去白细胞血液的制备与质控

目的：去除白细胞，减少输血性传播疾病的发生，降低输血反应的发生。方法：采用一次性去白细胞滤器，将采集合格全血中的白细胞去除。结果：过滤后白细胞的清除率为99．99％，红细胞的回收率为90％以上。结论：去除血液中的白细胞能使输血更加安全。     

去白细胞血制品在晚期恶性肿瘤患者的应用

目的：探讨白细胞滤除技术在肿瘤患者输血中的应用及疗效。方法：取24小时内采集的红细胞悬液,采用带滤器的3联袋在层流室内滤除白细胞,分别对反复输血晚期恶性肿瘤患者输注悬浮少白细胞红细胞（观察组）及未过滤悬浮红细胞（对照组）,观察2组输血反应率及输血疗效。结果：悬浮红细胞过滤后对白细胞的滤除率为99．9％,红细胞回收率为93．0％。2组输血疗效无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;观察组输血后发热反应率低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：白细胞过滤器能高效地滤除白细胞和血小板,能显著降低非溶血发热性输血反应、能有效防止输血性免疫抑制的发生。晚期恶性肿瘤患者需要输血时应选择输成分血,有条件的更应选择输少白细胞红细胞悬液。     

去除白细胞输血的临床意义

目的:评估去除白细胞输血的临床应用价值。方法:251例患者接受了去除白细胞红细胞悬液761U,(每人1￣8U不等),对其中200U红细胞悬液滤除白细胞前、后分别进行白细胞计数和血红蛋白测定,并对其输血反应进行了观察。结果:发现应用白细胞滤器后,其白细胞数比过滤前显著减低,过滤前、后白细胞数分别为(6.16±1.44)×109/L与(0.12±0.10)×109/L(P<0.01),血红蛋白过滤前、后无显著性差异,分别为:(161.58±23.31)g/L与(157.84±22.35)g/L,P>0.05。251例接受去白细胞受血者均未出现输血反应。结论:白细胞滤器能有效去除白细胞,去除白细胞能减少非溶血性输血反应。     

国产白细胞滤器使用情况的效果评价

目的：探讨目前国产的几种白细胞滤器在使用过程中的白细胞清除率、红细胞回收率及红细胞平均数指标的变化。方法：应用F-820血细胞计数仪和Nageotte计数法测定过滤前后血液中自细胞浓度、红细胞浓度及红细胞平均数指标MCV、MCH、MCHC,并计算出白细胞平均滤除率,红细胞回收率和过滤前后红细胞平均数指标MCV、MCH、MCHC的变化。结果：国产白细胞滤器白细胞平均滤除率99．72％;红细胞回收率87．29％;红细胞平均数指标过滤前后没有显著性变化。结论：国产白细胞滤器在试用过程中能够滤除绝大多数白细胞,但国产滤器的红细胞回收率还有待进一步提高。     

去除白细胞在临床输血中的应用现状

目的探讨应用白细胞过滤器对全血或SAGM（氯化钠-腺嘌呤-葡萄糖-甘露醇）悬浮红细胞进行白细胞去除，比较白细胞去除前后血液的质量及临床应用现状，预防非溶血性输血反应。方法将全血或悬浮红细胞使用白细胞过滤器去除白细胞，采用血细胞计数仪来分析白细胞去除和红细胞回收情况，并且比较去除白细胞组与未去除白细胞组发生的临床非溶血性输血反应率。结果在400ml全血或悬浮红细胞中白细胞去除率〉99％（99．26％～99．41％），红细胞回收率〉90％（90．97％～92．32％），血红蛋白回收率〉99％（99．62％～99．84％）血小板去除率〉38％（38．11％～39．89％）非溶血性输血反应发生率为0．35％，较未去白细胞组发生的非溶血性输血反应发生率4．1％明显降低，两者比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论经过去除白细胞的血液成分制品能显著降低非溶血性反应率、白细胞携带病毒相关疾病的传播、由HLA抗体引起同种免疫反应，真正满足了临床输血的需要。     

