Prevalence of low back pain among soldiers at an army base

Background  Low back pain (LBP) is a major medical and social problem among working populations and is associated with high medical expense, loss of productivity, and disability. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of LBP among soldiers and evaluate the possible causative factors in military training. The results may provide an insight into changes needed in military training that will reduce the occurrence of LBP among soldiers.

Methods  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a group of young soldiers in China to estimate the prevalence of LBP and evaluate possible causative factors in military training.

Results  The survey was distributed to 1659 soldiers, of whom 1624 responded. LBP was reported by 425 of the 1624 (26.2%) soldiers. The prevalence of LBP was higher in the armored force (51.3%) than in the artillery (27.5%) or infantry (11.9%). A multivariate logical regression analysis identified night training, 5 km cross-country race, and grenade-throwing training as military training risk factors for LBP.

Conclusions  The relatively high incidence of LBP among soldiers was related to night training, 5 km racing, and grenade throwing. Modifications in these training methods should enhance the health of recruits and lower the incidence of LBP.

     

The effect of military training on anxiety symptoms in Chinese recruits

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in army recruits and the effect of military training on anxiety.Methods A cluster sampling of 1431 new army recruits was conducted.The anxiety level of recruits was determined by Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) and Adult EPQ questionnaires prior to,one month after,and two months after entering basic military training.Self compiled biographic variables of the recruits were collected before the training.Results The highest BAI score(32.71±7.87) was observed 2 days before training,followed by 1 month after training(31.49±7.75) and 2 months after training(29.87±6.95).BAI score before training correlated with neuroticism and extraversion of recruits,the psychological trauma,suicide feeling and frequency of exercise before recruiting.A significant decrease in the percentage of severe symptom of wobbliness in legs,instability to relax,racing heart,dizziness,fear of the worst happening and trembling hands was observed after 1 month and/or 2 months of military training.Conclusion A higher BAI score and percentage of severe anxiety symptoms were observed before the training which correlated with psychological characteristics of recruits as well as the psychological experience before entering training.A combination of early psychological interference and physical exercise could reduce the anxiety.     

Domestic abuse on women in China before, during, and after pregnancy

Background Some researchers found that partner-perpetrated physical violence increased in frequency and severity during the postpartum period compared with the antenatal period, however, limited data exists describing abuse of women in China. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of abuse in China before, during, and after pregnancy, and explore possible factors related to abuse. Methods A community-based face-to-face survey of a representative group of women who had a child aged 6 to 18 months in 32 communities of Tianjin, Liaoning, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces was carried out between November 1,2001 and February 28, 2002. Results The prevalence of domestic abuse (emotional, sexual, or physical) occurring in any period (before, during, or after pregnancy) was 12.6%. The prevalence of abuse during the approximate 9 months of pregnancy (4.3%) was relatively lower compared with the prevalence of abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy (9. 1%) and after delivery (8.3%) during the mean 11-month postpartum period studied. Abuse before pregnancy was a strong risk factor for abuse during pregnancy and abuse after pregnancy, and abuse during any previous period was a strong risk factor for subsequent abuse. Many women who suffered abuse of any kind generally experienced multiple acts over time and most acts were not severe. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with abuse during pregnancy included women previously witnessing domestic violence, a poor relationship with the panner, socioeconomic level, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Conclusions It is necessary to do in-depth training and to raise awareness of panner abuse among all health professionals. Routine screening of abuse in maternity clinics is advocated to decrease the adverse impact of abuse on women and fetuses.     

Impact of a Bundle on Prevention and Control of Healthcare associated Infections in Intensive Care Unit

Inpatients in the intensive care unit(ICU) are at high risk for healthcare-associated infections(HAIs). In the current study, a bundle of interventions and measures for preventing and controlling HAIs were developed and implemented in the ICU by trained personnel, and the impact of the bundle was evaluated. The incidence of HAIs, the adjusted daily incidence of HAIs and the incidence of three types of catheter-related infections before and after the bundle implementation were compared. The execution rate of the bundle for preventing and controlling ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) was increased from 82.06% in 2012 to 96.88% in 2013. The execution rate was increased from 83.03% in 2012 to 91.33% in 2013 for central line-associated bloodstream infection(CLABSI), from 87.00% to 94.40% for catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI), and from 82.05% to 98.55% for multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs), respectively. In total, 136 cases(10.37%) in 2012 and 113 cases(7.72%) in 2013 involved HAIs, respectively. Patients suffered from infection of the lower respiratory tract, the most common site of HAIs, in 134 cases(79.29%) in 2012 and 107 cases(74.30%) in 2013 respectively. The incidence of VAP was 32.72‰ and 24.60‰, the number of strains of pathogens isolated was 198 and 173, and the number of MDROs detected in the ICU was 91 and 74 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The percentage of MDROs among the pathogens causing HAIs was decreased in each quarter of 2013 as compared with the corresponding percentage in 2012. In 2013, the execution rate of the bundle for preventing and controlling HAIs was increased, whereas the incidence of HAIs and VAP decreased as compared with that in 2012.     

