亚锡（Sn（Oct）₂）催化己内酯（CL）和PIL开环聚合,制备了阳离子共聚物聚（4-哌啶内酯）-co-聚己内酯（P（PIL-co-CL））。通过核磁共振氢谱（¹H-NMR）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）等方法对共聚物的结构组成、数均分子量以及热性能等进行了表征。结果表明：成功制备了阳离子聚合物P（PIL-co-CL）,相较于有机金属催化剂Sn（Oct）₂,固定化酶Novozym 435催化内酯开环聚合表现出聚合可控且无副反应的优点。     

温敏性嵌段共聚物纳米胶束的制备及其稳定性

通过N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAAm)在链转移剂巯基乙醇存在下的自由基共聚,制备了具有端羟基的共聚物P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm).利用其端羟基在异辛酸亚锡催化下引发己内酯开环聚合,得到了两亲性嵌段共聚物P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PCL,并在聚己内酯(PCL)链末端引入可光催化反应的不饱和双键.通过1H-NMR、GPC和相转变温度(LCST)等方法对聚合物进行了结构表征,测定了嵌段共聚物形成胶束的临界胶束浓度和胶束粒径,比较了核交联前后胶束的粒径和稳定性.结果表明:通过调节共聚物的组成,可获得LCST在40℃附近的胶束,胶束经核交联后,粒径有所减小,但稳定性明显提高,可用于对药物的温敏控制释放.     

聚己内酯/介孔二氧化硅杂化材料的制备及表征

利用环氧丙醇对介孔二氧化硅SBA 15的表面进行碳羟基修饰,然后以此为引发剂,异辛酸亚锡为催化剂,分别引发己内酯（CL）及氨基甲酸苄基酯 ε 己内酯（CABCL）单体的开环聚合,成功地制备了杂化材料聚己内酯/SBA 15（PCL/SBA 15）和聚4 氨基甲酸苄基酯己内酯/SBA 15（PCABCL/SBA 15）,酸解去除PCABCL/SBA 15的保护基团甲酸苄酯（Cbz）后得到聚氨基己内酯/SBA 15（PACL/SBA 15）。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、N2吸附 脱附实验和热重分析（TGA）等手段研究了材料的结构变化、反应时间和空间位阻效应对接枝量的影响等。结果表明：聚合物的修饰未对介孔结构产生影响;PCL的接枝量可以通过聚合反应时间进行控制;对PACL/SBA 15而言,因CABCL中Cbz的位阻效应导致接枝量较小;Zeta电位分析的结果证明聚氨基己内酯的修饰改变了二氧化硅表面的电荷性质。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…