滤除白细胞血液的质量评价和临床疗效观察

目的探讨白细胞（WBC）滤器过滤悬浮红细胞（RBC）时对血液质量的影响及滤除WBC悬浮RBC的临床疗效。方法随机测定30份滤除WBC悬浮RBC血液的RBC回收率、血小板（PLT）过滤率、WBC滤除率、RBC渗透脆性，并统计分析临床患者输注滤除WBC血液后的输血反应发生率。结果采用WBC滤器过滤法RBC回收率为91．9％，PLT过滤率99．5％，WBC清除率99．96％，滤前和滤后比RBC渗透脆性无统计学差异（P〉0．05），临床患者输用滤除WBC血液后，非溶血性输血反应发生率显著减少（P〈0．01）。结论采用WBC滤器过滤血液后不影响RBC质量，滤除WBC和PLT效率高，能显著降低非溶血性输血反应的发生率，提高临床输血质量和输血安全，节约血液用量。     

白细胞过滤器的临床应用

目的研究白细胞过滤器过滤前后，供者血液有关参数的变化及临床输血反应的比较。方法取充分混匀的过滤前、后血袋内血样各3mL。分别用库尔特血细胞计数仪计数红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板，白细胞则用人工镜下计数，同时观察临床是否出现输血反应。计量资料采用配对t检验，计数资料采用x^2检验。同时计算出红细胞回收卒、白细胞去除率及血小板去除率，三者之间的相关性采用直线回归分析。结果过滤后白细胞去除率平均为98．4％，红细胞回收率平均为99．1％，血小板去除率平均为96.3％，过滤后血红蛋白过较滤前平均降0．94g／L。红细胞回收率与白细胞去除率、血小板去除率的相关系数r分别为0．173（P〉0．05）和0．139（P〉0．05），差异均无相关性。滤白细胞组与未滤白细胞组的输血反应率用x^2检验（x^2=76．1〉x0.012=6．63，P〈0．01），两者差异有显著性，前者明显低于后者。结论医院输血去除白细胞是安全输血的有效途经和措施，是防止医院输血后感染的科学性和实用性技术，应作为常规项目普遍运用。     

红细胞悬液使用白细胞过滤器的实验报告

目的 :滤除血液中的白细胞 ,防止输血反应。方法 :使用南京赛尔金BCL - 2 0 0型白细胞滤器 ,过滤储存前红细胞悬液中的白细胞 ,并比较过滤前后Hb、游离Hb、K 及红细胞渗透脆性。结果 :2 7份标本白细胞滤除率平均为 99.2 % ,红细胞回收率平均为 92 .4 % ,过滤前后Hb、游离Hb、K 及渗透脆性均无明显差异 ,而用此过滤器血小板亦去除 93.3%。结论 :从以上结果认为 ,白细胞过滤器可用于去除红细胞悬液中的白细胞 ,但不能用于浓缩血小板的白细胞去除。     

国产白细胞滤器过滤30份样本的结果分析

目的：验证国产白细胞滤器的过滤效果。方法：使用中国输血研究所研制的白细胞滤器，过滤两单位的红细胞悬液，检测过滤前后的白细胞数。红细胞渗透脆性，血浆游离血红蛋白，计算白细胞去除率。红细胞回收率。观察过滤后血液临床输注的不良反应。结果：该滤器的白细胞去除率平均为99.8%。红细胞回收率平均为93.4%。血浆游离血红蛋白无显著改变。红细胞渗透脆性无改变，未观察到临床不良反应。结论：该白细胞滤器白细胞去除率高，红细胞回收率高，对红细胞本身破坏小，操作简便，是一种较好的白细胞滤器，值得临床推广应用。     

白细胞滤器在机采血小板输注中的临床应用

摘要：目的：探讨白细胞滤除在肿瘤、血液病患者输血治疗中的作用,进一步证实白细胞过滤的临床应用价值。方法：回顾2005年~2007年我院肿瘤和血液病患者使用滤白机采血小板的情况,并通过发热性非溶血性输血反应率、血小板有效输注及24h校正血小板计数增加值（CCI）与未进行白细胞滤除的机采血小板输注相比较。结果：过滤机采血小板和未过滤机采血小板组发热性非溶血性输血反应（FNHTR）发生率存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;过滤机采血小板和未过滤机采血小板组的血小板输注有效率差异无显著性（P>0.05）,24hCCI值差异无显著性（P>0.05）。结论：白细胞滤器能有效地减少机采血小板的非溶血性输血反应,且不影响输注效果。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…