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ARYTENOID DISLOCATION AFTER ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION

Five cases of arytendid dislocation after intuhation under general anesthesia are reported in this article.The anatomical and anesthetic causes of this complication were studied restrospectively, and the methods of treatment were discussed. The result showed that the incidence of arytenoid dislocation was about 0. 09% (5/5 826). Hoarseness, dysphonia and difficulty in feeding were the prevalent symptoms, and poor mobility of the vceal fold was the most common sign. The treatment included closed reduction of the displaced arytenoid under local anesthesia, steroid and physical therapy. The possible causes of arytenold dislocation were summarized as follows, (1) trauma produced by the blade tip of laryngoscope, (2) the use of styler,(3) overstretching of aryepiglottic fold and vocal cord during laryngoscopy and intubation, and (4) coughing and movemaent of the endotracheal tube on the larynx during the endotracheal tuba in place. It was suggested that correct technique and gentle manipulation during intubation could reduce the incidence of the complication. Timely postoperative follow-up and early reduction of arytenold cartilage should be emphasized in the diagnosis and treatment of the complication.     

The Impacts of Mosquito Density and Meteorological Factors on Dengue Fever Epidemics in Guangzhou,China, 2006-2014:a Time-series Analysis

Objective To explore the associations between the monthly number of dengue fever(DF) cases and possible risk factors in Guangzhou, a subtropical city of China.
Methods The monthly number of DF cases, Breteau Index (BI), and meteorological measures during 2006-2014 recorded in Guangzhou, China, were assessed. A negative binomial regression model was used to evaluate the relationships between BI, meteorological factors, and the monthly number of DF cases.
Results A total of 39,697 DF cases were detected in Guangzhou during the study period. DF incidence presented an obvious seasonal pattern, with most cases occurring from June to November. The current month’s BI, average temperature (Tave), previous month’s minimum temperature (Tmin), and Tave were positively associated with DF incidence. A threshold of 18.25 °C was found in the relationship between the current month’s Tmin and DF incidence.
Conclusion Mosquito density, Tave, and Tmin play a critical role in DF transmission in Guangzhou. These findings could be useful in the development of a DF early warning system and assist in effective control and prevention strategies in the DF epidemic.     

Parkinson''s disease in China. Coordinational Group of Neuroepidemiology, PLA.

An epidemiological study on the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) was carried out in 29 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in this country in 1986. The survey was conducted in 117 areas, and 566 patients with PD were found among 3,869,162 persons examined, giving a point prevalence for men and women of 16.9/10(5) and 12.4/10(5), with the highest prevalence after the fifth decade of age. The disease was most prevalent in the southern part of China, especially in Hunan and Guangxi provinces. The incidence was 1.5/10(5)/yr in 1986. Both the prevalence and incidence of PD in China are lower than those in the white race and Japanese.

     

Comparison of peritoneal free gastric cancer cells＇ detecting rates between laparoscopically assisted and open radical gastrectomy

Objective： To compare laparoscopic gastrectomy and conventional surgery on the dissemination and seeding of tumor cells. Methods：Intraoperative peritoneal lavage cytologic examination was performed in 65 patients with gastric cancer, during laparoscopic gastrectomy （n = 34） and conventional surgery （n = 31）. Cytology was examined twice, immediately after opening the peritoneal cavity and just before closing the abdomen. Saline was poured into the peritoneal cavity, and 100 ml fluid was retrieved after irrigation. Laparoscopic instruments were lavaged after surgery with 100 ml saline. Carbon dioxide （COz） was derived through the trocar side orifice after pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic gastrectomy and filtered through 100 ml saline. Cytologic examination of the filtrate was performed after the filtration process. Results： The incidence of positive cytology during laparoscopic surgery was 32.26% in the preoperative lavage and 22.58% in the postoperative lavage. The incidence of positive cytology during conventional surgery was 41.18% before lavage and 26.47% after lavage. Only one positive cytology was detected in the CO2 filtrate gas. The incidence of positive cytology in the lavage of the instruments during laparoscopic surgery was 6.45 %. Conclusion： During gastric laparoscopic surgery, CO2 pneumoperitoneum does not affect tumor cell dissemination and seeding. In this study, laparoscopic techniques used in gastric cancer surgery were not associated with a higher risk for intraperitoneal dissemination of cancer cells than the conventional surgery.     

