B亚型SHIVSF162p3中国恒河猴小剂量多次阴道黏膜感染

目的模拟HIV性传播感染特点进行中国恒河猴阴道黏膜小剂量多次感染研究,为我国艾滋病疫苗有效性评价提供新的模型构建思路。方法选用20-30TCID50剂量的SHIVSF162p3病毒阴道黏膜途径感染六只成年雌性中国恒河猴,共感染13次,每次攻毒间隔4～7 d。采取测定血浆病毒载量和外周血CD4+∶CD8+。结果 6只中国恒河猴经13次病毒攻击后,经检测均建立系统性感染,血浆病毒载量呈阳性;CD4+∶CD8+均有下降。结论成功建立了中国恒河猴阴道黏膜小剂量多次感染模型,为艾滋病研究提供了新的更接近于自然感染状态的模型建立模式。     

体内CD8~+T细胞剔除对无症状期SHIV感染猴的影响

目的 CD8+T细胞在一些病毒感染疾病的免疫反应中起着重要的作用,但CD8+T细胞在HIV无症状期的作用尚不明确,本研究通过体内CD8+T细胞剔除,研究CD8+T细胞对SHIV感染猴的影响,进一步了解艾滋病的发病机制。方法选择8只SHIV病毒感染的恒河猴,均处于无症状期,随机分成两组,实验组4只恒河猴在0、3、7 d注射抗CD8+T抗体cM-T807,不同的时间取外周血、腹股沟淋巴结。流式细胞术测定恒河猴外周血和淋巴结中CD8+T细胞数目,Real-time RT-PCR法测定实验猴血浆病毒载量,并使用IFN-γElispot方法测定其对猴细胞免疫的影响。结果 CD8+T细胞敲除后,4只猴的病毒载量都转阳,但反应性不一,HIV-1的靶细胞CD4+T细胞有轻微下降,后反弹,与病毒载量无相关性;CD8敲除猴的感染情况(血浆病毒载量和CD4细胞)比SHIV病毒急性感染轻,这与ELIPOT结果一致。结论 CD8+T细胞在HIV无症状期发挥重要的作用,但其作用具有个体差别。     

艾可清对猴艾滋病模型的治疗作用

[目的]应用猴艾滋病模型评价艾可清治疗艾滋病的效果.[方法]以猴免疫缺陷病毒SIVmac239感染12只恒河猴,复制猴艾滋病模型后分为3组:SIV对照组,艾可清高、低剂量组(剂量分别为445.5、148.5 mg·kg-1·d-1),感染l0周后开始给药.给药8周后停药观察8周.每4周采集外周静脉血,进行外周血CD4+...     

CXCR4嗜性SHIVKU-1病毒静脉感染中国恒河猴初步研究

目的了解SHIVKU-1静脉途径感染中国恒河猴的感染特点及进展规律。方法两只健康中国恒河猴,静脉感染SHIVKU-1病毒,定期采样检测血浆病毒载量、CD4+/CD8+比值、CD4+T细胞绝对数变化和血清中抗SHIVKU-1特异性IgG抗体水平。多色流式技术分析外周血、腹股沟淋巴结和十二指肠粘膜固有层CD4+T淋巴细胞记忆细胞亚群变化。结果两只实验猴成功感染SHIVKU-1病毒,一直到感染后3个月均保持稳定水平的病毒载量。外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞下降明显,CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值严重倒置。CD4+Tcm细胞比例在经历了感染早期的下降后,大幅升高,尤其是外周血和淋巴结。CD4+Tem则在粘膜固有层中增加明显。结论 SHIVKU-1静脉途径成功感染了中国恒河猴,为SHIV/中国恒河猴疾病及评价模型的建立奠定了良好的基础,为今后使用此模型评价抗病毒药物或疫苗提供了条件。     

灵芝制剂治疗猴获得性免疫缺陷综合征的疗效观察

目的 初步观察灵芝制剂治疗猴获得性免疫缺陷综合征(SAIDS)的疗效.方法 以5只成年雌性中国恒河猴为研究对象,经直肠感染猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)SIVmac239株,17个月后经实验室检查证实SAIDS造模成功.给予其中3只每日口服1次灵芝制剂,共8个月,整个实验时间为1年.对照组2只猴不服药.结果 治疗组猴#393,对照猴#361、#348分别死于实验开始后3.5、6、11个月,尸检显示为艾滋病后期和机会性感染,治疗组猴#374和#381存活至实验结束.治疗组猴#374的外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞在治疗后6个月较治疗前上升30%,其后有些波动.治疗组猴的血浆病毒载量在治疗过程中逐渐下降达1 log10,对照组猴的病毒载量没有下降.病理检查结果显示,治疗组猴出现淋巴组织免疫重建、胸腺再生、海马回神经细胞新生,脑垂体、松果体、甲状腺、肾上腺和卵巢等内分泌器官在形态学上均恢复趋向常态;对照组猴则表现为淋巴结耗竭、脾脏萎缩、胸腺消失,内分泌器官处于高-中度萎缩,甚至衰竭状态.结论 灵芝制剂可能对SAIDS猴的免疫、神经和内分泌系统具有一定的保护作用.     