COA:The sex, age and annual incidence of primary total knee arthroplasty: a university affiliated hospital survey of 3118 Chinese patients

Background In recent years, the number of patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty in China has rapidly increased. However, the incidence of primary total knee arthroplasty is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex, age and annual incidence of primary total knee arthroplasty based on 3118 Chinese patients who underwent the procedure during the period 2000 – 2011. Methods In total, 3118 total knee arthroplasties were performed on 511 males and 2607 females in our hospital during the period 2000 – 2011. The sex, age and annual incidence of primary total knee arthroplasty were evaluated. Results The annual incidence of primary total knee arthroplasty increased from 35 knees in 2000 to 681 knees in 2011. The average annual percentage increase in incidence was 33.2%. Females accounted for 83.2% of the patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty. In both males and females, the highest incidence was observed in the group aged 65–74 years. Conclusions This study demonstrated a rapid increase in the incidence of primary total knee arthroplasty in our Chinese study population. The sex and age incidence of primary total knee arthroplasty in our study population differed from those reported in Western populations.     

Relationship between isometric exercise and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: an Echo-Doppler study

Objective To study the relationship between isometric exercise and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Twenty CAD patients and 10 normal subjects were included in our study. All subjects performed maximal brief isometric exercise (BIE), maximal sustained isometric exercise (SIE) and dynamic exercise (DE). Hemodynamic par a meters and cardiac function were measured by Echo-Doppler technique. To avoid influence of different baseline values, increment (Δ%) of exercise response was used as parameter for significant analysis: Δ%=(exercise values-baseline values)/baseline values×100%. Results Positive exercise testing (PET) showed no evidence of myocardial ischemia during BIE and SIE even though their rates of perceived exertion (RPE) were similar to DE. Δ% heart rate (HR) and Δ% rate pressure product (RPP) were higher during DE than during SIE and BIE in negative exercise testing (NET) and normal controls (NOR) (P<0.01), except PET during DE and SIE; Δ% systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher during DE than during BIE in NOR (P<0.01). Δ% SBP in NOR and NET during SIE was higher than during BIE (P<0.05). Δ% diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was the highest during SIE among exercises in all groups (P<0.05). There were no significant inter-group differences of Δ% HR,Δ% SBP, Δ% DBP and Δ% RPP during SIE, BIE and DE, except that Δ% SBP during SIE was higher in NET than in NOR and PET (P<0.05). In NOR, Δ% ejection fraction (EF), Δ% fractional shortening of the minor-semi axis (SF), Δ% cardiac output (CO), Δ% E/A was higher during DE than during SIE and BIE (P<0.01). Δ% stroke volume (SV) was similar during DE, SIE and BIE. There were no significant differences in Δ% EF, Δ% SF, Δ% CO, Δ% SV and Δ% E/A during DE, SIE and BIE in both NET and PET, except lower Δ% CO in NET during SIE and BIE than DE (P<0.01). There were no inter-group differences in Δ% EF, Δ% SF, Δ% CO andΔ% E/A, except that Δ% E/A was higher during SIE in NET than PET (P<0.01). During DE, NOR and NET had higher Δ% SV, Δ% SF, Δ% CO andΔ% E/A than PET (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of myocardial ischemia in CAD patients was lower during isometric exercise than dynamic exercise at similar perceived exertion levels. Isometric exercise might protect the myocardium from ischemia through high coronary artery perfusion pressure and long perfusion duration. We suggest that application of isometric exercise in a cardiac rehabilitation program may have reasonable physiological background.     