中国恒河猴SIVmac239艾滋病模型急性期的试验观察

【目的】复制猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)mac239中国恒河猴艾滋病模型,观察该动物模型急性期的变化特征,为中国恒河猴动物模型应用于艾滋病研究的标准化建立补充急性期变化内容。【方法】对15只健康中国恒河猴进行静脉接种SIVmac239病毒株复制中国恒河猴艾滋病动物模型,观察感染后10周内体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、病毒载量、T淋巴细胞亚群指标变化情况及临床症状。【结果】健康恒河猴接种病毒株后10周内体质量及BMI指数比较稳定,各时间点比较无显著差异,其变化特征与艾滋病消耗综合症时期不同。感染第3天采用荧光定量PCR法检测,结果显示:在感染第10～14天病毒载量达到高峰,此后整体表现为水平波动下降趋势。T淋巴细胞亚群在感染后出现显著改变,其中CD3%、CD3计数整体表现为波动上升趋势;CD4%与CD4计数变化并不一致,感染后CD4%出现下降趋势,但CD4计数却出现增加趋势;CD8%、CD8计数均表现为波动上升趋势;CD4/CD8比值于感染后2周内明显下降,一般在病毒载量高峰时表现为最低比值,随后比值缓慢波动上升。感染10周内共有3只感染猴临床症状明显,其中1只出现腹泻、2只出现摄食下降等临床症状。【结论】中国恒河猴艾滋病动物模型与国外印度恒河猴艾滋病动物模型急性期相似,可用作急性期艾滋病模型动物。     

SHIV1157ipd3N4中国恒河猴细胞适应株静脉感染中国恒河猴有效浓度的确定

目的 确定SHIV1157ipd3N4静脉途径感染中国恒河猴的有效病毒浓度,明确SHIV1157ipd3N4感染实验猴体内病毒复制和免疫损伤情况.方法 10只正常中国恒河猴分成6组,分别用10倍系列稀释的病毒液1 mL静脉感染,测定血浆病毒载量,CD4+/CD8+,CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对数,分析感染后恒河猴体内病毒复制...     

猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)在艾滋病模型恒河猴组织中的分布和载量测定

目的研究当艾滋病恒河猴模型的血浆病毒载量处于低水平或阴性时,猴免疫缺陷病毒（simian immunodeficiency viruses,SIV）在宿主组织中的分布情况。方法SIVmac251感染恒河猴10只,定期检测其血浆载量,感染病毒平均高峰时间第14天时,活检取淋巴结。选取感染18个月后病毒载量最低水平和阴性的2只艾滋病猴（SAIDS）,经安死术后取淋巴结、脾、肝、肺、肾、脑等组织,用原位杂交和实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测病毒在组织中的分布和组织中的病毒载量。结果感染后14d,10只猴血浆病毒载量达到10^7copies/mL,淋巴结组织病毒载量为10^5-10^8copies/g,原位杂交方法在腹股沟淋巴结中检测到强阳性斑点。感染后第18个月的2只猴,血浆病毒载量下降并维持不高于10^2copies/mL水平或阴性,但组织分布不尽相同,在肠系膜淋巴结、肾上腺、海马回、空肠、脾脏等组织中检测到10^5-10^6copies/g的病毒载量,于一只猴的脑积液中检测到10^3copies/mL的病毒载量。用原位杂交的方法在肠系膜淋巴结和空肠中检测到强阳性斑点,其它组织中未检测到阳性斑点。结论实验证实SAIDS猴在血浆病毒载量低甚至阴性时,病毒在不同组织中仍有分布,有些组织中甚至出现高病毒载量,提示在制备SIV/SAIDS模型中,尤其在药物筛选和疫苗评价时,应考虑组织病毒载量指标的测定和药物、疫苗对组织病毒的治疗清除作用的评价。     

中药注射液喘可治对艾滋病猴模型Th17和Treg平衡的影响

【目的】研究温阳补肾中药注射液喘可治对艾滋病模型猴辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞(Th17/Treg)平衡的影响。【方法】选用12只猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)慢性感染的中国恒河猴,分别连续给予肌肉注射喘可治(治疗组,剂量为0.4 mg·kg-1·d-1)及生理盐水(对照组)2个月;于治疗前、治疗第4周和第8周分别检测SIV病毒载量,采用流式细胞仪分析外周血CD4、CD8、Th17(CD4+IL-17A+)和Treg(CD25+FoxP3+)细胞动态变化。【结果】喘可治对病毒载量,CD4、CD8细胞数无明显影响,可使CD25+FoxP3+和CD25+FoxP3-细胞显著减少(P0.05),CD4+IL-17A+显著减少(P0.05),Th17/Treg比值略降低。【结论】喘可治可同时降低SIV慢性感染猴外周血的Th17和Treg细胞水平。     

SHIV-KB9感染中国恒河猴的实验研究

目的研究SHIV-KB9感染中国恒河猴的可能性,确定其有效病毒浓度,明确实验猴感染SHIV-KB9后的病毒复制和免疫反应情况,建立SHIV/SAIDS模型,并确定、完善SHIV/SAIDS模型评价指标。方法实验前采集猴血清并进行血清学检查。选出6只无SIV、STLV、SRV/D和B病毒感染的恒河猴,分别用10倍系列稀释的病毒液静脉感染实验猴,使用流式细胞术、血常规检测、病毒分离、DNA-PCR和RT-PCR等方法确定实验猴是否被感染,以及感染后恒河猴体内病毒复制和免疫细胞损伤情况,持续测定3个月。结果实验猴的血浆病毒载量、病毒分离结果、CD4+/CD8+比值和CD4+细胞数等证实,4.8×106copies/mL以上浓度的SHIV-KB9病毒液能成功感染中国恒河猴。结论SHIV-KB9成功感染中国恒河猴为进一步建立SHIV/SAIDS模型奠定了良好的实验基础,为使用此模型评价抗病毒药物或疫苗提供了条件。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…