新兵基础训练期间应力性骨折的发生率和分布特征

为了查明我军新兵基础训练期间应力性骨折的发生情况,作者于1992年1～3月,以~(99m)锝亚甲基二膦酸盐(~(99m)Tc-MDP)骨扫描为诊断依据,对某步兵师参训的1060名新兵进行了调查,发现应力性骨折的发生率为32.5％,正式开训后的第2和第7周为损伤高峰,训练强度较大的步兵分队的发生率(38.0％)高于炮兵分队(20.7％)及勤务分队(10.3％).各负重骨骼均可发生应力性骨折,但以胫骨最常见(占67％).作者指出应力性骨折是新兵对大强度军训适应过程中常见的损伤,不适当地增加训练强度可导致损伤人数的增多.应采用更科学的训练方法以减少应力性骨折的发生.     

72例新兵下肢应力性骨折原因分析

目的探讨新兵基础训练致下肢应力性骨折（SF）的原因,为预防应力性骨折提供参考。方法查询基础训练期间就诊登记,回顾分析某部2008-2010年72例入伍新兵下肢应力性骨折,了解其发生部位和危险因素。结果应力性骨折发病率6.07%。股骨应力性骨折2例占2.78%,胫骨应力性骨折67例,占93.05%,足第二跖骨骨折3例占4.17%。入伍前缺乏运动、带伤训练、循环训练是应力性骨折的高危因素。结论新兵基础训练致下肢应力性骨折以胫骨多见,与胫骨解剖结构以及训练方法等有关,应积极采取应对措施区别对待和科学训练。     

Stress fractures—a prospective study amongst recruits

Background

Stress fracture (SF) is the single most common cause for the lost number of manpower days during training of recruits in the Armed Forces. This prospective study was undertaken with a view to develop baseline data on incidence of SF and to identify related variables.

Methods

A prospective study over a period of five years during 2004–2009 in which a total of 8,570 recruits were enrolled at the start of their training to find out the incidence and pattern of SFs.

Results

A total of 604 (7.04%, 95% CI 6.40–7.40%) out of a total of 8,570 recruits sustained SF during the study period. The majority of fractures occurred during basic training. The factors like urban residence, vegetarianism and those without prior history of physical activity were found to be associated with SF. Tibia was the commonest bone involved.

Conclusion

Prevention is undoubtedly the best approach in SF and other sports injuries. Priority should be given to individuals with good sports and physical activity background during recruitment. Intensity of training should be gradually increased during first three months (12 weeks) of training.Key Words: recruits, stress fracture     

武警某部2010年新兵膝关节损伤情况分析

【目的】调查武警某部2010年新兵入伍训练致膝关节损伤的流行病学特点,为科学施训和降低军事训练伤发生率提供依据。【方法】以武警某部2010年参加入伍训练的2545新兵为调查对象,按照《军事训练伤诊断标准及防治原则》采集军事训练导致软组织损伤、骨关节损伤及器官损伤的数据资料并进行相关分析。【结果】武警某部新兵入伍训练期间训练伤发生率17．01％,非新兵训练伤发生率13．00％,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。新兵膝关节损伤发生率3．69％,非新兵膝关节损伤发生率2．19％,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。新兵膝关节损伤占训练伤构成比21．71％,非新兵膝关节损伤占训练伤构成比16．81％,,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。新兵训练伤发生率在新训第5周及第10周出现高峰。【结论】武警部队新兵入伍训练中膝关节损伤发生率较高,应采取科学的训练方法及保护装备,以有效预防军事训练导致膝关节损伤的发生。     

Stress fractures—a prospective study amongst recruits

Background

Stress fracture (SF) is the single most common cause for the lost number of manpower days during training of recruits in the Armed Forces. This prospective study was undertaken with a view to develop baseline data on incidence of SF and to identify related variables.

Methods

A prospective study over a period of five years during 2004–2009 in which a total of 8,570 recruits were enrolled at the start of their training to find out the incidence and pattern of SFs.

Results

A total of 604 (7.04%, 95% CI 6.40–7.40%) out of a total of 8,570 recruits sustained SF during the study period. The majority of fractures occurred during basic training. The factors like urban residence, vegetarianism and those without prior history of physical activity were found to be associated with SF. Tibia was the commonest bone involved.

Conclusion

Prevention is undoubtedly the best approach in SF and other sports injuries. Priority should be given to individuals with good sports and physical activity background during recruitment. Intensity of training should be gradually increased during first three months (12 weeks) of training.     

Stress fractures in military recruits: A prospective study for evaluation of incidence,patterns of injury and invalidments out of service

BackgroundStress fractures (SFs) occur because of repetitive submaximal stresses to the bone over a period of time. SFs cause an economic loss to the organization and to the individuals who get invalided out of army because of SFs. This study was conducted to determine the incidence, distribution, onset of SFs, and invalidment patterns due to SFs.MethodsThis prospective study was carried out among recruits undergoing training at training centres in a cantonment of Central India. The recruits enrolled were followed up through their training period for occurrence of SF. On occurrence of SF, the clinical features, site of bone involved, and the weeks of completed military training were noted. The SFs were graded into four grades based on clinicoradiological features and managed accordingly.ResultsA total of 8974 recruits were enrolled into the study, of which 208 recruits suffered SFs. The commonest bone involved was the tibia (86.5%), commonest site being the proximal one-third of the tibia shaft (46.2%). Average week of developing SF was the 15th week of training. Seven recruits were invalided out of army because of SFs, the commonest cause being femoral neck SFs.ConclusionPrevention is the best approach for SFs. It is suggested to increase the intensity of training gradually over the first 16 weeks and recruits are to be given a training pause at around the 12th week for healing of stressed bones just before the peak time of occurrence of SFs. Femoral neck SFs are the commonest SFs responsible for invalidment of recruits.     

Epidemiological investigation of military training injuries for sea training and parachuting training

Recants will begin their speak haing after fndshing basic ~. Sea ~ for naVy, Pasehuting~ng for air force. EaCh thetw has its own characteristic. TO study epidendological cbaxacteristic of inilitaly~ng injuries, we inVeshgated ndlitaxy thening injuriesduring sea training of naVy and p~hng ~ of airforce.~ ~ Subjch The subjects Of thes study were 1382.These soldiers were selected fm 2 gIDups. Ih sea tlaining, 971 soldiers were selected fIDm all nhane crops inGUanfor Province after flashing…     

新兵心理健康状况及人格与训练伤的关系

目的了解新兵心理健康状况、人格与训练伤的关系。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对某部参加2002年度基础训练的新兵进行测试。结果本年度军训伤累积发生率为9.6%。受伤组(n=58)与未受伤组(n=559)之间训练前各指标未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。训练后受伤组精神病性因子分高于未受伤组(P<0.01)。训练前受伤组因子分≥2的因子主要为强迫症状(13.79%)、人际关系(10.34%)和抑郁(10.34%),训练后主要为人际关系(13.79%)、强迫症状(12.07%)和精神病性(12.07%)。两组之间总分≥160的人数分布、人格类型分布未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论实施新大纲后训练伤发生率下降,未发现新兵中有心理问题者、人格类型与训练伤有明显的关系。     

新兵心理健康状况及人格与训练伤的关系

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of the psychological status and personality to the injuries arising from military training among the recruits. METHODS: The Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were used to evaluate the psychological health status of the recruits in an army force unit participating in the basic military training in 2002. RESULTS: The annual incidence of the injuries during the training was 9.6%. Before the training commenced, the scores of SCL-90 showed no significant difference between injured group and non-injured group (P>0.05), while measurement after the training revealed significantly higher score for psychosis in the injured group than non-injured group (P<0.01). The most frequent psychological problems before training were obsession, interpersonal relations and depression, while after training, interpersonal relations, obsession and psychosis were highlighted as the major problems. The number of recruits with the total score no less than 160 and personality type distribution were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The incidence of the injuries in relation to military training are significantly decreased after the implementation of the new training protocol, and no relations of psychological problems and personality was identified with the training.     

海上训练与跳伞训练军训伤的流行病学调查

目的　研究空军的跳伞训练和海军的海上训练期间军训伤的流行病学特征 ,制定初步的预防措施 .方法　采用就诊登记和回顾性调查的方法调查了军训伤的发生情况 .结果　空军某部新兵军训伤的发生率为 16 .3% ,海军某部新兵为18.7% ,海军老兵为 5 .5 % .空军新兵和海军新兵的发生率无显著性差异 ,海军新兵和老兵之间的发生率有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1) .海军新兵的发生高峰为开训后第 2个月 ,海军老兵的发生高峰为开训后第 1个月 ,空军新兵开训后第 2个月发生率较低 ,其余月份均维持较高水平 .海军的受伤部位以小腿和踝关节为主 ,分别占 42 .9%和 17.9% ;空军的受伤部位以踝关节和腰部为主 ,分别占 2 6 .9%和 2 3.9% .海军和空军均以急性创伤性损伤为主要类型 ,且均以关节扭伤为主要伤型 .结论　不同于基础训练的训练内容 ,军训伤的发生情况亦不同 .根据特殊训练的特殊性 ,要制定不同的预防措施